Method and Apparatus for Limiting a Number of Mobile Devices That Can Contend for a Time Slot in a Wireless Network

1. A wireless device comprising: a selection module configured to select a first discovery window from a plurality of discovery windows in which to transmit a discovery frame, wherein a discovery window is a time period in which (i) the wireless device and (ii) one or more wireless devices in a network are configured to transmit discovery frames to discover a service in the network prior to associating with each other, wherein the discovery frame includes (i) a publish message to make information about capabilities and services of the wireless device available to other devices or (ii) a subscribe message to gather information about capabilities and services of other devices; a transmit module configured to attempt to transmit the discovery frame in the first discovery window; and a back off module configured to back off for one or more of the plurality of discovery windows subsequent to the first discovery window in response to the transmit module being unable to transmit the discovery frame in the first discovery window, wherein, in response to the transmit module being unable to transmit the discovery frame in the first discovery window, the transmit module is configured to attempt to transmit the discovery frame in a second discovery window following the backing off of the one or more of the plurality of discovery windows, and include, in the discovery frame transmitted in the second discovery window, a count representing a number of the one or more of the plurality of discovery windows, wherein the count indicates of a level of congestion in the network, and wherein in response to receiving the discovery frame, the one or more wireless devices in the network adjust respective back off times based on the count to reduce the level of congestion in the network.

2. The wireless device of claim 1 , wherein the back off module is configured to select the one or more of the plurality of discovery windows using a linear function, an exponential function, or a pseudorandom function.

3. The wireless device of claim 1 , wherein the transmit module is configured to: transmit the discovery frame in a first channel; and transmit an indication of one or more of (i) a time or (ii) a second channel where the wireless device is configured to become available to communicate subsequent to transmitting the discovery frame, wherein the second channel is different from the first channel.

4. The wireless device of claim 3 , wherein the first channel and the second channel are in the same frequency band.

5. The wireless device of claim 3 , wherein the first channel and the second channel are in different frequency bands.

6. The wireless device of claim 1 , wherein the transmit module is configured to transmit information about the service in the discovery frame in response to the one or more wireless devices transmitting a request for the information about the service.

7. The wireless device of claim 1 , wherein the transmit module is configured to (i) transmit information about the service in the discovery frame or (ii) transmit a request for the information in the discovery frame.

8. The wireless device of claim 1 , further comprising: a receive module configured to receive one or more synchronization frames from the one or more wireless devices; and a timing module configured to determine a timing of the plurality of discovery windows based on the one or more synchronization frames received from the one or more wireless devices.

9. The wireless device of claim 1 , further comprising: a power saving module configured to transition the wireless device from an active mode to a power save mode during the one or more of the plurality of discovery windows; and a wake up module configured to transition the wireless device from the power save mode to the active mode prior to the second discovery window.

10. The wireless device of claim 1 , wherein the transmit module is configured to transmit the discovery frame as (i) a multicast frame to the one or more wireless devices or (ii) a unicast frame to a first wireless device of the one or more wireless devices.

11. A method comprising: selecting a first discovery window from a plurality of discovery windows in which to transmit a discovery frame from a wireless device, wherein a discovery window is a time period in which (i) the wireless device and (ii) one or more wireless devices in a network are configured to transmit discovery frames to discover a service in the network prior to associating with each other, wherein the discovery frame includes (i) a publish message to make information about capabilities and services of the wireless device available to other devices or (ii) a subscribe message to gather information about capabilities and services of other devices; attempting to transmit the discovery frame in the first discovery window; backing off for one or more of the plurality of discovery windows subsequent to the first discovery window in response to being unable to transmit the discovery frame in the first discovery window; in response to being unable to transmit the discovery frame in the first discovery window, (i) attempting to transmit the discovery frame in a second discovery window following the backing off of the one or more of the plurality of discovery windows, and (ii) including, in the discovery frame transmitted in the second discovery window, a count representing a number of the one or more of the plurality of discovery windows, wherein the count indicates of a level of congestion in the network; and in response to receiving the discovery frame, adjusting respective back off times of the one or more wireless devices in the network based on the count to reduce the level of congestion in the network.

12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising selecting the one or more of the plurality of discovery windows using a linear function, an exponential function, or a pseudorandom function.

13. The method of claim 11 , further comprising: transmitting the discovery frame in a first channel; and transmitting an indication of one or more of (i) a time or (ii) a second channel where the wireless device is configured to become available to communicate subsequent to transmitting the discovery frame, wherein the second channel is different from the first channel.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the first channel and the second channel are in the same frequency band.

15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the first channel and the second channel are in different frequency bands.

16. The method of claim 11 , further comprising transmitting information about the service in the discovery frame in response to the one or more wireless devices transmitting a request for the information about the service.

17. The method of claim 11 , further comprising: transmitting information about the service in the discovery frame; or transmitting a request for the information in the discovery frame.

18. The method of claim 11 , further comprising: receiving one or more synchronization frames from the one or more wireless devices; and determining a timing of the plurality of discovery windows based on the one or more synchronization frames received from the one or more wireless devices.

19. The method of claim 11 , further comprising: transitioning the wireless device from an active mode to a power save mode during the one or more of the plurality of discovery windows; and transitioning the wireless device from the power save mode to the active mode prior to the second discovery window.

20. The method of claim 11 , further comprising transmitting the discovery frame as (i) a multicast frame to the one or more wireless devices or (ii) a unicast frame to a first wireless device of the one or more wireless devices.