A Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE) passive vehicle access control system integrated into a vehicle and an external device to defend the system against relay attacks is provided. The system includes at least one of a motion detector, a microprocessor, or a barometric pressure sensor. The motion detector is configured to detect and distinguish various types of motion and vibration. The motion detector is further configured to distinguish between a true motion event and a false motion event. The microprocessor comprises a set of computer executable instructions including a TX power profiling is capable of modulating the transmitted (TX) power level to create at a receiving end of a communication having link in the vehicle a RX power level (RSS) profile that serves as an authentication. The barometric pressure sensor is configured to measure barometric pressure which ultimately translates the measured barometric pressure into altitude value and distinguish the altitude value of the vehicle and of the external device is either matched or different.
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1. A Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) passive vehicle access control system comprising: a wireless transceiver located in a vehicle; an external device configured to communicate with the wireless transceiver located in the vehicle; and a processor located in the external device; a barometric pressure sensor located in the external device, the barometric pressure sensor being configured to measure barometer pressure at the external device and send the measured barometric pressure to the wireless transceiver; wherein the processor located in the external device is configured to: modulate a transmitted (TX) power level of successive transmissions from the external device to the wireless transceiver in the vehicle using a predetermined pattern of power levels stored in a non-transitory computer-readable storage media in the external device and not received from the wireless transceiver so at least one transmission in the successive transmissions from the external device has a transmitted power level that is less than a preceding transmission in the successive transmissions from the external device; and wherein the wireless transceiver located in the vehicle is configured to: generate a RX power level (RSS) profile corresponding to a power level of each successive transmission received from the external device, compare the generated RSS profile with a predetermined pattern of power levels stored in a non-transitory computer-readable storage media in the vehicle and not received from the external device; disable communication between the external device and the wireless transceiver when the RSS profile does not match the predetermined pattern of power levels; receive the measured barometric pressure from the barometric pressure sensor and translate the measured barometric pressure to an altitude of the external device; compare the translated altitude of the external device to an altitude of the wireless receiver; and disable communication between the external device and the wireless transceiver located in the vehicle when the translated altitude of the external device does not match the altitude of the wireless receiver.
A Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) passive vehicle access control system enhances security by preventing unauthorized access through signal manipulation and environmental verification. The system includes a wireless transceiver in the vehicle and an external device, such as a key fob, equipped with a processor and a barometric pressure sensor. The external device communicates with the vehicle's transceiver using BLE. To prevent relay attacks, the external device modulates its transmitted power levels in a predetermined pattern, ensuring at least one transmission is weaker than the preceding one. The vehicle's transceiver generates a received signal strength (RSS) profile from these transmissions and compares it to a stored pattern. If the profiles do not match, communication is disabled, indicating a potential relay attack. Additionally, the external device measures barometric pressure and converts it to an altitude, which the vehicle compares to its own altitude. If the altitudes differ significantly, communication is disabled, preventing unauthorized access from distant locations. This dual-layer security approach ensures that only devices physically near the vehicle can establish a connection, mitigating relay and spoofing attacks. The system relies on pre-stored patterns and environmental data rather than dynamic signals from the vehicle, enhancing robustness against tampering.
2. The BLE passive vehicle access control system of claim 1 further comprising: a motion detector located in the external device, the motion detector being configured to generate acceleration data corresponding to movement of the external device and transmit the generated acceleration data to the wireless transceiver; and the wireless transceiver is further configured to compare the acceleration data received from the motion detector in the external device with predetermined criteria stored in the non-transitory computer-readable storage media located in the vehicle and to determine whether the acceleration data corresponds to a true event or a false event.
A passive vehicle access control system using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology addresses the challenge of securely authenticating and granting access to a vehicle without requiring active user interaction. The system includes an external device, such as a key fob or smartphone, equipped with a motion detector that generates acceleration data corresponding to the device's movement. This data is transmitted wirelessly to a transceiver in the vehicle. The vehicle's onboard system compares the received acceleration data against predefined criteria stored in its non-transitory memory to determine whether the movement corresponds to a legitimate access attempt (true event) or an unauthorized or erroneous action (false event). This verification process enhances security by distinguishing between genuine user movements and potential tampering or interference. The system ensures that access is granted only when the motion data meets the specified criteria, reducing the risk of unauthorized entry while maintaining a seamless user experience. The integration of motion detection with BLE communication provides an additional layer of authentication beyond traditional proximity-based methods.
3. The BLE passive vehicle access control system of claim 2 wherein the wireless transceiver disables communication between the external device and the wireless transceiver located in the vehicle when the wireless transceiver determines the acceleration data does not match with any of the predetermined criteria or determines the acceleration data corresponds to the false event.
A vehicle access control system uses Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to enable passive entry and start functionality. The system includes a wireless transceiver in the vehicle that communicates with an external device, such as a key fob or smartphone, to authenticate and authorize access. The system monitors acceleration data from sensors to detect vehicle movement and determine whether to enable or disable communication with the external device. If the acceleration data does not match predetermined criteria or indicates a false event, such as unauthorized movement, the wireless transceiver disables communication to prevent unauthorized access. The system ensures secure and reliable vehicle access by dynamically adjusting communication based on real-time acceleration data analysis. This approach enhances security by preventing unauthorized entry or start attempts when abnormal movement patterns are detected. The system may also include additional features, such as proximity detection and encryption, to further secure the communication between the vehicle and the external device. The acceleration data analysis helps distinguish legitimate user interactions from potential security threats, ensuring only authorized users can access the vehicle.
4. An access control system for a vehicle comprising: a sensor for generating and transmitting data corresponding to a barometric pressure at an external device; and a processor in a vehicle that is configured to: measure a RX power level (RSS) profile of successive transmissions received from the external device; compare the measured RSS profile of the successive transmissions with a predetermined pattern of RX power levels, at least one of the power levels in the predetermined pattern of power levels being less than at least one preceding power level in the predetermined pattern of power level; disable communication between the external device and the processor in the vehicle when the measured RSS profile of the successive transmissions does not match the predetermined pattern of RX power levels, receive the generated data corresponding to the barometric pressure transmitted from the sensor and translate the generated data corresponding to the barometric pressure transmitted from the sensor into an altitude value at the sensor; compare the altitude value at the sensor with an altitude value at the vehicle; and disable communication between the external device and the processor in the vehicle when the altitude value at the external device and the altitude value at the vehicle do not match.
An access control system for vehicles enhances security by verifying the legitimacy of external devices attempting to communicate with the vehicle. The system addresses vulnerabilities in wireless communication by detecting unauthorized or spoofed devices that may attempt to gain access to vehicle systems. The system includes a sensor on the external device that measures barometric pressure and transmits corresponding data to a processor in the vehicle. The processor analyzes the received signal strength (RSS) profile of successive transmissions from the external device, comparing it to a predetermined pattern where at least one power level is lower than a preceding level. If the measured RSS profile does not match this pattern, communication is disabled, preventing potential attacks. Additionally, the processor converts the barometric pressure data into an altitude value at the external device and compares it with the vehicle's altitude. If the altitudes do not match, communication is also disabled, ensuring that only devices at the same altitude as the vehicle are allowed to interact. This dual-layer verification mechanism improves security by detecting both signal manipulation and physical location discrepancies.
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May 10, 2017
January 14, 2020
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