Minimizing Impedence Mismatch Effects in a Wireless Device

1. An apparatus comprising: a power amplifier; at least one variable impedance device electrically coupled to an output of the power amplifier; and at least one antenna electrically coupled to an output of the at least one variable impedance device, wherein optimized impedance characteristics of the at least one variable impedance device is varied based on variation of a supply voltage to the power amplifier and variation of impedance characteristics of the at least one antenna, wherein the variation of impedance characteristics of the at least one antenna cause a change in coefficients of a mapping function, and wherein an output of the mapping function comprises at least one control signal that controls the optimized impedance characteristics of the at least one variable impedance device as a function of the variation of the supply voltage to the power amplifier.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the optimized impedance characteristics of the at least one variable impedance device causes the apparatus to transmit wireless signals with minimal out-of-band transmission at an optimized efficiency of the power amplifier.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the coefficients of the mapping function are determined based on a comparison of out-of-band power and in-band power transmitted by the at least one antenna.

4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein: the apparatus is configured to transmit through the at least one antenna a wireless signal within a predetermined frequency spectrum; the in-band power transmitted by the at least one antenna represents transmission power of the wireless signal within the predetermined frequency spectrum; and the out-of-band power transmitted by the at least one antenna represents transmission power of the wireless signal outside of the predetermined frequency spectrum.

5. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the comparison of the out-of-band power and the in-band power transmitted by the at least one antenna represents impedance matching characteristics between the at least one antenna with the at least one variable impedance device and/or the power amplifier.

6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the variation of impedance characteristics of the at least one antenna is determined by measurement of out-of-band power compared with the in-band power transmitted by the at least one antenna.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the mapping function is represented by a polynomial sequence with the coefficients of the mapping function representing the weighting of the polynomial elements.

8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the polynomial sequence is a linear combination of orthogonal polynomials.

9. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the orthogonal polynomials are Hermite polynomials.

10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a variable of the mapping function is the difference between an instantaneous value of the supply voltage of the power amplifier and a long-term average of the supply voltage of the power amplifier.

11. The apparatus of claim 1 , herein the coefficients of the mapping function are determined by adaptive loops that vary the coefficients of the mapping function.

12. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the adaptive loops apply an orthogonal dither to dynamically determine the coefficients of the mapping function.

13. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one variable impedance device dynamically varies input impedance as seen by the power amplifier.

14. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the at least one variable impedance device dynamically varies output impedance as seen by the at least one antenna.

15. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein: the at least one variable impedance device dynamically varies input impedance as seen by the power amplifier; the at least one variable impedance device dynamically varies output impedance as seen by the at least one antenna; and the combination of the input impedance as seen by the power amplifier and the output impedance as seen by the at least one antenna are the optimized impedance characteristics of the at least one variable impedance device.

16. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus is at least one of a mobile device, cellular telephone, smart phones, tablet, laptop computer or other battery operated apparatus.

17. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus is a stationary device that operates without a battery power source.

18. A method comprising: optimizing efficiency of a power amplifier by varying impedance characteristics of at least one variable impedance device based on variation of a supply voltage to the power amplifier and variation of impedance characteristics of at least one antenna, wherein: the at least one variable impedance device is electrically coupled to an output of the power amplifier; the at least one antenna is electrically coupled to an output of the at least one variable impedance device; the variation of impedance characteristics of the at least one antenna cause a change in coefficients of a mapping function; and an output of the mapping function comprises at least one control signal that controls the optimized impedance characteristics of the at least one variable impedance device as a function of the variation of the supply voltage to the power amplifier.

19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the optimized impedance characteristics of the at least one variable impedance device causes transmission of wireless signals with minimal out-of-band transmission at an optimized efficiency of the power amplifier.

20. The method of claim 18 , wherein the coefficients of the mapping function are determined based on a comparison of out-of-band power and in-band power transmitted by the at least one antenna.

21. The method of claim 20 , comprising transmitting through the at least one antenna a wireless signal within a predetermined frequency spectrum, wherein: the in-band power transmitted by the at least one antenna represents transmission power of the wireless signal within the predetermined frequency spectrum; and the out-of-band power transmitted by the at least one antenna represents transmission power of the wireless signal outside of the predetermined frequency spectrum.

22. The method of claim 20 , wherein the comparison of the out-of-band power and the in-band power transmitted by the at least one antenna represents impedance matching characteristics between the at least one antenna with the at least one variable impedance device and/or the power amplifier.

23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the variation of impedance characteristics of the at least one antenna is determined by measurement of out-of-band power compared with the in-band power transmitted by the at least one antenna.

24. The method of claim 18 , wherein the mapping function is represented by a polynomial sequence with the coefficients of the mapping function representing the weighting of the polynomial elements.

25. The method of claim 24 , wherein the polynomial sequence is a linear combination of orthogonal polynomials.

26. The method of claim 25 , wherein the orthogonal polynomials are Hermite polynomials.

27. The method of claim 18 , wherein a variable of the mapping function is the difference between an instantaneous value of the supply voltage of the power amplifier and a long-term average of the supply voltage of the power amplifier.

28. The method of claim 18 , wherein the coefficients of the mapping function are determined by adaptive loops that vary the coefficients of the mapping function.

29. The method of claim 28 , wherein the adaptive loops apply an orthogonal dither to dynamically determine the coefficients of the mapping function.

30. The method of claim 18 , wherein the at least one variable impedance device dynamically varies input impedance as seen by the power amplifier.

31. The method of claim 18 , wherein the at least one variable impedance device dynamically varies output impedance as seen by the at least one antenna.

32. The method of claim 18 , wherein: the at least one variable impedance device dynamically varies input impedance as seen by the power amplifier; the at least one variable impedance device dynamically varies output impedance as seen by the at least one antenna; and the combination of the input impedance as seen by the power amplifier and the output impedance as seen by the at least one antenna are the optimized impedance characteristics of the at least one variable impedance device.

33. The method of claim 18 , wherein the method is implemented in at least one of a mobile device, cellular telephone, smart phones, tablet, laptop computer, battery operated, or a stationary device that operates without a battery power source.