Method, Memory Controller, and Memory System for Reading Data Stored in Flash Memory

1. A method for reading data stored in a flash memory, comprising: selecting an initial gate voltage combination from a plurality of predetermined gate voltage combination options; controlling a plurality of memory units in the flash memory according to the initial gate voltage combination, and reading a plurality of bit sequences; performing a codeword error correction operation upon the plurality of bit sequences, and determining whether the codeword error correction operation performed upon the plurality of bit sequences is successful; when the codeword error correction operation performed upon the plurality of bit sequences is not successful, determining an electric charge distribution parameter corresponding to the initial gate voltage combination; determining a target gate voltage combination corresponding to the electric charge distribution parameter according a look-up table (LUT), wherein the target gate voltage combination comprises a plurality of threshold voltage levels; and controlling the plurality of memory units according to the target gate voltage combination, to read a plurality of updated bit sequences.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of determining the target gate voltage combination corresponding to the electric charge distribution parameter according the LUT comprises: determining whether the LUT comprises the electric charge distribution parameter and the target gate voltage combination corresponding to the electric charge distribution parameter; and when the LUT comprises the electric charge distribution parameter and the target gate voltage combination corresponding to the electric charge distribution parameter, reading the target gate voltage combination corresponding to the electric charge distribution parameter according to the electric charge distribution parameter.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the step of determining the target gate voltage combination corresponding to the electric charge distribution parameter according to the LUT further comprises: when the LUT does not comprise the electric charge distribution parameter and the target gate voltage combination corresponding to the electric charge distribution parameter, sequentially utilizing other predetermined gate voltage combinations, other than the initial gate voltage combination in the plurality of predetermined gate voltage combination options, to control the plurality of memory units in the flash memory; sequentially reading a plurality of other bit sequences corresponding to the other predetermined gate voltage combinations; sequentially performing the codeword error correction operation upon the plurality of other bit sequences until the codeword error correction operation performed upon the plurality of other bit sequences is successful; and setting other predetermined gate voltage combination corresponding to the successful codeword error correction operation performed upon the plurality of other bit sequences as the target gate voltage combination corresponding to the electric charge distribution parameter; and writing the electric charge distribution parameter and the target gate voltage combination corresponding to the electric charge distribution parameter into the LUT.

4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: performing the codeword error correction operation upon the plurality of updated bit sequences, and determining whether the codeword error correction operation performed upon the plurality of updated bit sequences is successful; when the codeword error correction operation performed upon the plurality of updated bit sequences is not successful, sequentially utilizing other predetermined gate voltage combinations, other than the initial gate voltage combination and the target gate voltage combination in the plurality of predetermined gate voltage combination options, to control the plurality of memory units in the flash memory; sequentially reading a plurality of other bit sequences corresponding to the other predetermined gate voltage combinations; sequentially performing the codeword error correction operation upon the plurality of bit sequences until the codeword error correction operation performed upon the plurality of other bit sequences is successful; and setting other predetermined gate voltage combination corresponding to the successful codeword error correction performed upon the plurality of other bit sequences as an updated target gate voltage combination corresponding to the electric charge distribution parameter; and utilizing the updated target gate voltage combination to update the target gate voltage combination corresponding to the electric charge distribution parameter in the LUT.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electric charge distribution parameter is a syndrome-weight generated after the codeword error correction operation is performed.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of controlling the plurality of memory units in the flash memory according to the initial gate voltage combination and reading the plurality of bit sequences further comprises: reading soft information corresponding to the initial gate voltage combination.

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the step of determining the electric charge distribution parameter corresponding to the initial gate voltage combination comprises: obtaining the electric charge distribution parameter according to the soft information.

8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the step of obtaining the electric charge distribution parameter according to the soft information comprises: determining a number of bit sequences in the plurality of bit sequences that correspond to a weakest bit according to the soft information; and setting the number as the electric charge distribution parameter.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of determining the electric charge distribution parameter corresponding to the initial gate voltage combination comprises: adjusting the initial gate voltage combination to generate an adjusted gate voltage combination; utilizing the adjusted gate voltage combination to control the plurality of memory units in the flash memory, and reading a plurality of adjusted bit sequences; and determining the electric charge distribution parameter according to the plurality of bit sequences and the plurality of adjusted bit sequences.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the step of determining the electric charge distribution parameter according to the plurality of bit sequences and the plurality of adjusted bit sequences comprises: comparing the plurality of bit sequences with the plurality of adjusted bit sequences, to determine a bit value variation amount between the plurality of bit sequences and the plurality of adjusted bit sequences; and setting the bit value variation amount as the electric charge distribution parameter.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the bit value variation amount is a number of bits each changed from 1 to 0 or from 0 to 1.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of memory units is a multilevel cell (MLC) storage unit.

13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the codeword error correction is a low density parity-check (LDPC) operation.