System and Method for Rescheduling Host and Maintenance Operations in a Non-Volatile Memory

1. A method of managing data comprising: performing, in a non-volatile memory system having a non-volatile memory with a plurality of layers and a controller in communication with the non-volatile memory, each of the plurality of layers having a different bit-per-cell data capacity, the following steps: identifying a layer in the plurality of layers for performing a balance cycle of maintenance operations; selecting a fixed plurality of previously programmed blocks in the identified layer for the balance cycle; determining a balance cycle interleave ratio of host data writes to maintenance writes based on a total amount of valid data in the fixed plurality of previously programmed blocks, wherein the balance cycle of maintenance operations comprises operations to move all valid data from each of the fixed plurality of previously programmed blocks selected for the balance cycle interleaved with writing an amount of host data equal to an amount of obsolete data in the plurality of previously programmed blocks such that an amount of free space created by moving the valid data from the fixed plurality of previously programmed blocks balances an amount of free space consumed by host writes during the balance cycle; initiating a maintenance operation on a first block of the fixed plurality of previously programmed blocks using the determined balance cycle interleave ratio; at each of a plurality of predetermined scheduling points in the balance cycle of maintenance operations, determining an updated balance cycle interleave ratio based on a current remaining amount of valid data in the fixed plurality of previously programmed blocks; and applying the updated balance cycle interleave ratio to remaining maintenance operations in the balance cycle of maintenance operations.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein selecting the fixed plurality of previously programmed blocks comprises selecting previously programmed blocks having a least amount of valid data.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein determining the updated balance cycle interleave ratio comprises: determining, when a predetermined scheduling point is reached in the balance cycle, whether a change has occurred in an amount of valid data in any of the fixed plurality of previously programmed blocks still awaiting a maintenance operation in the balance cycle; and when the change has occurred, updating the balance cycle interleave ratio to increase a ratio of host writes to maintenance writes in a remainder of the balance cycle based on the change.

4. The method of claim 2 , wherein determining the updated balance cycle interleave ratio comprises: determining, when a predetermined scheduling point is reached in the balance cycle, whether an amount of valid data in another previously programmed block in the layer is less than an amount of valid data in a remaining one of the fixed plurality of previously programmed blocks awaiting a maintenance operation; when the amount of valid data in the another previously programmed block is less than the amount of valid data in the remaining one, replacing the remaining one of the fixed plurality of previously programmed blocks awaiting the maintenance operation with the another previously programmed block to form a current remaining set of the fixed plurality of previously programmed blocks awaiting the maintenance operation; and determining the updated balance cycle interleave ratio based on a current remaining amount of valid data in the current remaining set; and applying the updated interleave ratio to remaining maintenance operations in the balance cycle.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein selecting the fixed plurality of previously programmed blocks comprises: selecting previously programmed blocks having a least amount of valid data.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein non-volatile memory comprises a non-volatile memory die and the plurality of layers are contained within the non-volatile memory die.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-volatile memory comprises an independently managed set of non-volatile memory die and the plurality of layers span across all of the non-volatile memory die in the independently managed set.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-volatile memory comprises a three dimensional memory array.

9. A method of managing data comprising: performing, in a non-volatile memory system having a non-volatile memory with a plurality of layers and a controller in communication with the non-volatile memory, each of the plurality of layers having a different bit-per-cell data capacity, the following steps: selecting a fixed plurality of previously programmed blocks in in the non-volatile memory for executing a balance cycle of maintenance operations; determining a balance cycle interleave ratio of host data writes to maintenance writes based on a total amount of valid data in the fixed plurality of previously programmed blocks; initiating a maintenance operation on a first block of the fixed plurality of previously programmed blocks using the determined balance cycle interleave ratio; after initiating the maintenance operation, and in response to reaching a predetermined scheduling point in the balance cycle, the non-volatile memory system determining whether to substitute a different previously programmed block for one of the fixed plurality of previously programmed blocks based on a change in an amount of valid data in one of the fixed plurality of previously programmed blocks or in the different previously programmed block; and substituting the different previously programmed block for one of the fixed plurality of previously programmed blocks in response to the change in the amount of valid data.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein substituting the different previously programmed block further comprising substituting the different previously programmed block for one of the fixed plurality of previously programmed blocks when the different previously programmed blocks contains less valid data than the one of the fixed plurality of previously programmed blocks.

11. The method of claim 9 , wherein substituting the different previously programmed block further comprising substituting the different previously programmed block for one of the fixed plurality of previously programmed blocks when the amount of valid data in one of the fixed plurality decreases prior to initiating a maintenance operation on the one of the plurality of previously programmed blocks.

12. A memory system, comprising: at least one non-volatile memory having a plurality of layers, each of the plurality of layers having a different bit-per-cell data capacity and a plurality of memory blocks; data management circuitry in communication with the non-volatile memory, the data management circuitry configured to select a fixed plurality of previously programmed blocks in one of the plurality of layers for a balance cycle of maintenance operations, the balance cycle comprising a set of maintenance cycles for the fixed plurality of previously programmed blocks; and program interleave circuitry configured to: determine a balance cycle interleave ratio of host data writes to maintenance writes based on a total amount of valid data in the fixed plurality of previously programmed blocks, wherein the balance cycle of maintenance operations comprises operations to move all valid data from each of the fixed plurality of previously programmed blocks selected for the balance cycle interleaved with writing an amount of host data equal to an amount of obsolete data in the plurality of previously programmed blocks such that an amount of free space created by moving the valid data from the fixed plurality of previously programmed blocks balances an amount of free space consumed by host writes during the balance cycle; upon determining the balance cycle interleave ratio, initiate a maintenance operation on a first block of the fixed plurality of previously programmed blocks using the determined balance cycle interleave ratio; at each of a plurality of predetermined scheduling points in the balance cycle of maintenance operations, determine an updated balance cycle interleave ratio based on a current remaining amount of valid data in the fixed plurality of previously programmed blocks; and apply the updated balance cycle interleave ratio to remaining maintenance operations in the balance cycle of maintenance operations until a next scheduling point of the predetermined plurality of scheduling points.

13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the data management circuitry is configured to select the fixed plurality of previously programmed blocks having a least amount of valid data.

14. The system of claim 12 , wherein the non-volatile memory comprises a non-volatile memory die and the plurality of layers are contained within the non-volatile memory die.

15. The system of claim 12 , wherein the non-volatile memory comprises an independently managed set of non-volatile memory die and the plurality of layers span across all of the non-volatile memory die in the independently managed set.

16. The system of claim 12 , wherein the non-volatile memory comprises a three dimensional memory array.