Legal claims defining the scope of protection. Each claim is shown in both the original legal language and a plain English translation.
1. A circuit for a wideband electrical balance duplexer (EBD), the circuit comprising: a first impedance element coupled between a first and a second node of a bridge circuit; a second impedance element coupled between the second and a third node of the bridge circuit; an antenna configured to receive and transmit RF signals, the antenna being coupled between the first and a fourth node of the bridge circuit; and a balancing network configured to provide an impedance that substantially matches an impedance of the antenna, the balancing network being coupled between the third and the fourth node of the bridge circuit, wherein a) at least one of the first or the second impedance elements are configured to facilitate balancing the bridge circuit, b) one or more output nodes of a transmit (TX) path are coupled to an input node of the bridge circuit, and c) one or more input nodes of a receive (RX) path are coupled between the second and the fourth node of the bridge circuit.
A wideband electrical balance duplexer (EBD) circuit uses a bridge circuit with four nodes. A first impedance element connects the first and second nodes, and a second impedance element connects the second and third nodes. An antenna, for transmitting and receiving RF signals, is connected between the first and fourth nodes. A balancing network, which provides an impedance matching the antenna's impedance, is connected between the third and fourth nodes. The first or second impedance elements balance the bridge. A transmit (TX) path's output connects to an input node of the bridge circuit. A receive (RX) path's input connects between the second and fourth nodes of the bridge circuit.
2. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein: a) balancing the bridge circuit comprises providing substantially identical signals at the second and the fourth node of the bridge circuit, b) the identical signals comprise at least one of a voltage or a current signal, c) the input nodes of the RX path comprises one or more input nodes of at least one low noise amplifier (LNA) of an RF transceiver, and d) the LNA comprises a differential LNA.
The wideband electrical balance duplexer (EBD) circuit from the previous description balances the bridge circuit by creating substantially identical voltage or current signals at the second and fourth nodes. The receive (RX) path's input uses one or more inputs of a low noise amplifier (LNA) within an RF transceiver. The LNA is a differential LNA, which means it amplifies the difference between two input signals for improved noise performance.
3. The circuit of claim 2 , wherein the LNA is a single-ended LNA that is coupled to the balanced bridge circuit via a transformer.
The wideband electrical balance duplexer (EBD) circuit, using a bridge circuit balanced with identical signals at two nodes and feeding a receive path with a low noise amplifier (LNA) from an RF transceiver, uses a *single-ended* LNA (amplifying only one input signal). A transformer is used to connect this single-ended LNA to the balanced bridge circuit, adapting impedance and signal characteristics.
4. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein: a) the one or more output nodes of the TX path comprise one or more output nodes of at least one power amplifier (PA) of an RF transceiver, b) the input node of the bridge circuit comprises the first node, and c) the third node of the bridge circuit is coupled to ground potential.
The wideband electrical balance duplexer (EBD) circuit described previously has the transmit (TX) path output connected from a power amplifier (PA) of an RF transceiver to the first node of the bridge circuit. The third node of the bridge circuit is connected to ground potential, providing a stable reference. An antenna is connected to the circuit for RF signal transmission and reception. The circuit uses a balancing network to match antenna impedance.
5. The circuit of claim 4 , wherein the antenna is coupled to the bridge circuit using a transformer.
The wideband electrical balance duplexer (EBD) circuit connects the antenna to the first and fourth nodes of the bridge circuit, with a transmit path connected to the first node from a power amplifier and the third node connected to ground, uses a *transformer* to connect the antenna to the bridge circuit. This allows for impedance matching and potentially improved signal transfer between the antenna and the bridge.
6. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein a) the input node of the bridge circuit comprises the third node, and b) the first node of the bridge circuit is coupled to ground potential.
The wideband electrical balance duplexer (EBD) circuit described previously has the transmit path output (for example, from a power amplifier) connected to the *third* node of the bridge circuit. The *first* node of the bridge circuit is connected to ground potential. The circuit still uses a balancing network matched to the antenna impedance and a receive path connected between the second and fourth nodes.
7. The circuit of claim 6 , wherein the antenna is configured to provide a voltage signal between the first node and the fourth node of the bridge circuit.
The wideband electrical balance duplexer (EBD) circuit, with the transmit path input at the third node and the first node grounded, is designed so that the antenna provides a voltage signal between the first and fourth nodes of the bridge circuit. The antenna, connected between the first and fourth nodes, generates a voltage difference used by the circuit for signal processing and RF signal transmission and reception.
8. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein the bridge circuit is configured to isolate the one or more output nodes of the TX path from the one or more input nodes of the RX path, and wherein the bridge circuit is configured to substantially reduce a noise signal generated by an impedance associated with the antenna at the one or more input nodes of the RX path.
The wideband electrical balance duplexer (EBD) circuit isolates the transmit (TX) path's output from the receive (RX) path's input. The bridge circuit is configured to significantly reduce noise generated by the antenna's impedance at the receive (RX) path's input, improving the receiver's sensitivity by minimizing unwanted signals from the antenna itself.
9. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein: a) the balancing network comprises a plurality of passive elements, each selectable via a switch, b) the plurality of passive elements comprise capacitors and resistors, and c) the switch comprises a MOS switch.
In the wideband electrical balance duplexer (EBD) circuit, the balancing network uses multiple passive components (capacitors and resistors) selectable by a switch. Each passive element can be individually connected to the bridge, adjusting the balancing impedance. The switch is a MOS switch, allowing electronic control over which passive element is active.
10. A method of providing a wideband electrical balance duplexer (EBD), the method comprising: coupling a first impedance element between a first and a second node of a bridge circuit; coupling a second impedance element between the second and a third node of the bridge circuit; coupling an antenna between the first and a fourth node of the bridge circuit, the antenna being configured to transmit and receive RF signals; and coupling a balancing network between the third and the fourth node of the bridge circuit, the balancing network being configured to provide an impedance that substantially matches an impedance of the antenna, wherein a) at least one of the first or the second impedance elements are configured to facilitate balancing the bridge circuit, b) one or more output nodes of a transmit (TX) path are coupled to an input node of the bridge circuit, and c) one or more input nodes of a receive (RX) path are coupled between the second and the fourth node of the bridge circuit.
A method for creating a wideband electrical balance duplexer (EBD) involves connecting a first impedance between the first and second nodes of a bridge circuit, and a second impedance between the second and third nodes. An antenna is connected between the first and fourth nodes for transmitting and receiving RF signals. A balancing network that matches the antenna's impedance is connected between the third and fourth nodes. The first or second impedance elements balance the bridge. A transmit (TX) path's output is connected to an input of the bridge. A receive (RX) path's input is connected between the second and fourth nodes of the bridge.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein: a) balancing the bridge circuit comprises providing substantially identical signals at the second and the fourth node of the bridge circuit, b) the identical signals comprise at least one of a voltage or a current signal, c) the input nodes of the RX path comprises one or more input nodes of at least one low noise amplifier (LNA) of an RF transceiver, and d) the LNA comprises a differential LNA.
The method from the previous description, for providing a wideband electrical balance duplexer (EBD), balances the bridge by creating substantially identical voltage or current signals at the second and fourth nodes. The receive (RX) path input uses one or more inputs of a low noise amplifier (LNA) in an RF transceiver. The LNA is a differential LNA, amplifying the difference between two input signals.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the LNA is a single-ended LNA that is coupled to the balanced bridge circuit via a transformer.
The method for creating a wideband electrical balance duplexer (EBD), balancing the bridge circuit with identical signals at two nodes and feeding a receive path with a low noise amplifier (LNA) from an RF transceiver, uses a single-ended LNA (amplifying only one input signal). A transformer is used to connect this single-ended LNA to the balanced bridge circuit to adapt impedance and signal characteristics.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein: a) the one or more output nodes of the TX path comprise one or more output nodes of at least one power amplifier (PA) of the an RF transceiver, b) the input node of the bridge circuit comprises the first node, and c) the third node of the bridge circuit is coupled to ground potential.
In the method for providing a wideband electrical balance duplexer (EBD), the transmit (TX) path output, such as from a power amplifier (PA) of an RF transceiver, is connected to the first node of the bridge circuit. The third node of the bridge circuit is connected to ground potential. This provides a stable reference point in the circuit.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein coupling the antenna between the first and the fourth node of the bridge circuit comprises coupling the antenna to the bridge circuit by using a transformer.
In the method for providing a wideband electrical balance duplexer (EBD), where the transmit path is connected to the first node, the third node is grounded, and an antenna is connected between the first and fourth nodes, a *transformer* is used to connect the antenna to the bridge circuit. This facilitates impedance matching and enhances signal transfer between the antenna and the bridge.
15. The method of claim 10 , wherein a) the input node of the bridge circuit comprises the third node, and b) the first node of the bridge circuit is coupled to ground potential.
In the method for providing a wideband electrical balance duplexer (EBD), the transmit path output (e.g., from a power amplifier) is connected to the *third* node of the bridge circuit. The *first* node of the bridge circuit is connected to ground potential, providing a different configuration option.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the antenna is configured to provide a voltage signal between the first node and the fourth node of the bridge circuit.
In the method for creating a wideband electrical balance duplexer (EBD), where the transmit path input is at the third node and the first node is grounded, the antenna is configured to provide a voltage signal between the first and fourth nodes of the bridge circuit. The antenna, connected in this way, generates a voltage differential that the circuit uses.
17. The method of claim 10 , further comprising configuring the bridge circuit to isolate the one or more output nodes of the TX path from the one or more input nodes of the RX path, and wherein the bridge circuit is configured to substantially reduce a noise signal generated by an impedance associated with the antenna at the one or more input nodes of the RX path.
The method of providing a wideband electrical balance duplexer (EBD) further involves configuring the bridge circuit to isolate the transmit (TX) path output from the receive (RX) path input. The bridge circuit is also configured to significantly reduce noise from the antenna's impedance at the receive (RX) path input.
18. The method of claim 10 , wherein: a) coupling the balancing network between the third and the fourth node of the bridge circuit comprises coupling a plurality of passive elements between the third and the fourth node of the bridge circuit, each passive element being selectable via a switch, b) the plurality of passive elements comprise capacitors and resistors, and c) the switch comprises a MOS switch.
The method for creating a wideband electrical balance duplexer (EBD), with a balancing network between the third and fourth nodes, involves connecting multiple passive components (capacitors and resistors) between these nodes. Each passive component is selectable via a switch, allowing impedance adjustments. The switch is a MOS switch, facilitating electronic control.
19. A transceiver, comprising: an antenna configured to transmit and receive RF signals; and a wideband electrical balance duplexer (EBD) circuit configured to isolate one or more output nodes of a TX path of the transceiver from one or more input nodes of an RX path of the transceiver, the wideband electrical balance duplexer comprising: a first impedance element coupled between a first and a second node of a bridge circuit; a second impedance element coupled between the second and a third node of the bridge circuit; and a balancing network configured to provide an impedance that substantially matches an impedance of the antenna, the balancing network being coupled between the third and a fourth node of the bridge circuit, wherein a) the antenna is coupled between the first and the fourth node of the bridge circuit, b) at least one of the first or the second impedance elements are configured to facilitate balancing the bridge circuit, c) one or more output nodes of the TX path is coupled to an input node of the bridge circuit, and d) one or more input nodes of the RX path are coupled between the second and the fourth node of the bridge circuit.
A transceiver includes an antenna for transmitting and receiving RF signals, and a wideband electrical balance duplexer (EBD) circuit. The EBD isolates the transmit (TX) path from the receive (RX) path. The EBD circuit includes a bridge circuit with a first impedance between the first and second nodes, a second impedance between the second and third nodes, and a balancing network between the third and fourth nodes matching the antenna's impedance. The antenna is connected between the first and fourth nodes. The first/second impedances balance the bridge, the TX path connects to an input node, and the RX path connects between the second/fourth nodes.
20. The transceiver of claim 19 , wherein, a) balancing the bridge circuit comprises providing substantially identical signals at the second and the fourth node of the bridge circuit, b) the identical signals comprise at least one of a voltage or a current signal, c) the input nodes of the RX path comprises one or more input nodes of at least one low noise amplifier (LNA), including a differential LNA, d) the one or more output nodes of the TX path comprise one or more output nodes of at least one power amplifier (PA), and e) the bridge circuit is configured to substantially reduce a noise signal generated by an impedance associated with the antenna at the one or more input nodes of the RX path.
The transceiver, including an antenna and wideband electrical balance duplexer (EBD) isolates TX and RX paths, balances the bridge circuit by providing substantially identical voltage or current signals at the second and fourth nodes. The receive (RX) path input utilizes a low noise amplifier (LNA), including a differential LNA, and the transmit (TX) path output connects from a power amplifier (PA). The bridge circuit is configured to significantly reduce noise generated by the antenna's impedance at the receive (RX) path input.
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September 9, 2014
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