A power storage element is provided that includes, in a positive electrode or a negative electrode, an active material which causes a plurality of electrochemical reactions in accordance with the process of change during charging and discharging and which exhibits hysteresis between a power storage amount-voltage charging (first) property and a power storage amount-voltage discharging (second) property. A BMU is provided with a first estimation unit which estimates a power storage amount-voltage charging property or/and a power storage amount-voltage discharging property referenced when estimating the power storage amount, on the basis of an upward voltage and a downward voltage which are respectively more than and less than a first threshold value, acquired from the first property, the second property, and the charging-discharging history.
Legal claims defining the scope of protection, as filed with the USPTO.
1. A management device that estimates a storage amount characteristic of an energy storage device containing an active material in a positive electrode and/or a negative electrode, the active material generating a plurality of electrochemical reactions according to transition of charge-discharge, the active material exhibiting hysteresis between a first characteristic that is a storage amount-voltage charge characteristic and a second characteristic that is a storage amount-voltage discharge characteristic, the management device comprising: a first estimation unit that estimates a third characteristic that is a storage amount-voltage charge characteristic and/or a fourth characteristic that is a storage amount-voltage discharge characteristic based on the first characteristic, the second characteristic, and an upper voltage larger than a first threshold and a lower voltage smaller than the first threshold, the upper voltage and the lower voltage being acquired from a charge-discharge history, the third characteristic and fourth characteristic being for reference in estimating the storage amount from an acquired voltage, the first threshold being a value at which existence of the hysteresis is substantially switched.
2. A management device that estimates a storage amount characteristic of an energy storage device containing an active material in a positive electrode and/or a negative electrode, the active material generating a plurality of electrochemical reactions according to transition of charge-discharge, the active material exhibiting hysteresis between a first characteristic that is a storage amount-voltage charge characteristic and a second characteristic that is a storage amount-voltage discharge characteristic, the management device comprising: a first estimation unit that estimates a third characteristic that is a storage amount-voltage charge characteristic and/or a fourth characteristic that is a storage amount-voltage discharge characteristic based on the first characteristic, the second characteristic, and an upper voltage larger than a first threshold and a lower voltage smaller than the first threshold, the upper voltage and the lower voltage being acquired from a charge-discharge history, the third characteristic and fourth characteristic being for reference in estimating the storage amount from an acquired voltage; a first acquisition unit that acquires voltage at the energy storage device; a first setting unit that sets the voltage acquired after the voltage acquired by the first acquisition unit becomes greater than the first threshold as the upper voltage, and updates the voltage to the upper voltage when the acquired voltage is greater than the previously-set upper voltage; and a second setting unit that sets the voltage acquired after the voltage acquired by the first acquisition unit becomes smaller than the first threshold as the lower voltage, and updates the voltage to the lower voltage when the acquired voltage is less than the previously-set lower voltage.
3. The management device according to claim 2 , wherein the first estimation unit acquires the third characteristic or the fourth characteristic using one of the first characteristic and the second characteristic in a plurality of regions defined by voltage that changes according to transition of charge-discharge.
4. The management device according to claim 3 , wherein the first estimation unit: acquires a difference between a maximum value of a difference in storage amount between the first characteristic and the second characteristic and the difference in storage amount between the first characteristic and the second characteristic in the upper voltage as an excess oxidation amount (or an excess reduction amount), acquires a reduction amount (or an oxidation amount) generated between the lower voltage and the first threshold based on the excess oxidation amount (or the excess reduction amount), and obtains a starting point of the third characteristic or the fourth characteristic in one or the plurality of regions based on a difference between the excess oxidation amount (or the excess reduction amount) and the reduction amount (or the oxidation amount).
5. The management device according to claim 4 , wherein the first setting unit updates an upper voltage based on a difference between the excess oxidation amount (or the excess reduction amount) and the reduction amount (or the oxidation amount).
6. The management device according to claim 5 , wherein the first estimation unit acquires the third characteristic using the second characteristic, with the storage amount of the first characteristic at the upper voltage as an upper limit in a region from the first threshold value to the upper voltage.
7. The management device according to claim 4 , wherein the first estimation unit acquires the third characteristic using the second characteristic, with the storage amount of the first characteristic at the upper voltage as an upper limit in a region from the first threshold value to the upper voltage.
8. The management device according to claim 4 , wherein the first estimation unit acquires the third characteristic using first characteristic with the storage amount at the first threshold as the upper limit in a region from the first threshold value to a second threshold smaller than the first threshold, where, the storage amount at the first threshold=(the storage amount at the upper voltage of the first characteristic)−{(the storage amount at the upper voltage of the second characteristic)−(the storage at the first threshold of the second characteristic) amount)}.
9. The management device according to claim 5 , wherein the first estimation unit acquires the third characteristic using first characteristic with the storage amount at the first threshold as the upper limit in a region from the first threshold value to a second threshold smaller than the first threshold, where, the storage amount at the first threshold=(the storage amount at the upper voltage of the first characteristic)−{(the storage amount at the upper voltage of the second characteristic)−(the storage at the first threshold of the second characteristic) amount)}.
10. The management device according to claim 3 , wherein the first estimation unit acquires the third characteristic using the second characteristic, with the storage amount of the first characteristic at the upper voltage as an upper limit in a region from the first threshold value to the upper voltage.
11. The management device according to claim 10 , wherein the first estimation unit acquires the third characteristic using first characteristic with the storage amount at the first threshold as the upper limit in a region from the first threshold value to a second threshold smaller than the first threshold, where, the storage amount at the first threshold=(the storage amount at the upper voltage of the first characteristic)−{(the storage amount at the upper voltage of the second characteristic)−(the storage at the first threshold of the second characteristic) amount)}.
12. The management device according to claim 3 , wherein the first estimation unit acquires the third characteristic using first characteristic with the storage amount at the first threshold as the upper limit in a region from the first threshold value to a second threshold smaller than the first threshold, where, the storage amount at the first threshold=(the storage amount at the upper voltage of the first characteristic)−{(the storage amount at the upper voltage of the second characteristic)−(the storage at the first threshold of the second characteristic) amount)}.
13. The management device according to claim 1 , further comprising a second estimation unit that estimates the storage amount based on a charge-discharge history, the third characteristic and/or the fourth characteristic, and the acquired voltage.
14. An energy storage module comprising: an energy storage device; and the management device according to claim 1 .
15. The management device according to claim 1 , further comprising: a first acquisition unit that acquires voltage at the energy storage device; a first setting unit that sets the voltage acquired after the voltage acquired by the first acquisition unit becomes greater than the first threshold as the upper voltage, and updates the voltage to the upper voltage when the acquired voltage is greater than the previously-set upper voltage; and a second setting unit that sets the voltage acquired after the voltage acquired by the first acquisition unit becomes smaller than the first threshold as the lower voltage, and updates the voltage to the lower voltage when the acquired voltage is less than the previously-set lower voltage.
16. The management device according to claim 15 , wherein the first estimation unit acquires the third characteristic or the fourth characteristic using one of the first characteristic and the second characteristic in a plurality of regions defined by voltage that changes according to transition of charge-discharge.
17. The management device according to claim 16 , wherein the first estimation unit: acquires a difference between a maximum value of a difference in storage amount between the first characteristic and the second characteristic and the difference in storage amount between the first characteristic and the second characteristic in the upper voltage as an excess oxidation amount (or an excess reduction amount), acquires a reduction amount (or an oxidation amount) generated between the lower voltage and the first threshold based on the excess oxidation amount (or the excess reduction amount), and obtains a starting point of the third characteristic or the fourth characteristic in one or the plurality of regions based on a difference between the excess oxidation amount (or the excess reduction amount) and the reduction amount (or the oxidation amount).
18. The management device according to claim 16 , wherein the first estimation unit acquires the third characteristic using the second characteristic, with the storage amount of the first characteristic at the upper voltage as an upper limit in a region from the first threshold value to the upper voltage.
19. A management method for estimating a storage amount characteristic of an energy storage device containing an active material in a positive electrode and/or a negative electrode, the active material generating a plurality of electrochemical reactions according to transition of charge-discharge, the active material exhibiting hysteresis between a first characteristic that is a storage amount-voltage charge characteristic and a second characteristic that is a storage amount-voltage discharge characteristic, the management method comprising: acquiring a first characteristic, a second characteristic, and an upper voltage larger than a first threshold and a lower voltage smaller than the first threshold based on a charge-discharge history; and estimating a storage amount-voltage charge characteristic and/or a storage amount-voltage discharge characteristic for reference in estimating the storage amount by the acquired voltage based on the first characteristic, the second characteristic, the upper voltage, and the lower voltage, wherein the first threshold is a value at which existence of the hysteresis is substantially switched.
20. A computer program causing a computer to perform pieces of processing, the computer estimating a storage amount characteristic of an energy storage device containing an active material in a positive electrode and/or a negative electrode, the active material generating a plurality of electrochemical reactions according to transition of charge-discharge, the active material exhibiting hysteresis between a first characteristic that is a storage amount-voltage charge characteristic and a second characteristic that is a storage amount-voltage discharge characteristic, the pieces of processing including: acquiring an upper voltage larger than a first threshold and a lower voltage smaller than the first threshold by referring to a charge-discharge history; and estimating a storage amount-voltage charge characteristic and/or a storage amount-voltage discharge characteristic for reference in estimating the storage amount by the acquired voltage based on a first characteristic, a second characteristic, the upper voltage, and the lower voltage, wherein the first threshold is a value at which existence of the hysteresis is substantially switched.
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May 31, 2018
October 19, 2021
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