Legal claims defining the scope of protection. Each claim is shown in both the original legal language and a plain English translation.
1. A system, comprising: a radio frequency (RF) tag comprising a controller, a memory, and a memory manager, wherein the controller utilizes the memory manager to manage different memory types as part of the memory, the memory types comprising a plurality of one-time programmable (OTP) non-volatile memory locations and a plurality of multiple-time programmable (MTP) memory locations for storing data, and a plurality of OTP memory locations configured as an emulated MTP (eMTP) memory location to emulate a hardened memory, wherein the RF tag is at least in part powered by an external RF signal received by the RF tag.
This invention relates to a radio frequency (RF) tag system designed to efficiently manage different types of memory for secure and flexible data storage. The system addresses the challenge of balancing memory durability, reprogrammability, and security in RF tags, which are often powered by external RF signals and have limited power and processing capabilities. The RF tag includes a controller, a memory, and a memory manager. The memory comprises multiple types of storage locations: one-time programmable (OTP) non-volatile memory, multiple-time programmable (MTP) memory, and a subset of OTP memory locations configured as emulated MTP (eMTP) memory. The memory manager enables the controller to dynamically allocate and manage these memory types. OTP memory is used for permanent, tamper-resistant storage, while MTP memory allows for repeated data updates. The eMTP configuration emulates hardened MTP memory by repurposing OTP locations, providing a secure yet flexible storage option. The system ensures efficient memory utilization by leveraging the strengths of each memory type. OTP memory is ideal for critical, unchangeable data, while MTP and eMTP memory support dynamic data updates. The RF tag operates with minimal power, relying on external RF signals for energy, making it suitable for passive or semi-passive applications. This design enhances security, durability, and adaptability in RF tag memory management.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the memory is partitioned into a plurality of functional areas comprising a public and private functional area.
A system for managing memory in a computing environment addresses the challenge of securely isolating data while allowing controlled access. The system partitions memory into distinct functional areas, including at least one public area and one private area. The public area is accessible to multiple users or processes, enabling shared data storage and communication. The private area is restricted to authorized users or processes, ensuring confidentiality and integrity of sensitive information. The partitioning mechanism dynamically allocates and deallocates memory segments based on usage requirements, optimizing resource utilization while maintaining security boundaries. Access control policies govern interactions between the public and private areas, preventing unauthorized data leaks or modifications. This approach enhances security in multi-user or multi-process environments, such as cloud computing, virtualization, or embedded systems, where data isolation is critical. The system may also include additional functional areas for specialized purposes, such as temporary storage or system-level operations, further customizing memory management to specific application needs. By segregating memory into controlled zones, the system mitigates risks associated with shared memory access while supporting efficient data processing.
3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the private functional area of memory is encrypted.
A system for secure data processing involves a memory structure with distinct functional areas, including a private functional area that is encrypted to protect sensitive data. The system includes a memory controller that manages access to these areas, ensuring that only authorized operations can interact with the private functional area. The encryption applied to the private functional area prevents unauthorized access, even if the memory is physically compromised. The memory controller enforces access rules, such as restricting read or write operations to specific processes or users, further enhancing security. This design is particularly useful in environments where data confidentiality is critical, such as financial transactions, healthcare records, or government communications. By isolating and encrypting sensitive data, the system mitigates risks like data breaches and unauthorized modifications. The memory controller may also include mechanisms to dynamically adjust access permissions based on real-time security policies or threat detection. The overall architecture ensures that sensitive data remains protected while allowing legitimate operations to proceed efficiently.
4. The system of claim 2 , wherein the private functional area of memory requires an authentication verification to gain access.
A system for secure memory access control in computing environments addresses the problem of unauthorized access to sensitive data stored in memory. The system includes a memory divided into at least two functional areas: a private functional area and a public functional area. The private functional area is restricted to specific users or processes, while the public functional area is accessible without restrictions. The private functional area requires an authentication verification mechanism to grant access, ensuring that only authorized entities can retrieve or modify data stored within it. This verification process may involve user credentials, cryptographic keys, or other authentication methods. The system dynamically allocates memory between the private and public areas based on usage patterns and security policies, optimizing performance while maintaining data integrity. By enforcing strict access controls, the system prevents unauthorized data breaches and ensures compliance with security protocols. The solution is particularly useful in multi-user environments, cloud computing, and applications handling sensitive information.
5. The system of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of functional areas comprises a volatile and non-volatile functional area.
A system for managing data storage includes multiple functional areas, where at least one area is volatile and at least one is non-volatile. The system is designed to improve data handling efficiency by segregating data into different storage types based on their volatility requirements. The volatile functional area stores temporary or frequently changing data that requires fast access but does not need long-term retention. The non-volatile functional area stores persistent data that must be retained even when power is lost. This segregation allows the system to optimize performance by prioritizing access to volatile data while ensuring critical data remains protected in non-volatile storage. The system may also include mechanisms to transfer data between the volatile and non-volatile areas based on usage patterns or system conditions, further enhancing efficiency. This approach is particularly useful in applications where both high-speed access and data persistence are required, such as in computing systems, embedded devices, or hybrid storage solutions.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the memory manager is adapted to utilize MTP memory locations to store address information for data stored in OTP memory.
The system relates to memory management in electronic devices, particularly for handling data stored in One-Time Programmable (OTP) memory. OTP memory is non-volatile and typically used for storing critical or permanent data, but it lacks flexibility for updates or modifications. The challenge is efficiently managing and accessing data in OTP memory while ensuring reliability and performance. The system includes a memory manager that utilizes Multi-Time Programmable (MTP) memory locations to store address information for data stored in OTP memory. MTP memory is rewritable, allowing for dynamic updates to address mappings. By storing address pointers or metadata in MTP memory, the system enables flexible and efficient access to data in OTP memory. This approach decouples the physical storage location of data from its logical address, allowing for better memory utilization and easier data management. The memory manager dynamically updates the address information in MTP memory as needed, ensuring that the system can accurately locate and retrieve data from OTP memory. This method improves the usability of OTP memory by providing a layer of indirection, which is particularly useful in applications where data integrity and reliability are critical, such as firmware storage, configuration settings, or secure data handling. The system ensures that even though OTP memory is inherently inflexible, the overall memory management remains adaptable and efficient.
7. The system of claim 6 , wherein at least a first of the plurality of MTP memory locations stores redundant data with at least a second of the plurality of MTP memory locations.
This invention relates to a system for managing memory locations in a multi-time programmable (MTP) memory, addressing the problem of data integrity and reliability in non-volatile memory storage. The system includes a plurality of MTP memory locations, each capable of being programmed multiple times, and a controller configured to manage data storage across these locations. The controller ensures that at least one of the MTP memory locations stores redundant data, meaning the same data is duplicated in at least one other MTP memory location. This redundancy enhances data reliability by providing backup copies, mitigating the risk of data loss due to memory failures or programming errors. The system may also include error detection and correction mechanisms to further improve data integrity. The redundant storage approach is particularly useful in applications where data loss could have significant consequences, such as in embedded systems, firmware storage, or critical configuration settings. By distributing redundant data across multiple MTP memory locations, the system ensures that even if one location fails, the data remains accessible from another location, thereby increasing overall system robustness.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the OTP non-volatile memory locations comprise at least one of fuse and anti-fuse OTP memory.
The invention relates to a system for secure data storage using one-time programmable (OTP) non-volatile memory. The system addresses the need for tamper-resistant storage of sensitive information, such as cryptographic keys or configuration data, in integrated circuits. Traditional memory solutions may be vulnerable to unauthorized access or modification, requiring a robust, irreversible storage mechanism. The system includes a memory controller and OTP non-volatile memory locations, which can be programmed once and retain data indefinitely without power. These memory locations are implemented using at least one of fuse or anti-fuse OTP memory technologies. Fuse-based OTP memory uses programmable links that are physically blown to store data, while anti-fuse OTP memory relies on dielectric breakdown to create permanent conductive paths. Both methods ensure data integrity by preventing subsequent modifications, enhancing security against tampering. The memory controller manages read and write operations to the OTP memory, ensuring data is stored securely and accessed only when authorized. The system may also include error detection and correction mechanisms to verify data integrity. By leveraging fuse or anti-fuse OTP memory, the system provides a reliable, irreversible storage solution for critical data, reducing risks associated with unauthorized access or accidental overwrites. This approach is particularly useful in applications requiring high security, such as secure authentication, firmware protection, and hardware-based encryption.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the MTP memory locations comprise a plurality of OTP non-volatile memory locations configured to resist effects of environmental changes, enabling the at least one MTP memory location to emulate a hardened memory.
This invention relates to a memory system designed to enhance data retention and reliability in harsh environmental conditions. The system includes multiple memory locations, at least one of which contains a plurality of one-time programmable (OTP) non-volatile memory cells. These OTP memory cells are configured to resist environmental changes, such as temperature fluctuations, radiation, or mechanical stress, thereby emulating a hardened memory. The hardened memory emulation ensures data integrity and stability even under extreme operating conditions, making the system suitable for applications in aerospace, automotive, industrial, or military environments where reliability is critical. The OTP memory cells are programmed once and retain data without power, providing a robust solution for long-term storage. The system may also include additional memory locations with different configurations, such as multi-time programmable (MTP) or other non-volatile memory types, to support various data storage needs while maintaining overall system resilience. The hardened memory emulation feature ensures that critical data remains accessible and uncorrupted despite environmental challenges, addressing the problem of data loss or degradation in unstable conditions.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein at least one of the environmental changes is an increase in mechanical vibration.
A system monitors and responds to environmental changes, particularly mechanical vibrations, to enhance operational safety and efficiency. The system includes sensors that detect environmental conditions such as temperature, pressure, humidity, and mechanical vibrations. These sensors generate signals corresponding to the detected conditions, which are then processed by a control unit. The control unit analyzes the signals to identify deviations from predefined thresholds or patterns, indicating potential issues or inefficiencies. When an increase in mechanical vibration is detected, the system triggers corrective actions, such as adjusting operational parameters, activating dampening mechanisms, or alerting operators. The system may also log data for historical analysis and predictive maintenance. By continuously monitoring and responding to environmental changes, the system improves equipment reliability, reduces downtime, and prevents failures. The integration of multiple sensors and real-time processing ensures comprehensive environmental monitoring, making it suitable for industrial machinery, automotive systems, and other applications where mechanical vibrations can impact performance.
11. The system of claim 9 , wherein at least one of the environmental changes is a change in temperature.
This invention relates to a system for monitoring and responding to environmental changes, particularly temperature variations, to ensure optimal performance and safety in a controlled environment. The system includes sensors that detect environmental conditions, such as temperature, and a processing unit that analyzes the sensor data to identify significant changes. When a temperature change is detected, the system triggers predefined actions, such as adjusting heating or cooling systems, activating alerts, or modifying operational parameters to maintain desired conditions. The system may also include communication interfaces to transmit data to external devices or networks for further analysis or remote control. The invention is designed to improve efficiency, reliability, and safety in environments where temperature control is critical, such as industrial processes, data centers, or medical facilities. By automatically responding to temperature fluctuations, the system reduces the need for manual intervention and minimizes the risk of equipment failure or performance degradation. The system can be integrated into existing infrastructure or deployed as a standalone solution, depending on the application requirements.
12. The system of claim 9 , wherein at least one of the environmental changes is a change in humidity.
A system for monitoring and responding to environmental changes, particularly humidity variations, is designed to enhance environmental control in enclosed spaces. The system includes sensors that detect environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, air quality, and other relevant parameters. These sensors continuously monitor the environment and transmit data to a processing unit, which analyzes the data to identify significant changes. When a change in humidity is detected, the system triggers a response mechanism to adjust the environment accordingly. This may involve activating dehumidifiers, humidifiers, or ventilation systems to maintain optimal humidity levels. The system can also integrate with other environmental control devices, such as HVAC systems, to ensure comprehensive environmental regulation. By automatically responding to humidity fluctuations, the system helps prevent issues like mold growth, equipment damage, or discomfort in occupied spaces. The system may also include user interfaces or remote monitoring capabilities, allowing users to track environmental conditions and adjust settings as needed. This technology is particularly useful in industrial, commercial, and residential settings where precise environmental control is critical.
13. The system of claim 9 , wherein at least one of the environmental changes is an increase in ionizing radiation.
A system monitors and responds to environmental changes, particularly in industrial or hazardous environments where conditions can rapidly deteriorate. The system detects fluctuations in environmental parameters such as temperature, pressure, humidity, or chemical composition, and triggers automated responses to mitigate risks. A key feature is the ability to identify and react to increases in ionizing radiation, which can pose significant health and safety hazards. The system may include sensors distributed across a monitored area to collect real-time data, a processing unit to analyze the data and determine if thresholds are exceeded, and an alert or control mechanism to initiate corrective actions. These actions could include activating shielding, shutting down equipment, or alerting personnel. The system ensures continuous monitoring and rapid response to prevent accidents or exposure to harmful radiation levels. By integrating multiple sensors and adaptive response protocols, the system enhances safety in environments where radiation levels may fluctuate unpredictably.
14. The system of claim 13 , wherein the ionizing radiation is an exposure level greater than 25 kGy.
The invention relates to a system for sterilizing medical devices or other items using ionizing radiation. The system addresses the problem of ensuring effective sterilization while minimizing damage to sensitive materials. The system includes a radiation source that emits ionizing radiation at a controlled exposure level to sterilize items placed within a treatment chamber. The system monitors and adjusts the radiation dose to ensure it meets sterilization requirements without exceeding safe thresholds for the materials being treated. A key feature is the ability to deliver a radiation exposure level greater than 25 kGy, which is particularly effective for high-resistance microorganisms or materials requiring deep penetration of radiation. The system may include sensors to detect radiation levels, a control unit to regulate the dose, and a containment mechanism to shield operators from radiation. The system is designed for use in medical, pharmaceutical, or industrial settings where precise sterilization is critical. The invention improves upon existing sterilization methods by providing a more controlled and efficient radiation exposure process, reducing the risk of under- or over-exposure.
15. The system of claim 9 , wherein at least one of the environmental change is mechanical shock.
A system for monitoring and responding to environmental changes, particularly mechanical shock, in a controlled environment. The system includes sensors to detect environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, pressure, and mechanical shock. These sensors generate signals corresponding to the detected conditions. A processing unit analyzes the signals to determine if the environmental conditions exceed predefined thresholds, indicating a potential issue. If a threshold is exceeded, the system triggers an alert or initiates a corrective action to mitigate the impact. The system may also log the detected conditions for later analysis. The mechanical shock detection capability ensures that sudden physical impacts, such as drops or vibrations, are identified and addressed promptly. This system is useful in applications where environmental stability is critical, such as in industrial equipment, medical devices, or sensitive electronic systems. The integration of multiple sensor types allows for comprehensive monitoring, while the automated response mechanism enhances reliability and safety.
16. The system of claim 1 , wherein at least a subset of the plurality of OTP memory locations are arranged in a manner that allows the RF tag to have a memory store that withstands radiation exposure.
The invention relates to a radio frequency (RF) tag system with enhanced radiation-resistant memory storage. RF tags, particularly those used in harsh environments like space or nuclear facilities, require memory that can withstand high levels of radiation. The system includes a plurality of one-time programmable (OTP) memory locations, where at least a subset of these locations are arranged in a specific configuration to improve radiation tolerance. This arrangement ensures that the memory retains data integrity even when exposed to ionizing radiation, which can otherwise cause bit flips or data corruption. The system may also include an RF transceiver for wireless communication, a processor for managing data operations, and a power management unit to regulate energy consumption. The radiation-resistant memory design is critical for applications where reliability is paramount, such as in aerospace, defense, or medical devices. The arrangement of OTP memory locations may involve redundancy, error correction, or physical shielding to mitigate radiation effects. This solution addresses the need for durable, long-term data storage in RF tags operating in extreme conditions.
17. The system of claim 1 , wherein the OTP non-volatile memory locations are operable through an exposure of the RF tag to ionizing radiation exposure.
A system for managing one-time programmable (OTP) non-volatile memory in radio frequency (RF) tags is disclosed. The system addresses the challenge of securely and permanently programming OTP memory locations in RF tags, which are often used in applications requiring tamper-proof data storage, such as authentication, tracking, and access control. The OTP memory locations are designed to be modified only once, ensuring data integrity and preventing unauthorized changes. The system includes an RF tag with OTP memory locations that can be programmed through exposure to ionizing radiation. The ionizing radiation triggers a physical or chemical change in the memory material, permanently altering its state to store data. This method of programming ensures that the memory cannot be altered after the initial exposure, providing a high level of security. The RF tag may also include additional circuitry to detect and respond to the ionizing radiation, ensuring reliable programming of the OTP memory. The system may further include a radiation source, such as X-rays or gamma rays, to expose the RF tag to the required ionizing radiation. The radiation source can be controlled to deliver precise doses, allowing for selective programming of specific memory locations. The system may also include a controller to manage the radiation exposure process, ensuring that the OTP memory is programmed accurately and securely. This approach provides a robust solution for applications requiring permanent and tamper-proof data storage in RF tags.
18. A method, comprising: providing a radio frequency (RF) tag comprising a controller, a memory, and a memory manager, wherein the controller utilizes the memory manager to manage different memory types as part of the memory, the memory types comprising a plurality of one-time programmable (OTP) non-volatile memory locations and a plurality of multiple-time programmable (MTP) memory locations for storing data, and a plurality of OTP memory locations configured as an emulated MTP (eMTP) memory location to emulate a hardened memory, wherein the RF tag is at least in part powered by an external RF signal received by the RF tag.
This invention relates to radio frequency (RF) tags, specifically addressing the challenge of efficiently managing different types of memory within such tags to enhance functionality and reliability. The RF tag includes a controller, a memory, and a memory manager. The memory comprises multiple types of storage: one-time programmable (OTP) non-volatile memory locations, multiple-time programmable (MTP) memory locations, and a subset of OTP memory locations configured as emulated MTP (eMTP) memory. The eMTP memory emulates hardened memory, providing flexibility in data storage while maintaining security. The memory manager enables the controller to dynamically allocate and manage these memory types, allowing for efficient use of limited resources. The RF tag operates at least partially using power harvested from an external RF signal, making it suitable for passive or semi-passive applications. This design improves memory utilization, extends the tag's lifespan, and ensures data integrity in environments where power and memory resources are constrained. The combination of OTP, MTP, and eMTP memory types allows for both secure, permanent storage and flexible, reusable storage within a single device.
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June 23, 2020
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