Legal claims defining the scope of protection. Each claim is shown in both the original legal language and a plain English translation.
1. A pressure sensing electronic device comprising: a tactile sensor configured to determine an external pressure; and a haptic memory device electrically coupled to the tactile sensor, wherein: the haptic memory device is configured to switch from a first state to a second state upon the external pressure determined by the tactile sensor exceeding a predetermined threshold when a writing current flows through the tactile sensor and the haptic memory device; the haptic memory device comprises: a memory layer; a first electrode layer in contact with a first side of the memory layer; and a second electrode layer in contact with a second side of the memory layer opposite the first side of the memory layer; and the second electrode layer is also an electrode layer of the tactile sensor.
A pressure sensing electronic device integrates tactile sensing and non-volatile memory functions to enable pressure-triggered data storage. The device addresses the need for compact, low-power systems that can record pressure events without requiring separate sensing and memory components. The tactile sensor detects external pressure and, when a writing current flows through the device, triggers a state change in the haptic memory device if the pressure exceeds a predefined threshold. The memory device consists of a memory layer sandwiched between two electrode layers, with the second electrode layer serving dual purposes as both a memory electrode and the tactile sensor's electrode. This shared electrode design reduces component count and simplifies the device structure. The memory layer retains its state even after power is removed, ensuring persistent storage of pressure events. The system is particularly useful in applications requiring compact, energy-efficient pressure logging, such as wearable devices or industrial monitoring systems. The integration of sensing and memory functions in a single device enhances reliability and reduces manufacturing complexity.
2. The electronic device according to claim 1 , further comprising: an electrical source configured to apply the writing current through the tactile sensor and the haptic memory device.
The invention relates to electronic devices incorporating tactile sensors and haptic memory devices for enhanced user interaction. The device includes a tactile sensor that detects physical contact or pressure, and a haptic memory device that stores and reproduces tactile feedback patterns. These components enable the device to provide dynamic, programmable haptic responses based on user input or predefined conditions. The device further includes an electrical source that supplies a writing current to both the tactile sensor and the haptic memory device. This current facilitates the recording of tactile data into the haptic memory device, allowing the device to learn and replicate specific tactile sensations. The electrical source ensures consistent and controlled current flow, enabling precise data storage and retrieval. The combination of these elements allows the device to function as an adaptive haptic interface, capable of customizing feedback based on user preferences or environmental factors. This technology addresses the need for more intuitive and responsive haptic feedback in electronic devices, improving user experience in applications such as virtual reality, medical diagnostics, and consumer electronics.
3. The electronic device according to claim 1 , wherein the tactile sensor is a resistive tactile sensor having a resistance based on the external pressure; wherein the resistive tactile sensor is configured so that the resistance of the resistive tactile sensor decreases upon application of the external pressure on the resistive tactile sensor, thereby causing an increase in the writing current through the resistive tactile sensor and the haptic memory device; and wherein the haptic memory device is configured to switch from the first state to the second state upon the writing current flowing through the resistive tactile sensor and the haptic memory device exceeding a predetermined value when the external pressure determined by the tactile sensor exceeds the predetermined threshold.
This invention relates to an electronic device incorporating a tactile sensor and a haptic memory device for providing tactile feedback. The device addresses the challenge of creating responsive haptic feedback systems that accurately detect and react to external pressure inputs. The tactile sensor is a resistive type, where resistance decreases as external pressure increases. This change in resistance modulates the writing current flowing through both the tactile sensor and the haptic memory device. When the external pressure exceeds a predetermined threshold, the writing current surpasses a specific value, triggering the haptic memory device to switch from a first state to a second state. This state transition generates a tactile feedback response, enhancing user interaction by providing physical confirmation of input detection. The system ensures precise and immediate feedback by dynamically adjusting the writing current based on pressure variations, improving the responsiveness and accuracy of haptic interactions in electronic devices.
4. The electronic device according to claim 1 , wherein: the memory layer comprises silicon oxide; the first electrode layer comprises gold; and the second electrode layer comprises silver.
This invention relates to an electronic device with a memory layer, a first electrode layer, and a second electrode layer. The device is designed to address challenges in memory storage, particularly in non-volatile memory technologies, where material selection impacts performance, durability, and efficiency. The memory layer is composed of silicon oxide, a material known for its insulating properties and compatibility with semiconductor manufacturing processes. The first electrode layer is made of gold, which provides excellent conductivity and corrosion resistance, ensuring reliable electrical connections. The second electrode layer is composed of silver, which offers high electrical conductivity and is often used in conductive pathways due to its low resistivity. The combination of these materials enhances the device's ability to store and retrieve data efficiently while maintaining stability over time. The specific material choices optimize electrical performance, thermal stability, and long-term reliability, making the device suitable for advanced memory applications. This configuration ensures that the electronic device operates effectively in various environmental conditions, providing consistent memory functionality.
5. The electronic device according to claim 1 , wherein the tactile sensor comprises a pressure sensing layer in contact with the second electrode layer.
This invention relates to electronic devices with tactile sensors for detecting touch or pressure inputs. The problem addressed is improving the sensitivity and accuracy of tactile sensors in electronic devices, particularly those with multiple layers. The device includes a tactile sensor with a pressure sensing layer positioned in contact with a second electrode layer. The pressure sensing layer detects applied pressure and converts it into an electrical signal, which is then processed to determine touch or pressure input characteristics. The second electrode layer provides electrical conductivity and structural support for the pressure sensing layer, enhancing signal stability and reducing noise. The tactile sensor may be integrated into a touch-sensitive surface, such as a display or input interface, allowing for precise touch detection. The pressure sensing layer may use materials like piezoelectric or resistive films to generate signals proportional to applied pressure. The second electrode layer may be a conductive material, such as metal or transparent conductive oxides, ensuring efficient signal transmission. This configuration improves the sensor's responsiveness and durability, making it suitable for applications requiring high-precision touch or pressure detection, such as smartphones, tablets, or wearable devices. The invention ensures reliable performance in various environmental conditions and user interactions.
6. The electronic device according to claim 5 , wherein the pressure sensing layer comprises a plurality of microstructures.
The invention relates to electronic devices with pressure-sensitive touchscreens, addressing the challenge of improving pressure detection accuracy and durability. The device includes a pressure sensing layer integrated into a touchscreen, capable of detecting applied pressure with high precision. This layer contains a plurality of microstructures designed to enhance sensitivity and responsiveness. The microstructures may be arranged in a pattern to optimize pressure distribution and reduce wear over time. The pressure sensing layer works in conjunction with a touch-sensitive layer to provide both touch and pressure input capabilities. The microstructures can be made from flexible or rigid materials, depending on the application, and may include conductive or non-conductive elements to facilitate pressure measurement. The overall design aims to improve user interaction by enabling pressure-based gestures and commands, while maintaining durability and reliability in various operating conditions. The invention is particularly useful in portable electronic devices where precise pressure input is required for enhanced functionality.
7. The electronic device according to claim 6 , wherein the plurality of microstructures are pyramidal.
The invention relates to electronic devices with microstructures designed to enhance thermal management. The problem addressed is the need for improved heat dissipation in electronic devices, particularly those with high power densities or operating in harsh environments. Traditional cooling solutions often fail to efficiently remove heat from critical components, leading to performance degradation or failure. The electronic device includes a substrate with a plurality of microstructures integrated into its surface. These microstructures are specifically shaped to maximize heat transfer by increasing the surface area available for heat dissipation. In this embodiment, the microstructures are pyramidal in shape, which provides a high surface-to-volume ratio, facilitating better heat conduction and radiation. The pyramidal design also enhances fluid flow if liquid cooling is employed, further improving thermal performance. The microstructures are arranged in a pattern optimized for the device's thermal requirements, ensuring uniform heat distribution and preventing localized hotspots. The substrate may be made of materials with high thermal conductivity, such as metals or ceramics, to further enhance heat transfer. The pyramidal microstructures can be fabricated using techniques like etching, molding, or additive manufacturing, depending on the material and application. This design is particularly useful in high-performance electronics, such as processors, power electronics, or sensors, where efficient cooling is critical for reliability and longevity. The invention provides a scalable solution that can be adapted to various device sizes and thermal loads.
8. The electronic device according to claim 5 , wherein the pressure sensing layer comprises any type of material selected from a group consisting of metal nanowires, conducting polymers, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and combinations thereof.
This invention relates to electronic devices incorporating a pressure sensing layer. The device addresses the need for flexible, durable, and highly sensitive pressure sensors that can be integrated into various applications, such as wearable electronics, touchscreens, and industrial monitoring systems. The pressure sensing layer is designed to detect and measure applied pressure with high accuracy and responsiveness. The pressure sensing layer is composed of materials that exhibit excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical flexibility. These materials include metal nanowires, conducting polymers, carbon nanotubes, graphene, or combinations thereof. Metal nanowires provide high conductivity and flexibility, while conducting polymers offer tunable electrical properties and durability. Carbon nanotubes and graphene are known for their exceptional strength, conductivity, and thin-film capabilities, making them ideal for high-performance sensing applications. The pressure sensing layer is integrated into the electronic device to convert mechanical pressure into an electrical signal. When pressure is applied, the electrical resistance or capacitance of the layer changes, which is then processed by the device to determine the magnitude and distribution of the applied force. This technology enables precise pressure mapping and real-time monitoring, enhancing the functionality of electronic devices in dynamic environments. The use of advanced materials ensures that the pressure sensing layer maintains stability and performance over extended use, even under repeated mechanical stress. This innovation improves the reliability and versatility of pressure-sensitive electronic devices, making them suitable for a wide range of industrial and consumer applications.
9. The electronic device according to claim 5 , wherein the pressure sensing layer comprises a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix, and silver nanowires embedded in the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix.
The invention relates to an electronic device incorporating a flexible pressure sensing layer for detecting applied pressure. The device addresses the need for durable, highly sensitive, and flexible pressure sensors that can be integrated into wearable electronics, medical devices, or industrial applications. The pressure sensing layer is composed of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix, which provides flexibility and mechanical stability. Embedded within this matrix are silver nanowires, which enhance electrical conductivity and enable precise pressure detection. The silver nanowires form a conductive network that changes resistance in response to applied pressure, allowing the sensor to convert mechanical deformation into an electrical signal. The PDMS matrix ensures the sensor remains flexible and resilient, while the silver nanowires provide high sensitivity and fast response times. This combination enables accurate pressure measurements across a wide range of applications, including human-machine interfaces, health monitoring, and robotic systems. The sensor's design balances durability, flexibility, and sensitivity, making it suitable for integration into various electronic devices requiring pressure-sensing capabilities.
10. The electronic device according to claim 1 , wherein the memory layer comprises any type of material selected from a group consisting of metal oxides, semiconductor oxides, biomaterials, carbon materials, and combination thereof.
This invention relates to electronic devices incorporating a memory layer composed of advanced materials. The device addresses the need for high-performance, flexible, and scalable memory solutions by utilizing a memory layer made from a variety of materials, including metal oxides, semiconductor oxides, biomaterials, carbon materials, or combinations thereof. These materials offer unique properties such as tunable electrical conductivity, biocompatibility, and mechanical flexibility, making them suitable for diverse applications in electronics, sensors, and bioelectronics. The memory layer is integrated into the device to enable data storage, processing, or sensing functions. Metal oxides and semiconductor oxides provide high charge carrier mobility and stability, while biomaterials and carbon materials offer biocompatibility and lightweight structures. The selection of these materials allows for customization of the device's performance characteristics, such as speed, energy efficiency, and durability. This approach enhances the versatility of electronic devices, enabling their use in applications ranging from wearable electronics to medical implants. The invention improves upon traditional memory technologies by leveraging the distinct advantages of these advanced materials, resulting in more efficient and adaptable electronic systems.
11. A method of forming a pressure sensing electronic device, the method comprising: forming a tactile sensor configured to determine an external pressure; and forming a haptic memory device electrically coupled to the tactile sensor, wherein: the haptic memory device is configured to switch from a first state to a second state upon the external pressure determined by the tactile sensor exceeding a predetermined threshold when a writing current flows through the tactile sensor and the haptic memory device; the haptic memory device comprises: a memory layer; a first electrode layer in contact with a first side of the memory layer; and a second electrode layer in contact with a second side of the memory layer opposite the first side of the memory layer; and the second electrode layer is also an electrode layer of the tactile sensor.
The invention relates to a method for fabricating a pressure-sensing electronic device that integrates tactile sensing and haptic memory functionality. The device addresses the need for compact, responsive systems that can both detect external pressure and provide tactile feedback based on stored pressure thresholds. The method involves forming a tactile sensor capable of measuring external pressure and a haptic memory device electrically connected to the tactile sensor. The haptic memory device switches between two states when the detected pressure exceeds a predefined threshold while a writing current flows through the system. The memory device consists of a memory layer sandwiched between two electrode layers, with the second electrode layer also serving as an electrode for the tactile sensor. This dual-function electrode reduces component count and simplifies the device structure. The memory device's state change can be used to store pressure events or trigger haptic feedback, enabling applications in interactive interfaces, wearable devices, or touch-sensitive controls. The integration of sensing and memory in a single device enhances functionality while minimizing size and complexity.
12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein forming the haptic memory device comprises: forming the first electrode layer; forming the memory layer on the first electrode layer; and forming the second electrode layer on the memory layer.
13. The method according to claim 11 , wherein forming the tactile sensor comprises forming a pressure sensing layer on the second electrode layer.
A tactile sensor system is designed to detect pressure variations with high sensitivity and accuracy. The system includes a flexible substrate, a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, and a pressure sensing layer. The first and second electrode layers are positioned on opposite sides of the substrate, with the second electrode layer being electrically insulated from the first electrode layer. The pressure sensing layer is formed on the second electrode layer and is configured to generate an electrical signal in response to applied pressure. The system may also include a protective layer to shield the pressure sensing layer from environmental damage. The tactile sensor is designed to be integrated into electronic devices, such as touchscreens or wearable devices, to enhance user interaction by detecting pressure variations with improved precision. The pressure sensing layer ensures that the sensor can accurately measure pressure changes, making it suitable for applications requiring fine tactile feedback. The overall structure allows for flexibility and durability, enabling the sensor to be used in various form factors and environments.
14. A method of operating a pressure sensing electronic device, the method comprising: applying an external pressure to a tactile sensor comprised in the pressure sensing device, the tactile sensor configured to determine the external pressure; and applying a writing current to the electronic device comprising the tactile sensor and a haptic memory device electrically coupled to the tactile sensor so that the haptic memory device switches from a first state to a second state upon the external pressure determined by the tactile sensor exceeding a predetermined threshold, wherein: the haptic memory device comprises: a memory layer; a first electrode layer in contact with a first side of the memory layer; and a second electrode layer in contact with a second side of the memory layer opposite the first side of the memory layer; and the second electrode layer is also an electrode layer of the tactile sensor.
A pressure sensing electronic device includes a tactile sensor and a haptic memory device. The tactile sensor detects external pressure applied to the device. The haptic memory device is electrically coupled to the tactile sensor and switches between two states when the detected pressure exceeds a predetermined threshold. The haptic memory device consists of a memory layer sandwiched between two electrode layers. The second electrode layer of the memory device also serves as an electrode layer for the tactile sensor, reducing the number of components. When pressure is applied, the tactile sensor measures it, and if the pressure surpasses the threshold, a writing current is applied to the haptic memory device, causing it to transition from a first state to a second state. This design integrates pressure sensing and memory functions into a compact structure, enabling devices to respond to tactile inputs by changing their state, useful in applications like touch-sensitive interfaces or pressure-activated switches. The shared electrode layer simplifies the device architecture while maintaining functionality.
15. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the tactile sensor is a resistive tactile sensor having a resistance based on the external pressure; wherein the resistive tactile sensor is configured so that the resistance of the resistive tactile sensor decreases upon application of the external pressure on the resistive tactile sensor, thereby causing an increase in the writing current through the resistive tactile sensor and the haptic memory device; and wherein the haptic memory device is configured to switch from the first state to the second state upon the writing current flowing through the resistive tactile sensor and the haptic memory device exceeding a predetermined value when the external pressure determined by the tactile sensor exceeds the predetermined threshold.
A tactile sensing and haptic feedback system addresses the need for precise pressure detection and responsive haptic feedback in interactive devices. The system includes a resistive tactile sensor that measures external pressure by detecting changes in electrical resistance. When pressure is applied, the sensor's resistance decreases, increasing the writing current flowing through both the sensor and a connected haptic memory device. The haptic memory device, which can switch between at least two states, transitions from a first state to a second state when the writing current exceeds a predetermined threshold. This state change generates a tactile feedback response, providing the user with a perceptible signal. The system ensures that the haptic feedback is directly proportional to the applied pressure, enhancing user interaction accuracy and responsiveness. The resistive sensor's design allows for compact integration into devices requiring both pressure sensing and haptic output, such as touchscreens, wearable interfaces, or robotic control systems. The predetermined threshold ensures consistent feedback, while the current-based switching mechanism enables rapid and reliable state transitions in the haptic memory device.
16. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the haptic memory device has a higher resistance in the first state than in the second state.
A method for operating a haptic memory device involves transitioning the device between a first state and a second state, where the device exhibits different mechanical properties in each state. The haptic memory device is designed to provide tactile feedback in response to user interactions, such as touch or pressure. In the first state, the device has a higher resistance, meaning it requires more force to deform or actuate, while in the second state, it has a lower resistance, making it easier to deform or actuate. This change in resistance allows the device to simulate different tactile sensations, such as stiffness or softness, depending on the state. The transition between states can be controlled electronically or mechanically, enabling dynamic adjustment of the haptic feedback based on user input or system requirements. This method enhances user experience in applications like touchscreens, virtual reality interfaces, or medical devices by providing variable tactile responses. The invention addresses the need for adaptable haptic feedback systems that can simulate a range of textures and resistances without requiring complex mechanical structures.
17. The method according to claim 14 , further comprising: applying an erasing current in a direction opposite a direction of the writing current to switch from the second state to the first state.
This invention relates to methods for controlling the state of a memory device, specifically a resistive memory device that can be switched between two distinct states using electrical currents. The problem addressed is the need for an efficient and reliable way to switch the memory device from a high-resistance state to a low-resistance state and vice versa, ensuring stable and reversible state transitions. The method involves applying a writing current to the memory device to switch it from a first state to a second state, where the first state has a lower resistance than the second state. The writing current is applied in a specific direction to induce this transition. To reverse the process, an erasing current is applied in the opposite direction, switching the device back from the second state to the first state. The erasing current effectively resets the memory device to its initial low-resistance state, completing the switching cycle. This approach ensures that the memory device can be reliably programmed and erased by controlling the direction of the applied current, enabling reversible state changes. The method is particularly useful in non-volatile memory applications where data retention and repeated read/write cycles are critical. The use of opposing current directions for writing and erasing simplifies the control circuitry and improves the device's endurance and reliability.
18. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the haptic memory device is configured to be in the second state when the external pressure is removed after applying the external pressure.
A haptic memory device is designed to provide tactile feedback in response to external pressure, with the ability to retain a second state after the pressure is removed. The device includes a deformable layer that changes shape under applied pressure and a memory layer that maintains the deformed shape once the pressure is released. This allows the device to provide persistent haptic feedback, such as a raised or indented surface, even after the user stops interacting with it. The memory layer may use materials with shape-memory properties or mechanical latching mechanisms to hold the deformed state. The device can be integrated into touch-sensitive interfaces, such as buttons, touchscreens, or control panels, to enhance user interaction by providing tactile confirmation of input. The invention addresses the need for durable, responsive haptic feedback that does not require continuous power or complex actuation systems. The device can be reset to its original state by applying a specific reset pressure or thermal stimulus, allowing for reusable tactile feedback elements. The technology is particularly useful in applications where physical feedback is critical, such as medical devices, automotive controls, or consumer electronics.
Unknown
July 21, 2020
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