Apparatus and Method for Interference Minimization in Body Area Networks Using Low Duty Cycle and Preamble Design

1. A device for use in a body area network capable of low power communications, the device comprising: a controller configured to couple to at least one secondary device, the device and at least one secondary device coupled in a first piconet; and a transmitter configured to communicate with the at least one secondary device via a wireless communication channel, wherein the controller is configured to perform an interference mitigation technique, the interference mitigation technique comprising: selecting a preamble sequence of a plurality of preamble sequences designed to operate under interference, wherein the transmitter is configured to perform a low duty cycling operation on the selected preamble sequence.

2. The device as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the wireless communication channel is an ultra-wide band communication.

3. The device as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the preamble sequences are configured to enable at least five piconets to operate within a close proximity and using a same frequency band.

4. The device as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the preamble sequences are based on one of a number of Kasami short sequences.

5. The device as set forth in claim 4 , wherein the number of Kasami short sequences comprise: a first sequence defined as: 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0; a second sequence defined as: 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0; a third sequence defined as: 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1; a forth sequence defined as: 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0; a fifth sequence defined as: 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0; a sixth sequence defined as: 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1; a seventh sequence defined as: 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1; and an eighth sequence defined as: 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1.

6. The device as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the low duty cycling operation comprises: in a physical layer, on-off keying within a symbol; and in a media access control layer, on-off keying across packets.

7. The device as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to: detect additional piconets during idle periods of operation; inform a MAC layer regarding a number of detected additional piconets; and adjust at least one of: a low duty cycle of the transmitter, and a data rate of the transmitter.

8. The device as set forth in claim 7 , wherein the controller is configured to one of: lower the at least one of the low duty cycle and the data rate when the number of detected additional piconets has increased; and increase the at least one of the low duty cycle and the data rate when the number of detected additional piconets has decreased.

9. The device as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the controller further is configured to perform at least one of: adding a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code in a header of a communication from the transmitter to the at least one secondary device, wherein the CRC is masked with a preamble identifier; adding an offset value to a scrambler seed code in the header; and explicitly signaling the preamble identifier in the header.

10. An apparatus for use in a body area network comprising a plurality of devices capable of low power communications, the apparatus comprising: a processor configured to pair a first device with least one secondary device, wherein the first device and at least one secondary device are paired in a first piconet; and an interface adapted to couple the processor to a transceiver configured to communicate with the at least one secondary device via a wireless communication channel, wherein the processor is configured to perform an interference mitigation technique, and wherein the interference mitigation technique comprises: selecting a preamble sequence of a plurality of preamble sequences designed to operate under interference; and perform a low duty cycling operation on the selected preamble sequence.

11. The apparatus as set forth in claim 10 , wherein the wireless communication channel is an ultra-wide band communication.

12. The apparatus as set forth in claim 10 , wherein the preamble sequences are configured to enable at least five piconets to operate within a close proximity and using a same frequency band.

13. For use in a body area network capable of low power communications, a method of operating a piconet, the method comprising: communicating, by a central device, with at least one paired device in the piconet; operating in close proximity with a second device located in at least one adjacent piconet, the piconet and the adjacent piconet sharing a same frequency and same time; and performing an interference mitigation technique configured to reduce a probability that communications in the adjacent piconet will interfere with communications in the piconet, wherein the interference mitigation technique comprises selecting a preamble sequence of a plurality of preamble sequences designed to operate under interference, and performing a low duty cycling operation on selected preamble sequence of the plurality sequences.

14. The method as set forth in claim 13 , wherein the at least one preamble sequence is configured to enable at least five piconets to operate within a close proximity and using a same frequency band.

15. The method as set forth in claim 13 , wherein the low duty cycling operation comprises: in a physical layer, on-off keying within a symbol; and in a media access control layer, on-off keying across packets.

16. The method as set forth in claim 13 , further comprising detecting additional adjacent piconets during idle periods of operation.

17. The method as set forth in claim 16 , further comprising changing a preamble search pattern to detect preambles corresponding to the additional adjacent piconets.

18. The method as set forth in claim 16 , further comprising, in response to detecting at least one additional adjacent piconet, adjusting at least one of: a low duty cycle operation and a data rate.

19. The method as set forth in claim 18 , wherein adjusting the at least one of the low duty cycle operation and the data rate comprises one of: lowering the at least one of the low duty cycle and the data rate when a number of detected additional piconets increases; and increasing the at least one of the low duty cycle and the data rate when the number of detected additional piconets has decreased.

20. The method as set forth in claim 13 , further comprising reducing, by the central device, an error recovery speed by at least one of: adding a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code in a header of a communication from the transmitter to the at least one secondary device, wherein the CRC is masked with a preamble identifier; adding an offset value to a scrambler seed code in the header; and explicitly signaling the preamble identifier in the header.