Systems and methods for computationally simulating an optical image are provided. The systems and methods generate a simulated scene having at least one variable optical property, compute an optical transfer function (OTF) via at least one computed phase screen, express the OTF as a sum of at least one separable OTF, convolve the at least one separable OTF with the simulated scene to simulate electromagnetic (EM) fields of the optical image, and compute image intensities of the optical image from the simulated EM fields of the optical image.
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1. A method for computationally simulating an optical image comprising: generating a simulated scene having at least one variable optical property; computing an optical transfer function (OTF) via at least one computed phase screen; expressing the OTF as a sum of at least one separable OTF; convolving the at least one separable OTF with the simulated scene to simulate electromagnetic (EM) fields of the optical image; and computing image intensities of the optical image from the simulated EM fields of the optical image.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein generating the simulated scene having at least one variable optical property further comprises: simulating at least one illuminating source; determining an optical phase of the at least one illuminating source; providing at least one object in the simulated scene; generating a roughness phase texture of the at least one object; determining fine-scale EM phase modulation of the roughness phase texture; illuminating the simulated scene with the at least one illuminating source; and determining at least one optical phase of the simulated scene based, at least in part, on the phase of the at least one illuminating source and the fine-scale EM phase modulation of the roughness phase texture.
3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising: determining polarization Jones vectors of the at least one illuminating source; generating a polarization texture of the at least one object; determining fine-scale EM polarization modulation of the polarization texture; and determining polarization Jones vectors describing a polarization of the simulated scene based, at least in part, on the polarization Jones vectors of the at least one illuminating source and the fine-scale EM polarization modulation of the polarization texture.
4. The method of claim 2 , further comprising: determining an optical reflectance of the at least one illuminating source; generating an optical reflectance texture of the at least one object; determining optical reflectance information of the optical reflectance texture; and determining an optical reflectance of the simulated scene based, at least in part, on the optical reflectance of the at least one illuminating source and the optical reflectance information of the optical reflectance texture.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: creating left and right matrices M X and M Y for each OTF of the sum of the at least one separable OTF; multiplying the left and right matrices M X and M Y by outgoing EM-fields at an object plane of a simulated optical system to create complex EM-field terms for each OTF of the sum of the at least one separable OTF; summing the complex EM-field terms computed from each OTF of the sum of the at least one separable OTF to create a net EM-field received at an image sensor of the simulated optical system; computing EM radiation intensity on the image plane of the simulated optical system; binning the EM radiation intensity on the image plane to a final resolution to create a speckle image; computing non-speckle noise simulation; and adding the non-speckle noise simulation to the speckle image to create the optical image.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the left and right matrices M X and M Y are Toeplitz matrices.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein expressing the OTF as the sum of at least one separable OTF is accomplished via analysis of optics geometry of a simulated optical system.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein expressing the OTF as the sum of at least one separable OTF is accomplished via analysis of atmospheric distortions.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein expressing the OTF as the sum of at least one separable OTF is accomplished via singular value decomposition (SVD).
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: illuminating the simulated scene with at least one coherent light source.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the at least one coherent light source is at least one laser.
12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: illuminating the simulated scene with at least one incoherent light source.
13. A method of convolving an optical transfer function (OTF) with a simulated scene comprising: computing a separability of the OTF; expressing the OTF as a sum of at least one separable OTF; creating left and right matrices M X and M Y for each OTF of the sum of the at least one separable OTF; multiplying the left and right matrices M X and M Y by outgoing EM-fields at an object plane of a simulated optical system to create complex EM-field terms for each OTF of the sum of the at least one separable OTF; and summing the complex EM-field terms computed from each OTF of the sum of the at least one separable OTF to create a net EM-field received at an image sensor of the simulated optical system.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the left and right matrices M X and M Y are Toeplitz matrices.
15. The method of claim 13 , further comprising: computing the OTF via at least one computed phase screen.
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July 22, 2019
December 8, 2020
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