Detection of Insulin Resistance, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease and Autonomic Neuropathy

1. A system for detecting insulin resistance, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and/or autonomic neuropathy in a patient, the system comprising: one or more sensors coupled with the patient, the sensors configured for measuring a photoplethysmogram (PTG) and galvanic skin response from the patient; a processor communicatively coupled with the one or more sensors, the processor configured for: a) executing a spectral analysis on the PTG using Fast Fourier Transform, thereby generating three constituent frequencies: PTG high frequency (PTGHF), PTG low frequency (PTGLF) and PTG very low frequency (PTGVLF) based on the PTG; b) calculating PTG Total Power (PTGTP) as the sum of PTGHF, PTGLF, and PTGVLF; c) calculating PTG index (PTGi) of the spectral analysis as a sum of amplitudes of the PTGHF, PTGLF, and PTGVLF; d) calculating PTG VLF index (PTGVLFi) of the spectral analysis as PTGVLF divided by a value derived from the galvanic skin response; e) calculating PTG ratio (PTGr) of the spectral analysis as PTGVLF divided by PTGi; f) comparing the PTGi, PTGVLFi, and PTGr of the patient to stored clinical data; g) calculating a PTG cardiovascular risk score based on the comparison of the PTGi, PTGVLFi, and PTGr of the patient to the stored clinical data; and h) comparing PTGTP, PTGi and PTGVLFi to predefined values that correspond to certain diseases, including insulin resistance, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and autonomic neuropathy; and a display for displaying the PTG cardiovascular risk score and said certain diseases that correspond to predefined values that match the PTGTP and PTGi and PTGVLFi.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the stored clinical data is received via a communications network communicatively coupled with the processor.

3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the one or more sensors includes a pulse oximeter for measuring a PTG.

4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the one or more sensors includes a galvanic skin response device for measuring galvanic skin response.

5. The system of claim 2 , wherein the predefined values that correspond to certain diseases are received via the communications network.

6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the one or more sensors includes a pulse oximeter for measuring a PTG.

7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the one or more sensors includes a galvanic skin response device for measuring galvanic skin response.

8. The system of claim 7 , wherein the step of comparing PTGTP, PTGi and PTGVLFi to predefined values comprises determining whether PTGTP is greater than a predefined value of 370 ms 2 , and if so, said PTGTP corresponds to insulin resistance.

9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the step of comparing PTGTP, PTGi and PTGVLFi to predefined values comprises determining whether PTGi is lower than a predefined value of 40, and if so, said PTGi corresponds to diabetes with high risk of cardiovascular disease.

10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the step of comparing PTGTP, PTGi and PTGVLFi to predefined values comprises determining whether PTGVLFi is greater than a predefined value of 33, and if so, said PTGVLFi corresponds to diabetes with a high risk of autonomic neuropathy.

11. A method for detecting insulin resistance, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and/or autonomic neuropathy in a patient, the method comprising: a) receiving, from one or more sensors coupled with the patient, a photoplethysmogram (PTG) and galvanic skin response from the patient; b) executing a spectral analysis on the PTG using Fast Fourier Transform, thereby generating three constituent frequencies: PTG high frequency (PTGHF), PTG low frequency (PTGLF) and PTG very low frequency (PTGVLF) based on the PTG; c) calculating PTG Total Power (PTGTP) as the sum of PTGHF, PTGLF, and PTGVLF; d) calculating PTG index (PTGi) of the spectral analysis as a sum of amplitudes of the PTGHF, PTGLF, and PTGVLF; e) calculating PTG VLF index (PTGVLFi) of the spectral analysis as PTGVLF divided by a value derived from the galvanic skin response; f) calculating PTG ratio (PTGr) of the spectral analysis as PTGVLF divided by PTGi; g) comparing the PTGi, PTGVLFi, and PTGr of the patient to stored clinical data; h) calculating a PTG cardiovascular risk score based on the comparison of the PTGi, PTGVLFi, and PTGr of the patient to the stored clinical data; i) comparing PTGTP, PTGi and PTGVLFi to predefined values that correspond to certain diseases, including insulin resistance, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and autonomic neuropathy; and j) displaying the PTG cardiovascular risk score and said certain diseases that correspond to predefined values that match the PTGTP and PTGi and PTGVLFi.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the stored clinical data is received via a communications network communicatively coupled with the processor.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the one or more sensors includes a pulse oximeter for measuring a PTG.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the one or more sensors includes a galvanic skin response device for measuring galvanic skin response.

15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the predefined values that correspond to certain diseases are received via the communications network.

16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the one or more sensors includes a pulse oximeter for measuring a PTG.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the one or more sensors includes a galvanic skin response device for measuring galvanic skin response.

18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the step of comparing PTGTP, PTGi and PTGVLFi to predefined values comprises determining whether PTGTP is greater than a predefined value of 370 ms2, and if so, said PTGTP corresponds to insulin resistance.

19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the step of comparing PTGTP, PTGi and PTGVLFi to predefined values comprises determining whether PTGi is lower than a predefined value of 40, and if so, said PTGi corresponds to diabetes with high risk of cardiovascular disease.

20. A system for detecting insulin resistance, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and/or autonomic neuropathy in a patient, the system comprising: one or more sensors coupled with the patient, the sensors configured for measuring a photoplethysmogram (PTG) and galvanic skin response from the patient; a processor communicatively coupled with the one or more sensors, the processor configured for: a) executing a spectral analysis on the PTG using Fast Fourier Transform, thereby generating three constituent frequencies: PTG high frequency (PTGHF), PTG low frequency (PTGLF) and PTG very low frequency (PTGVLF) based on the PTG; b) calculating PTG Total Power (PTGTP) as the sum of PTGHF, PTGLF, and PTGVLF; c) calculating PTG index (PTGi) of the spectral analysis as a sum of amplitudes of the PTGHF, PTGLF, and PTGVLF; d) calculating PTG VLF index (PTGVLFi) of the spectral analysis as PTGVLF divided by a value derived from the galvanic skin response; e) calculating PTG ratio (PTGr) of the spectral analysis as PTGVLF divided by PTGi; f) comparing the PTGi, PTGVLFi, and PTGr of the patient to stored clinical data, and assigning each of PTGi, PTGVLFi, and PTGr a value indicating a result of said comparing; g) calculating a PTG cardiovascular risk score as a sum of the values assigned to each of PTGi, PTGVLFi, and PTGr as a result of said comparing; and h) comparing PTGTP, PTGi and PTGVLFi to predefined values that correspond to certain diseases, including insulin resistance, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and autonomic neuropathy; and a display for displaying the PTG cardiovascular risk score and said certain diseases that correspond to predefined values that match the PTGTP and PTGi and PTGVLFi.