Optical pump beam control in a sensor system

1. A sensor system comprising: a cell system comprising a pump laser configured to generate a pump beam to polarize alkali metal vapor enclosed within a sensor cell; a detection system comprising a probe laser configured to generate a probe beam, the detection system being configured to calculate at least one measurable parameter based on characteristics of the probe beam passing through the sensor cell resulting from precession of the polarized alkali metal vapor in response to an applied magnetic field; and a pump beam control system configured to pulse-width modulate a frequency of the pump beam to provide a pulse-width modulated (PWM) pump beam, and to control a duty-cycle of the PWM pump beam based on the characteristics of the probe beam passing through the sensor cell in a feedback manner to control polarization uniformity of the alkali metal vapor and to mitigate the effects of AC Stark shift on the at least one measurable parameter.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pump beam control system is configured to control the duty-cycle in the feedback manner to maintain the duty-cycle at which the effects of the AC Stark shift are substantially equal and opposite with respect to a pulse-width modulation period of the PWM pump beam based on the characteristics of the probe beam passing through the sensor cell.

3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sensor system is configured as at least one of a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) gyroscope, an NMR magnetometer, and an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) magnetometer.

4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pump beam control system comprises a stabilization system configured to generate a current that is provided to the pump laser to set the frequency of the pump beam to each of a first frequency and a second frequency corresponding to the duty-cycle of the PWM pump beam, the stabilization controller comprising a PWM controller configured to control an amplitude of the current to set the duty-cycle of the PWM pump beam based on a Faraday rotation of the probe beam.

5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the pump laser is oriented to provide the PWM pump beam at an offset angle with respect to the applied magnetic field to generate an induced virtual magnetic field internal to the sensor cell that is substantially coplanar with the probe beam corresponding to the effects of the AC Stark shift, the induced virtual magnetic field providing the Faraday rotation of the probe beam to be approximately equal to the duty-cycle of the PWM pump beam.

6. The system of claim 4 , wherein the stabilization system is configured to control the duty-cycle of the PWM pump beam based on demodulating the Faraday rotation of the probe beam by the duty-cycle to substantially maintain the duty-cycle of the PWM pump beam at a duty-cycle at which the effects of the AC Stark shift are substantially at a time-averaged zero magnitude.

7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pump beam control system is configured to monitor an optical absorption of the PWM pump beam and to pulse-width modulate the frequency of the pump beam about a center frequency corresponding to an approximate maximum absorption of the PWM pump beam via the alkali metal vapor.

8. The system of claim 7 , wherein the cell system further comprises a cell temperature controller configured to set a temperature of the sensor cell via a feedback temperature control signal to substantially stabilize a time-averaged optical absorption of the PWM pump beam passing through the sensor cell based on the monitored optical absorption of the PWM pump beam.

9. The system of claim 7 , wherein the pump beam control system comprises a stabilization system configured to digitally adjust the duty-cycle of the PWM pump beam based on setting a number of clock pulses of the PWM pump beam in a first frequency and a number of clock pulses of the PWM pump beam in a second frequency relative to a fixed number of clock pulses of a pulse-width modulation period, wherein the first and second frequencies are substantially equal and opposite with respect to the center frequency.

10. A sensor system comprising: a cell system comprising a pump laser configured to generate a pump beam to polarize alkali metal vapor enclosed within a sensor cell and to facilitate precession of the alkali metal vapor in response to an applied magnetic field, the pump beam being provided through the sensor cell at an offset angle relative to the applied magnetic field; a detection system comprising a probe laser configured to generate a probe beam, the detection system being configured to calculate at least one measurable parameter based on characteristics of the probe beam passing through the sensor cell resulting from precession of the polarized alkali metal vapor in response to the applied magnetic field; and a pump beam control system configured to pulse-width modulate a frequency of the pump beam about a center frequency corresponding to an approximate maximum absorption of the pump beam via the alkali metal vapor to provide a pulse-width modulated (PWM) pump beam having a duty-cycle, to demodulate a detection beam corresponding to the probe beam exiting the sensor cell based on the duty-cycle, and to control the duty-cycle of the PWM pump beam based on the demodulated detection beam in a feedback manner to control polarization uniformity of the alkali metal vapor and to mitigate the effects of AC Stark shift on the at least one measurable parameter.

11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the pump beam control system is configured to control the duty-cycle in the feedback manner to maintain the duty-cycle at which the effects of the AC Stark shift are substantially equal and opposite with respect to a pulse-width modulation period of the PWM pump beam based on the characteristics of the probe beam passing through the sensor cell.

12. The system of claim 10 , wherein the pump beam control system comprises a stabilization system configured to generate a current that is provided to the pump laser to set the frequency of the pump beam between a first frequency and a second frequency corresponding to the duty-cycle of the PWM pump beam, the stabilization controller comprising a PWM controller configured to control an amplitude of the current to set the duty-cycle of the PWM pump beam based on a Faraday rotation of the probe beam, the first and second frequencies being approximately equal and opposite with respect to the center frequency.

13. The system of claim 10 , wherein the cell system further comprises a cell temperature controller configured to set a temperature of the sensor cell via a feedback temperature control signal to substantially stabilize a time-averaged optical absorption of the PWM pump beam passing through the sensor cell based on the monitored optical absorption of the PWM pump beam.

14. The system of claim 10 , wherein the pump beam control system comprises a stabilization system configured to digitally adjust the duty-cycle of the PWM pump beam based on setting a number of clock pulses of the PWM pump beam in a first frequency and a number of clock pulses of the PWM pump beam in a second frequency relative to a fixed number of clock pulses of a pulse-width modulation period, wherein the first and second frequencies are substantially equal and opposite with respect to the center frequency.