A bipolar junction transistor is provided; the transistor has an emitter, a base, and a collector. The base is coupled to a sensing electrode. The sensing electrode is immersed in a fluid to be analyzed. The bipolar junction transistor is biased into the active region. An AC excitation of one of the emitter and the base is caused. A measurement is carried out on a collector current resulting from the AC excitation, to analyze the fluid.
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November 29, 2017
January 28, 2020
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