Nanopore-based determination of protein charge, sharp, volume, rotational diffusion coefficient, and dipole moment

Physical parameters of macromolecules are determined by measuring electrical current I over time for translocation events as the macromolecules in solution move between two liquid compartments that are separated by and fluidically coupled through a synthetic nanopore. Values of charge, volume, shape, rotational diffusion coefficient, and dipole moment are derived from the measurements.