Legal claims defining the scope of protection. Each claim is shown in both the original legal language and a plain English translation.
1. A system comprising: a transmitter; and a receiver comprising a membrane, the membrane comprising a single layer or multiple layers of a two-dimensional material, the receiver operable to receive sound waves, wherein the membrane comprises a graphene membrane, wherein the membrane is attached to a frame having an aperture, wherein a first spacer is arranged between the frame and a first electrode and a second spacer is arranged between the frame and a second electrode, wherein the membrane has a diameter of about 3 millimeters (mm) to about 11 mm.
This invention relates to a sound reception system utilizing a graphene-based membrane for improved acoustic sensing. The system addresses the need for highly sensitive, compact, and efficient sound receivers, particularly in applications requiring precise audio capture or environmental noise monitoring. The receiver includes a membrane composed of a single or multiple layers of a two-dimensional material, specifically graphene, which offers exceptional mechanical strength, flexibility, and acoustic responsiveness. The membrane is attached to a frame with an aperture, allowing sound waves to interact with the membrane for signal detection. The system incorporates a first and second electrode, each separated from the frame by spacers, enabling electrical interaction with the membrane. The membrane has a diameter ranging from approximately 3 mm to 11 mm, optimizing its acoustic response while maintaining structural integrity. The electrodes and spacers ensure proper alignment and functionality, facilitating the conversion of sound waves into electrical signals. This design enhances sensitivity and frequency response, making it suitable for advanced audio applications, medical devices, or industrial sensors. The use of graphene improves durability and performance compared to traditional materials, addressing limitations in conventional sound reception technologies.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sound waves include an amplitude modulation.
A system for generating and analyzing sound waves with amplitude modulation is described. The system addresses the need for improved sound wave generation and analysis, particularly in applications requiring precise control over sound wave characteristics. The system includes a sound wave generator configured to produce sound waves with amplitude modulation, where the amplitude of the sound waves varies over time according to a predefined pattern. This modulation allows for enhanced control over the sound wave's properties, enabling applications such as acoustic imaging, medical diagnostics, or material testing. The system also includes a sensor array to detect the generated sound waves and a processor to analyze the detected signals. The processor extracts features from the amplitude-modulated sound waves, such as modulation frequency, amplitude variations, and phase shifts, to derive meaningful data. The system may further include a feedback mechanism to adjust the sound wave generator based on the analyzed data, ensuring optimal performance. The amplitude modulation in the sound waves improves signal clarity and reduces interference, making the system suitable for environments with high background noise or complex acoustic conditions. The system's ability to generate and analyze amplitude-modulated sound waves provides a robust solution for applications requiring precise acoustic measurements.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sound waves include a frequency modulation.
This invention relates to a system for generating and analyzing sound waves, particularly for applications in acoustic sensing or communication. The system addresses the challenge of improving the accuracy and reliability of sound-based measurements or transmissions by incorporating frequency modulation into the sound waves. Frequency modulation involves varying the frequency of the sound waves over time, which can enhance signal robustness, reduce interference, and improve data transmission rates in noisy environments. The system includes a sound wave generator that produces modulated sound waves, a transmitter to propagate these waves through a medium, and a receiver to capture the modulated signals. The receiver processes the incoming waves to extract the modulated frequency information, which may be used for sensing applications such as distance measurement, object detection, or environmental monitoring. Alternatively, the system can be used for secure communication by encoding data in the frequency variations. The frequency modulation technique allows the system to operate effectively in dynamic environments where traditional unmodulated sound waves may suffer from signal degradation or interference. The system may also include signal processing components to filter, amplify, or demodulate the received sound waves, ensuring accurate interpretation of the modulated signals. This approach improves the versatility and performance of sound-based systems in various industrial, medical, or consumer applications.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the receiver is operable to receive sound waves across a frequency range of about 20 kHz to 10 MHz.
This invention relates to a system for receiving sound waves, particularly at high frequencies. The system addresses the challenge of detecting and analyzing sound waves across a broad frequency range, which is critical in applications such as medical imaging, non-destructive testing, and underwater acoustics. The system includes a receiver designed to capture sound waves spanning from approximately 20 kHz to 10 MHz. This wide frequency range enables the system to detect both low-frequency sounds, such as those used in sonar or industrial monitoring, and high-frequency sounds, such as those used in ultrasound imaging or high-resolution acoustic sensing. The receiver is optimized to maintain sensitivity and accuracy across this entire range, ensuring reliable detection of sound waves regardless of their frequency. The system may also include additional components, such as signal processing units, to enhance the clarity and usability of the received sound data. By covering such a broad frequency spectrum, the system provides versatile applications in fields requiring precise acoustic measurements.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the receiver is operable to receive sound waves across a frequency range of about 200 kHz to 10 MHz.
A system for acoustic sensing and signal processing. The system includes a receiver designed to capture sound waves. This receiver is specifically configured to operate over a broad frequency range, encompassing frequencies from approximately 200 kilohertz (kHz) up to 10 megahertz (MHz). This wide frequency bandwidth allows the system to detect and analyze ultrasonic acoustic signals, which are beyond the range of human hearing and are utilized in various applications such as medical imaging, non-destructive testing, and sonar. The ability to receive signals across this specific spectrum is crucial for distinguishing and interpreting complex acoustic phenomena.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the receiver further comprises: a circuit associated with the first electrode, wherein the circuit is operable to measure a velocity of vibration of the membrane, wherein the vibration is caused by the sound waves.
This invention relates to a system for measuring the velocity of vibration of a membrane in response to sound waves, addressing the need for accurate and precise detection of membrane vibrations in acoustic applications. The system includes a receiver with a first electrode positioned to interact with the membrane, which vibrates when exposed to sound waves. A circuit connected to the first electrode measures the velocity of this vibration, providing a direct assessment of the membrane's dynamic response to acoustic stimuli. The circuit may employ electrical or electronic means to convert the mechanical motion of the membrane into a measurable signal, such as voltage or current, which correlates with the vibration velocity. This measurement can be used in various applications, including audio signal processing, vibration analysis, and acoustic sensor calibration. The system ensures high sensitivity and accuracy in detecting membrane vibrations, enabling precise characterization of sound wave interactions with the membrane. The invention improves upon prior art by directly measuring vibration velocity rather than displacement or frequency alone, offering a more comprehensive understanding of the membrane's behavior under acoustic excitation.
7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the circuit comprises an amplifier, and wherein the amplifier comprises a low noise operational amplifier.
A system for signal processing includes a circuit designed to amplify signals with minimal noise interference. The circuit incorporates an amplifier, specifically a low noise operational amplifier, to enhance signal quality while reducing unwanted noise. This configuration is particularly useful in applications requiring precise signal amplification, such as in communication systems, sensor interfaces, or medical devices, where noise reduction is critical for accurate data acquisition and processing. The low noise operational amplifier ensures that the amplified signal maintains high fidelity, minimizing distortions and errors introduced during amplification. This system addresses the challenge of maintaining signal integrity in environments where noise can degrade performance, providing a reliable solution for applications demanding high-precision signal handling. The use of a low noise operational amplifier within the circuit distinguishes this system from conventional amplifiers, offering superior noise performance and signal clarity.
8. The system of claim 6 , wherein the circuit comprises a resistor, and wherein the resistor has a resistance of about 1 megaohm to 10000 megaohms.
A system for electrical signal processing includes a circuit with a resistor having a resistance value between approximately 1 megaohm and 10,000 megaohms. The circuit is designed to manage high-impedance signals, ensuring stable signal transmission and minimizing noise interference. The resistor's high resistance range is selected to prevent excessive current flow while maintaining signal integrity, particularly in applications requiring precise signal conditioning or measurement. This configuration is useful in systems where low-power signals must be accurately processed, such as in biomedical devices, sensor interfaces, or high-precision instrumentation. The resistor's resistance value is optimized to balance signal attenuation and noise reduction, ensuring reliable operation in environments with varying electrical conditions. The system may also include additional components, such as amplifiers or filters, to further enhance signal quality and stability. The high-resistance resistor ensures that the circuit operates efficiently without degrading signal fidelity, making it suitable for applications where signal accuracy is critical.
9. The system of claim 6 , wherein the circuit comprises a voltage source, and wherein the voltage source is operable to apply a voltage of about 20 volts to 1000 volts to the membrane.
This invention relates to a system for processing a membrane, such as in filtration or separation applications. The system addresses the challenge of efficiently controlling membrane performance by applying an electrical field to enhance separation efficiency or reduce fouling. The circuit within the system includes a voltage source capable of applying a voltage ranging from approximately 20 volts to 1000 volts to the membrane. This voltage range is selected to optimize the electrical field's effect on the membrane, improving separation efficiency or mitigating fouling without damaging the membrane material. The system may also include additional components, such as sensors or controllers, to monitor and adjust the applied voltage dynamically based on operational conditions. The voltage source is designed to provide stable and precise voltage levels, ensuring consistent performance across different membrane types and operating environments. This approach enhances the system's versatility and effectiveness in applications requiring precise control over membrane behavior.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein a buffer material is arranged between the membrane and the frame.
A system for fluid filtration or separation includes a membrane supported by a frame, with a buffer material positioned between the membrane and the frame to improve structural integrity and performance. The buffer material reduces stress concentrations at the interface between the membrane and frame, preventing damage during operation. This design is particularly useful in high-pressure or high-flow applications where mechanical stress on the membrane could lead to failure. The buffer material may be a compliant or resilient material that absorbs vibrations, compensates for thermal expansion mismatches, or distributes loads evenly across the membrane surface. The system may be part of a larger filtration apparatus, such as a reverse osmosis unit, ultrafiltration system, or gas separation module, where maintaining membrane integrity is critical for efficiency and longevity. The buffer material can be selected based on compatibility with the membrane material, chemical resistance, and operational conditions to ensure long-term reliability. This configuration enhances durability while maintaining filtration performance.
11. A system comprising: a transmitter; and a receiver comprising a membrane, the membrane comprising a single layer or multiple layers of a two-dimensional material, the receiver operable to receive sound waves, wherein the membrane comprises a graphene membrane, wherein the membrane is attached to a frame having an aperture arranged approximately midway between a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein a first spacer is arranged between the frame and the first electrode and a second spacer is arranged between the frame and the second electrode, wherein a buffer material is arranged between the membrane and the frame.
This invention relates to a sound reception system using a graphene-based membrane for improved acoustic sensing. The system addresses the need for highly sensitive and compact sound receivers, particularly in applications requiring precise audio capture or environmental noise monitoring. The receiver includes a graphene membrane, which may consist of a single layer or multiple layers of a two-dimensional material, designed to receive sound waves with high efficiency. The membrane is attached to a frame with an aperture positioned approximately midway between two electrodes, allowing for optimal vibration and signal transduction. Spacers are placed between the frame and each electrode to maintain structural integrity and alignment, while a buffer material between the membrane and the frame ensures mechanical stability and reduces unwanted vibrations. The graphene membrane's exceptional mechanical properties, such as high stiffness and low mass, enable superior sensitivity and frequency response compared to traditional materials. The system is particularly useful in applications where miniaturization, durability, and high-performance acoustic detection are critical, such as in medical devices, consumer electronics, or industrial sensors. The design ensures efficient sound wave capture while minimizing interference and mechanical stress on the membrane.
12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the sound waves include an amplitude modulation.
A system for generating and analyzing sound waves with amplitude modulation is disclosed. The system addresses the challenge of enhancing sound wave transmission and reception in environments where signal clarity is compromised by interference or noise. The system includes a sound wave generator configured to produce sound waves with controlled amplitude modulation, allowing for improved signal differentiation and noise reduction. The amplitude modulation can be adjusted dynamically to optimize signal quality based on environmental conditions. The system further includes a receiver that captures the modulated sound waves and processes them to extract the encoded information. The receiver may employ filtering and demodulation techniques to isolate the amplitude-modulated components from background noise. The system may also incorporate feedback mechanisms to adjust the amplitude modulation parameters in real-time, ensuring robust communication even in challenging acoustic environments. This approach enhances the reliability and accuracy of sound-based data transmission, making it suitable for applications in underwater communication, medical imaging, and industrial sensing.
13. The system of claim 11 , wherein the sound waves include a frequency modulation.
A system for generating and analyzing sound waves is disclosed, addressing the need for improved sound wave modulation techniques in applications such as medical imaging, non-destructive testing, or acoustic communication. The system includes a sound wave generator configured to produce sound waves with adjustable frequency modulation, allowing for dynamic control over the acoustic signal properties. The frequency modulation enables precise tuning of the sound waves to optimize performance in specific applications, such as enhancing resolution in imaging systems or improving signal clarity in communication systems. The system further includes a sensor array to detect reflected or transmitted sound waves, and a processing unit to analyze the received signals. The processing unit applies signal processing algorithms to extract relevant data, such as material properties, structural defects, or communication signals, from the modulated sound waves. The frequency modulation feature allows for adaptive adjustments to compensate for environmental factors or target characteristics, improving accuracy and reliability. The system may also include a feedback mechanism to dynamically adjust the modulation parameters based on real-time data, ensuring optimal performance under varying conditions. This approach enhances the versatility and effectiveness of sound wave-based systems in diverse applications.
14. The system of claim 11 , wherein the receiver is operable to receive sound waves across a frequency range of about 20 kHz to 10 MHz.
This invention relates to a system for receiving sound waves, particularly at high frequencies. The system addresses the challenge of detecting and analyzing sound waves across a broad frequency range, which is critical for applications such as medical imaging, industrial inspections, and underwater communications. The system includes a receiver designed to capture sound waves spanning a frequency range from approximately 20 kHz to 10 MHz. This wide operational range enables the system to detect both low-frequency sounds, such as those used in sonar or industrial monitoring, and high-frequency sounds, such as those used in ultrasound imaging or non-destructive testing. The receiver is optimized to maintain sensitivity and accuracy across this entire spectrum, ensuring reliable performance in diverse environments. The system may also include additional components, such as signal processing units, to enhance the clarity and usability of the received sound data. By supporting such a broad frequency range, the system provides versatility for applications requiring high-resolution sound detection and analysis.
15. The system of claim 11 , wherein the receiver is operable to receive sound waves across a frequency range of about 200 kHz to 10 MHz.
This invention relates to a system for detecting and analyzing sound waves, particularly in the ultrasonic frequency range. The system addresses the challenge of accurately capturing and processing high-frequency sound waves, which are often used in applications such as medical imaging, industrial testing, and underwater communication. The system includes a receiver designed to detect sound waves across a broad frequency range, specifically from about 200 kHz to 10 MHz. This wide frequency range enables the system to handle various ultrasonic applications, including those requiring high-resolution imaging or precise material analysis. The receiver is configured to convert the received sound waves into electrical signals, which are then processed to extract relevant information. The system may also include additional components, such as signal processing units, to enhance the accuracy and reliability of the detected signals. By operating within this frequency range, the system ensures compatibility with a wide range of ultrasonic devices and applications, improving detection capabilities in diverse environments. The invention provides a versatile solution for capturing and analyzing high-frequency sound waves with improved precision and efficiency.
16. The system of claim 11 , wherein the receiver further comprises: a circuit associated with the first electrode, wherein the circuit is operable to measure a velocity of vibration of the membrane, wherein the vibration is caused by the sound waves.
This invention relates to a system for measuring the velocity of vibration of a membrane in response to sound waves. The system includes a receiver with a first electrode positioned to interact with the membrane. A circuit connected to the first electrode measures the velocity of the membrane's vibration, which is induced by sound waves. The system may also include a second electrode, where the first and second electrodes are positioned on opposite sides of the membrane to detect changes in capacitance or other electrical properties caused by membrane movement. The circuit processes signals from the electrodes to determine the vibration velocity, which can be used for applications such as acoustic sensing, vibration analysis, or microphone technology. The system may further include a housing to support the electrodes and membrane, ensuring proper alignment and isolation from external interference. The invention improves upon prior art by providing a more accurate and direct measurement of membrane vibration velocity, enhancing the performance of acoustic devices.
17. The system of claim 16 , wherein the circuit comprises an amplifier, and wherein the amplifier comprises a low noise operational amplifier.
A system for signal processing includes a circuit designed to amplify signals with minimal noise interference. The circuit incorporates an amplifier, specifically a low noise operational amplifier, to enhance signal quality by reducing unwanted noise during amplification. This design is particularly useful in applications where signal integrity is critical, such as in precision measurement systems, communication devices, or sensor interfaces. The low noise operational amplifier ensures that the amplified signal retains its original characteristics while minimizing distortion and noise introduction. By integrating this amplifier into the circuit, the system achieves improved signal-to-noise ratio, making it suitable for environments requiring high accuracy and reliability. The use of a low noise operational amplifier distinguishes this system from conventional amplifiers that may introduce significant noise, thereby degrading signal quality. This innovation is particularly valuable in fields such as medical diagnostics, scientific instrumentation, and high-frequency communication, where precise signal amplification is essential for accurate data acquisition and processing.
18. The system of claim 16 , wherein the circuit comprises a resistor, and wherein the resistor has a resistance of about 1 megaohm to 10000 megaohms.
This invention relates to an electronic system designed to manage electrical signals, particularly in applications requiring precise signal conditioning or isolation. The system includes a circuit configured to process input signals, where the circuit incorporates a resistor with a resistance value ranging from approximately 1 megaohm to 10,000 megaohms. This resistor is used to control signal flow, impedance matching, or signal attenuation within the circuit. The high resistance range ensures minimal current draw while maintaining signal integrity, which is critical in low-power or high-impedance applications. The circuit may also include additional components such as capacitors, transistors, or operational amplifiers to further condition the signal, depending on the specific application. The system is particularly useful in medical devices, sensor interfaces, or communication systems where signal stability and isolation are essential. The resistor's resistance range is selected to balance signal fidelity with power efficiency, ensuring reliable operation in diverse environments.
19. The system of claim 16 , wherein the circuit comprises a voltage source, and wherein the voltage source is operable to apply a voltage of about 20 volts to 1000 volts to the membrane.
This invention relates to a system for processing a membrane, such as in filtration or separation applications. The system addresses the challenge of efficiently controlling membrane performance by applying an electrical field to enhance separation efficiency or reduce fouling. The core system includes a circuit configured to apply an electrical field to the membrane, where the circuit is designed to regulate the field strength and duration to optimize membrane operation. The circuit comprises a voltage source capable of applying a voltage ranging from about 20 volts to 1000 volts to the membrane. This voltage range is selected to balance effective membrane treatment without causing damage. The system may also include sensors or controllers to monitor and adjust the applied voltage based on real-time conditions, ensuring consistent performance. The electrical field can be used to repel charged particles, improve permeate flux, or mitigate fouling, depending on the application. The invention is particularly useful in water treatment, industrial filtration, or bioprocessing, where membrane efficiency and longevity are critical. The adjustable voltage source allows customization for different membrane materials and operating conditions, enhancing versatility.
20. A device comprising: a membrane comprising a single layer or multiple layers of a two-dimensional material; a first electrode proximate a first side of the membrane; and a circuit associated with the first electrode, the circuit being operable to measure a velocity of vibration of the membrane, the vibration being caused by sound waves, wherein the membrane comprises a graphene membrane, wherein the membrane is attached to a frame having an aperture, wherein a first spacer is arranged between the frame and the first electrode and a second spacer is arranged between the frame and a second electrode, wherein the device is operable to generate an output signal through the circuit in response to the sound waves, wherein the membrane has a diameter of about 3 millimeters (mm) to about 11 mm.
This invention relates to a sound sensing device utilizing a graphene-based membrane to detect and measure sound waves. The device addresses the need for highly sensitive, compact acoustic sensors with improved frequency response and durability. The core component is a membrane made of a single or multiple layers of a two-dimensional material, specifically graphene, which is suspended over an aperture in a frame. The membrane vibrates in response to sound waves, and its velocity of vibration is measured by a first electrode positioned proximate to one side of the membrane. A circuit connected to the first electrode generates an output signal corresponding to the detected sound waves. The membrane is supported by spacers between the frame and the first electrode, as well as a second electrode on the opposite side, ensuring proper alignment and mechanical stability. The membrane diameter ranges from approximately 3 mm to 11 mm, optimizing sensitivity and resonance characteristics. The device leverages graphene's exceptional mechanical and electrical properties to achieve high-performance acoustic detection in a compact form factor.
21. The device of claim 20 , wherein the sound waves include an amplitude modulation.
A system for generating and analyzing sound waves is disclosed, addressing the need for improved acoustic signal processing in applications such as medical imaging, non-destructive testing, or communication systems. The system includes a sound wave generator configured to produce sound waves with controlled frequency and amplitude characteristics. The sound waves are transmitted through a medium, such as tissue or material, and reflected or scattered signals are captured by a receiver. The received signals are processed to extract information about the medium, such as structural properties or material composition. In an advanced configuration, the sound waves include amplitude modulation, where the amplitude of the sound wave is varied over time according to a predefined pattern. This modulation enhances signal distinguishability, improves noise rejection, and enables more precise detection of reflections or scattering events. The amplitude-modulated sound waves may be used to encode information, improve signal-to-noise ratio, or facilitate time-of-flight measurements for distance or depth determination. The system may further include signal processing components to demodulate the received signals and reconstruct the original waveform, allowing for accurate analysis of the medium's properties. The amplitude modulation can be applied in various forms, such as sinusoidal, pulse-width, or digital modulation, depending on the application requirements. This approach enhances the system's ability to resolve fine details in the medium and improves overall measurement accuracy.
22. The device of claim 20 , wherein the sound waves include a frequency modulation.
A system for generating and analyzing sound waves is disclosed, addressing the need for precise acoustic signal processing in applications such as medical imaging, non-destructive testing, or underwater communication. The system includes a sound wave generator configured to produce sound waves with adjustable frequency modulation, allowing dynamic control over the acoustic signal's properties. The frequency modulation enables the system to adapt to varying environmental conditions or target materials, improving signal clarity and accuracy. The sound waves are transmitted through a medium, such as air, water, or biological tissue, and detected by a receiver. The received signals are then processed to extract relevant information, such as material properties, structural defects, or communication data. The frequency modulation feature enhances the system's ability to distinguish between different signal components, reducing interference and improving detection sensitivity. This technology is particularly useful in scenarios where environmental noise or signal attenuation poses challenges to conventional acoustic systems. The system may also include additional components, such as signal conditioning circuits or data analysis modules, to further refine the output. The overall design ensures robust performance in diverse acoustic applications.
23. The device of claim 20 , wherein the device is operable to generate an output signal in response to the sound waves across a frequency range of about 20 kHz to 10 MHz.
This invention relates to a device for detecting and processing sound waves, particularly in the high-frequency range. The device is designed to address the challenge of accurately capturing and analyzing sound waves across a broad frequency spectrum, specifically from 20 kHz to 10 MHz. This range includes ultrasonic frequencies, which are often used in medical imaging, industrial testing, and non-destructive evaluation. The device includes a transducer or sensor capable of converting sound waves into electrical signals. It further incorporates signal processing components to amplify, filter, and condition the received signals. The device is operable to generate an output signal in response to the detected sound waves, ensuring that the full frequency range is captured with sufficient fidelity. This output signal can be used for further analysis, display, or control purposes. The device may also include calibration mechanisms to ensure accuracy across the entire frequency range, as well as noise reduction features to enhance signal clarity. The design may incorporate adaptive filtering or other advanced signal processing techniques to improve performance in varying acoustic environments. The device is particularly useful in applications requiring high-resolution sound wave detection, such as medical diagnostics, material testing, and environmental monitoring.
24. The device of claim 20 , wherein the device is operable to generate an output signal in response to the sound waves across a frequency range of about 200 kHz to 10 MHz.
This invention relates to a device for detecting or analyzing sound waves, particularly in the high-frequency range. The device is designed to address challenges in accurately capturing and processing sound waves within a specific frequency band, which is critical for applications such as ultrasonic imaging, non-destructive testing, and medical diagnostics. The device includes components for receiving sound waves and generating an output signal that corresponds to the detected waves. A key feature is its ability to operate across a broad frequency range, specifically from about 200 kHz to 10 MHz. This range is particularly useful for applications requiring high-resolution sound wave analysis, such as identifying material defects or imaging internal structures. The device may incorporate transducers or sensors optimized for high-frequency sound detection, along with signal processing circuitry to enhance accuracy and sensitivity. By operating within this frequency range, the device can effectively capture and analyze sound waves that are otherwise difficult to detect with conventional systems, improving performance in industrial, medical, and scientific applications. The invention ensures reliable signal generation across the specified frequency band, enabling precise measurements and analysis in demanding environments.
25. The device of claim 20 , wherein the receiver further comprises: a circuit associated with the first electrode, wherein the circuit is operable to measure a velocity of vibration of the membrane, wherein the vibration is caused by the sound waves.
This invention relates to a device for measuring sound waves, specifically focusing on detecting the velocity of membrane vibrations caused by sound waves. The device includes a receiver with a first electrode and a circuit associated with the electrode. The circuit is designed to measure the velocity of the membrane's vibration, which is induced by incoming sound waves. The membrane acts as a transducer, converting sound energy into mechanical vibrations, and the circuit quantifies this motion to derive acoustic information. The system may be part of a larger apparatus, such as a microphone or sensor, where precise measurement of vibration velocity is critical for accurate sound analysis. The invention addresses the need for improved sound detection by directly measuring vibration velocity, which can enhance sensitivity and reduce noise in audio applications. The circuit's design ensures accurate and reliable measurements, making it suitable for high-performance audio devices. The technology is particularly useful in environments where sound wave characteristics must be precisely captured, such as in medical diagnostics, industrial monitoring, or advanced communication systems.
26. The device of claim 25 , wherein the circuit comprises an amplifier, and wherein the amplifier comprises a low noise operational amplifier.
A device is disclosed for signal processing, particularly in applications requiring high sensitivity and low noise, such as biomedical sensing, environmental monitoring, or precision instrumentation. The device includes a circuit designed to amplify weak signals while minimizing noise interference. The circuit incorporates an amplifier, specifically a low noise operational amplifier, to enhance signal integrity. Low noise operational amplifiers are used to reduce thermal and electronic noise, ensuring accurate signal amplification even at very low signal levels. This design is particularly useful in applications where signal distortion or noise could compromise measurement accuracy, such as in medical diagnostics, seismic monitoring, or high-resolution scientific instruments. The amplifier's low noise characteristics help maintain signal fidelity, making it suitable for environments where external interference is a concern. The device may also include additional components, such as filters or feedback mechanisms, to further refine signal processing. The overall system ensures reliable signal amplification with minimal noise, improving the performance of sensitive measurement systems.
27. The device of claim 25 , wherein the circuit comprises a resistor, and wherein the resistor has a resistance of about 1 megaohm to 10000 megaohms.
This invention relates to an electronic device with a circuit that includes a resistor. The resistor is designed to have a resistance value within a specific range, specifically between approximately 1 megaohm and 10,000 megaohms. The device likely operates in a high-impedance environment where precise resistance values are critical for proper functionality. The resistor may be used for current limiting, voltage division, or signal conditioning in applications requiring stable and predictable resistance characteristics. The resistance range suggests the device is optimized for low-current or high-voltage applications, such as in sensor interfaces, analog signal processing, or protection circuits. The resistor's high resistance value ensures minimal current draw while maintaining accurate signal integrity. The circuit may be part of a larger system, such as a measurement instrument, a control circuit, or a power management module, where precise resistance is essential for reliable operation. The invention addresses the need for stable, high-resistance components in electronic systems where accuracy and performance are critical.
28. The device of claim 25 , wherein the circuit comprises a voltage source, and wherein the voltage source is operable to apply a voltage of about 20 volts to 1000 volts to the membrane.
This invention relates to a device for manipulating a membrane, such as in microfluidic or lab-on-a-chip systems, where precise control of membrane deformation or movement is required. The problem addressed is the need for an efficient and controllable way to apply electrical forces to a membrane without causing damage or requiring complex mechanical systems. The device includes a circuit designed to interact with a membrane, where the circuit incorporates a voltage source capable of applying a voltage range of approximately 20 volts to 1000 volts across the membrane. This voltage range allows for controlled deformation or movement of the membrane, enabling applications such as fluid pumping, valve actuation, or particle manipulation in microfluidic environments. The voltage source is integrated into the circuit to ensure stable and precise electrical actuation, avoiding mechanical wear and enabling miniaturization of the system. The membrane may be part of a larger microfluidic structure, where its deformation can regulate fluid flow or separate components within the system. The invention improves upon existing methods by providing a scalable, electrically driven solution that avoids the limitations of pneumatic or mechanical actuation, such as bulkiness and slow response times.
29. The device of claim 20 , wherein a buffer material is arranged between the membrane and the frame.
A device for fluid filtration or separation includes a membrane supported by a frame, with a buffer material positioned between the membrane and the frame. The buffer material serves to reduce stress concentrations, improve sealing, or enhance structural integrity where the membrane interfaces with the frame. The membrane is designed to selectively filter or separate components from a fluid stream, such as in water purification, gas separation, or chemical processing. The frame provides mechanical support and structural rigidity to the membrane, ensuring proper alignment and stability during operation. The buffer material may be an elastic or compliant material that compensates for thermal expansion, vibration, or pressure fluctuations, preventing damage to the membrane or frame. This configuration improves durability and performance by minimizing stress-related failures at the membrane-frame junction. The device may be part of a larger filtration system, where multiple such units are assembled in series or parallel to achieve desired separation efficiency. The buffer material can also facilitate easier assembly and disassembly, allowing for maintenance or replacement of the membrane without compromising the structural integrity of the frame.
30. A device comprising: a membrane comprising a single layer or multiple layers of a two-dimensional material; a first electrode proximate a first side of the membrane; and a circuit associated with the first electrode, the circuit being operable to measure a velocity of vibration of the membrane, the vibration being caused by sound waves, wherein the membrane comprises a graphene membrane, wherein the membrane is attached to a frame having an aperture arranged approximately midway between the first electrode and a second electrode, wherein a first spacer is arranged between the frame and the first electrode and a second spacer is arranged between the frame and the second electrode, wherein the device is operable to generate an output signal through the circuit in response to the sound waves, wherein a buffer material is arranged between the membrane and the frame.
This invention relates to a sound detection device utilizing a graphene-based membrane to convert sound waves into an electrical signal. The device addresses the need for highly sensitive and compact acoustic sensors by leveraging the unique properties of two-dimensional materials, particularly graphene, which offer superior mechanical and electrical characteristics for vibration sensing. The device includes a membrane composed of a single or multiple layers of a two-dimensional material, specifically graphene, which vibrates in response to incident sound waves. A first electrode is positioned near one side of the membrane, while a second electrode is placed on the opposite side, with both electrodes separated from the membrane by spacers. The membrane is mounted on a frame that features an aperture positioned approximately midway between the two electrodes. A buffer material is placed between the membrane and the frame to enhance structural stability and reduce mechanical interference. An associated circuit connected to the first electrode measures the velocity of the membrane's vibration, which is directly influenced by the sound waves. The circuit generates an output signal corresponding to the detected vibrations, enabling the device to function as an acoustic sensor. The use of graphene ensures high sensitivity, fast response times, and minimal energy consumption, making the device suitable for applications requiring precise sound detection in compact form factors. The structural design, including the spacers and buffer material, optimizes mechanical stability and signal fidelity.
31. The device of claim 30 , wherein the sound waves include an amplitude modulation.
This invention relates to a device for generating and analyzing sound waves, particularly for applications in medical imaging, non-destructive testing, or acoustic communication. The device addresses the challenge of improving the resolution and accuracy of sound wave-based systems by incorporating amplitude modulation into the generated sound waves. Amplitude modulation allows for enhanced signal differentiation, enabling better detection of subtle variations in materials or biological tissues. The device includes a sound wave generator configured to produce modulated sound waves, which are then transmitted through a medium. A receiver captures the reflected or transmitted waves, and a processing unit analyzes the amplitude variations to extract detailed information about the medium's properties. The amplitude modulation improves signal-to-noise ratio and enables more precise measurements, making the device suitable for high-resolution imaging or defect detection. The invention builds on prior systems by integrating amplitude modulation to overcome limitations in conventional sound wave analysis, where unmodulated waves may lack sufficient detail for accurate interpretation. The device can be used in medical diagnostics, industrial inspections, or underwater communication, where precise acoustic data is critical.
32. The device of claim 30 , wherein the sound waves include a frequency modulation.
This invention relates to a device for generating and analyzing sound waves, particularly for applications in medical imaging, non-destructive testing, or acoustic communication. The device addresses the challenge of improving the resolution and accuracy of sound wave-based systems by incorporating frequency modulation into the generated sound waves. Frequency modulation allows for enhanced signal differentiation and noise reduction, leading to clearer and more precise data acquisition. The device includes a sound wave generator configured to produce sound waves with adjustable frequency modulation. This modulation can be dynamically controlled to optimize performance based on environmental conditions or specific application requirements. The device also features a receiver or sensor array to capture the modulated sound waves, which are then processed to extract meaningful information. The processing may involve demodulation techniques to reconstruct the original signal while mitigating interference and distortion. Additionally, the device may include calibration mechanisms to ensure consistent frequency modulation across different operating conditions. This ensures reliable performance in varying environments, such as underwater, industrial, or medical settings. The frequency modulation can be applied in a continuous or pulsed manner, depending on the application, to balance between resolution and energy efficiency. The overall system is designed to provide high-fidelity sound wave transmission and reception, improving the accuracy of measurements or imaging tasks.
33. The device of claim 30 , wherein the device is operable to generate an output signal in response to the sound waves across a frequency range of about 20 kHz to 10 MHz.
This invention relates to a device for detecting and processing sound waves, particularly in the high-frequency range. The device is designed to address challenges in accurately capturing and analyzing sound waves across a broad frequency spectrum, which is critical in applications such as medical imaging, industrial inspections, and acoustic monitoring. The device includes a transducer or sensor capable of converting sound waves into electrical signals. A key feature is its ability to generate an output signal in response to sound waves across a frequency range of approximately 20 kHz to 10 MHz. This wide operational range allows the device to detect both audible and ultrasonic frequencies, enabling applications that require high-resolution sound analysis. The device may also incorporate signal processing components to enhance the accuracy and clarity of the detected signals, ensuring reliable performance in diverse environments. The invention improves upon existing systems by extending the detectable frequency range and optimizing signal generation for precise measurements. This capability is particularly valuable in fields where high-frequency sound waves are used for diagnostics, material testing, or environmental monitoring.
34. The device of claim 30 , wherein the device is operable to generate an output signal in response to the sound waves across a frequency range of about 200 kHz to 10 MHz.
This invention relates to a device for detecting and processing sound waves, particularly in the high-frequency range. The device is designed to address challenges in accurately capturing and analyzing sound waves within a specific frequency spectrum, which is critical for applications such as medical imaging, industrial inspections, and non-destructive testing. The device includes a transducer or sensor capable of converting sound waves into electrical signals, along with processing circuitry to interpret these signals. A key feature is the device's ability to generate an output signal in response to sound waves across a broad frequency range, specifically from about 200 kHz to 10 MHz. This wide operational range allows the device to detect both low and high-frequency sound waves, enhancing its versatility in various applications. The device may also include filtering mechanisms to isolate relevant frequency components and improve signal clarity. By operating within this frequency range, the device can effectively capture high-resolution acoustic data, which is essential for applications requiring precise sound wave analysis, such as ultrasound imaging or material defect detection. The invention ensures reliable performance across the specified frequency spectrum, addressing limitations of conventional devices that may struggle with either low or high-frequency sound waves.
35. The device of claim 30 , wherein the receiver further comprises: a circuit associated with the first electrode, wherein the circuit is operable to measure a velocity of vibration of the membrane, wherein the vibration is caused by the sound waves.
This invention relates to a device for measuring sound waves, specifically by detecting the velocity of vibration in a membrane caused by those sound waves. The device includes a receiver with a first electrode positioned to interact with the membrane. A circuit connected to the first electrode measures the velocity of the membrane's vibration, which is directly influenced by the sound waves. The membrane's movement generates an electrical signal proportional to the vibration velocity, allowing the circuit to quantify the sound wave characteristics. This approach improves accuracy in sound detection by directly measuring vibration velocity rather than indirect methods like pressure or displacement. The device may be part of a larger system for audio processing, medical diagnostics, or environmental monitoring, where precise sound wave analysis is critical. The circuit's design ensures high sensitivity and low noise, enhancing the reliability of the measurements. The invention addresses challenges in traditional sound measurement techniques, such as distortion or limited frequency response, by focusing on the dynamic response of the membrane. This method provides a more direct and accurate representation of sound wave properties, making it suitable for applications requiring high-fidelity sound analysis.
36. The device of claim 35 , wherein the circuit comprises an amplifier, and wherein the amplifier comprises a low noise operational amplifier.
A device for signal processing includes a circuit configured to receive and process an input signal. The circuit includes an amplifier, which is specifically a low noise operational amplifier. The low noise operational amplifier is designed to minimize noise interference in the signal processing path, ensuring high-fidelity amplification of the input signal. This configuration is particularly useful in applications requiring precise signal amplification with minimal distortion, such as in medical devices, scientific instruments, or high-precision measurement systems. The low noise operational amplifier reduces thermal and electronic noise, improving signal integrity and accuracy. The device may also include additional components, such as filters or analog-to-digital converters, to further refine the processed signal. The overall design focuses on enhancing signal quality while maintaining operational stability and reliability.
37. The device of claim 35 , wherein the circuit comprises a resistor, and wherein the resistor has a resistance of about 1 megaohm to 10000 megaohms.
A high-resistance circuit is used in electronic devices to control current flow, particularly in applications requiring precise current limitation or signal conditioning. The circuit includes a resistor with a resistance value ranging from approximately 1 megaohm to 10,000 megaohms. This resistance range is selected to ensure stable operation in low-current or high-impedance applications, such as sensor interfaces, analog signal processing, or protection circuits. The resistor may be used in conjunction with other components, such as transistors or operational amplifiers, to regulate current or voltage levels. The high resistance value minimizes current leakage and ensures accurate signal transmission in sensitive electronic systems. This design is particularly useful in medical devices, precision instrumentation, or any system where low-power consumption and high-impedance matching are critical. The resistor's resistance range is optimized to balance performance and power efficiency while maintaining signal integrity.
38. The device of claim 35 , wherein the circuit comprises a voltage source, and wherein the voltage source is operable to apply a voltage of about 20 volts to 1000 volts to the membrane.
This invention relates to a device for manipulating a membrane, such as in microfluidic or lab-on-a-chip systems, where precise control of membrane deformation or movement is required. The problem addressed is the need for an efficient and controllable method to apply electrical forces to a membrane without damaging it, ensuring reliable operation in applications like fluid pumping, valve actuation, or sensor modulation. The device includes a circuit designed to interact with a membrane, where the circuit incorporates a voltage source capable of applying a voltage ranging from approximately 20 volts to 1000 volts across the membrane. This voltage range allows for adjustable control over the membrane's deformation or movement, depending on the material properties and desired application. The circuit may also include additional components, such as resistors, capacitors, or switches, to regulate the voltage or current applied to the membrane, ensuring safe and precise operation. The membrane itself may be part of a larger system, such as a microfluidic channel or a flexible substrate, where controlled deformation is necessary for fluid manipulation or sensing. The voltage application can induce electrostatic forces, electroosmotic flow, or other effects to achieve the desired membrane behavior. This approach enables dynamic and reversible membrane actuation, making it suitable for applications requiring precise fluid control or mechanical modulation.
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January 12, 2021
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