Optical observation equipment and endoscope for identifying forming process of malignant tumor

1. An optical observation equipment for identifying a forming process of a malignant tumor, wherein the optical observation equipment has a receiving space and a transparent front end, and the optical observation equipment comprises: a light-guide fiber, an input end of which extends to the receiving space and an output end of which extends to the transparent front end; a laser light emitter disposed in the receiving space, the laser light emitter being capable of emitting a laser light that is guided into the input end of the light-guide fiber, the laser light having a wavelength of 340 nm±20 nm and an energy in a range from 0.3 mj/m 2 to 0.5 mj/m 2 in a pulsing mode; a focusing device comprising a focusing mirror that is disposed in the receiving space and coupled to the output end of the laser light emitter, and the focusing device being capable of focusing the laser to the input end of the light-guide fiber; a white light emitter disposed in the receiving space, the white light emitter being capable of emitting a white light that is guided into the input end of the light-guide fiber, wherein the laser light emitter and the white light emitter are alternately turned on; an image sensor disposed in the transparent front end, and the image sensor being capable of acquiring an image of an area irradiated by a white light or laser light emitted from the output end of the light-guide fiber and converting a light signal of the image into an electrical signal; and a gain amplifier coupled to the image sensor, the gain amplifier being capable of amplifying the electrical signal generated by the image sensor.

2. The optical observation equipment for identifying the forming process of the malignant tumor of claim 1 , wherein the laser light emitter has an output pulse width <5 ns, and a repeat frequency in a range from 1 time/s to 50 times/s.

3. The optical observation equipment for identifying the forming process of the malignant tumor of claim 1 , wherein the white light emitter includes one or several light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that are aligned with the input end of the light-guide fiber and have a solar spectrum with a color temperature of 5000K±400K.

4. The optical observation equipment for identifying the forming process of the malignant tumor of claim 1 , wherein the light-guide fiber is a quartz light-guide fiber or a liquid light-guide fiber suitable for transmission of ultraviolet band and visible band.

5. The optical observation equipment for identifying the forming process of the malignant tumor of claim 1 , wherein the image sensor includes a graphene photosensitive element capable of detecting a fluorescence with an intensity in a range from 0.2 lux to 0.6 lux.

6. A method for identifying a forming process of a malignant tumor, comprising: aligning the transparent front end of the optical observation equipment of claim 1 with a tissue to be detected; turning off the laser light emitter, turning on the white light emitter, and irradiating the tissue with a white light emitted from the output end of the light-guide fiber; acquiring a first image of an area of the tissue irradiated by the white light emitted from the output end of the light-guide fiber and converting the light signal of the first image into a first electrical signal; amplifying the first electrical signal with the gain amplifier; encoding and emitting a first signal output of the gain amplifier to obtain a first encoded signal; receiving and decoding the first encoded signal; restoring the first image; displaying the first image on a display, and identifying a suspected area of the tissue; turning off the white light emitter, turning on the laser light emitter, and irradiating the suspected area with a laser light emitted from the output end of the light-guide fiber in a pulse mode, the laser light having a wavelength of 340 nm±20 nm and an energy in a range from 0.3 mj/m 2 to 0.5 mj/m 2 in a pulsing mode; acquiring a fluorescence image of the suspected area irradiated by the laser light emitted from the output end of the light-guide fiber and converting the light signal of the fluorescence image into a second electrical signal with the image sensor; amplifying the second electrical signal with the gain amplifier; encoding and emitting a second signal output of the gain amplifier to obtain a second encoded signal; receiving and decoding the second encoded signal; restoring the fluorescence image; displaying the fluorescence image on the display and obtaining a fluorescence spectrum of the tissue; identifying whether or not the suspected area is relevant to the malignant tumor on the basis of the fluorescence spectrum, wherein a peak value at 460 nm±20 nm of a fluorescence spectrum of normal tissue is used as a reference value, if the fluorescence spectrum of the tissue has a peak value at 460 nm±20 nm that is 100% of the reference value, and the fluorescence spectrum of the tissue has no peak values at 400±20 nm and 670±20 nm, the tissue is identified as a normal tissue; if the fluorescence spectrum of the tissue has a peak value at 460 nm±20 nm that is more than 60% of the reference value, and the fluorescence spectrum of the tissue has no peak values at 400±20 nm and 670±20 nm of the fluorescence spectrum, the tissue is identified as a benign lesion tissue; if the fluorescence spectrum of the tissue has a peak value at 460 nm±20 nm that is less than 40% of the reference value, and the fluorescence spectrum of the tissue has peak values at 400 nm±20 nm and 670 nm±20 nm the tissue is identified as the malignant tumor tissue; if the fluorescence spectrum of the tissue has a peak value at 460 nm±20 nm that is less than 40% of the reference value, the fluorescence spectrum of the tissue has a peak value at 400 nm±20 nm, and the fluorescence spectrum of the tissue has no peak value at 670 nm±20 nm, the tissue is identified as a severe atypical hyperplasia tissue; if the fluorescence spectrum of the tissue has a peak value at 460 nm±20 nm that is less than 40% of the reference value, the fluorescence spectrum of the tissue has a peak value at 670 nm±20 nm, and the fluorescence spectrum of the tissue has no peak value at 400 nm±20 nm, the tissue is identified as a severe atypical hyperplasia tissue; and if the fluorescence spectrum of the tissue has a peak value at 460 nm±20 nm that is less than 40% of the reference value, and the fluorescence spectrum of the tissue has no peak values at 400 nm±20 nm and 670 nm±20 nm, the tissue is identified as a mild or moderate atypical hyperplasia tissue.

7. An endoscope for identifying a forming process of a malignant tumor, comprising the optical observation equipment according to claim 1 at a front end thereof.

8. The endoscope for identifying the forming process of a malignant tumor according to claim 7 , wherein the transparent front end is at one end of the endoscope, and an image processing terminal is at an other end of the endoscope.