Techniques for radio access technology coexistence in sidelink channels

This application is a 371 national stage of Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) Application No. PCT/CN2021/112207 filed on Aug. 12, 2021, entitled “TECHNIQUES FOR RADIO ACCESS TECHNOLOGY COEXISTENCE IN SIDELINK CHANNELS,” which is hereby expressly incorporated by reference herein.

Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication and to techniques and apparatuses for radio access technology (RAT) coexistence in sidelink channels.

Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power, or the like). Examples of such multiple-access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems, and Long Term Evolution (LTE). LTE/LTE-Advanced is a set of enhancements to the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile standard promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

A wireless network may include one or more base stations that support communication for a user equipment (UE) or multiple UEs. A UE may communicate with a base station via downlink communications and uplink communications. “Downlink” (or “DL”) refers to a communication link from the base station to the UE, and “uplink” (or “UL”) refers to a communication link from the UE to the base station.

The above multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different UEs to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, and/or global level. New Radio (NR), which may be referred to as 5G, is a set of enhancements to the LTE mobile standard promulgated by the 3GPP. NR is designed to better support mobile broadband internet access by improving spectral efficiency, lowering costs, improving services, making use of new spectrum, and better integrating with other open standards using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with a cyclic prefix (CP) (CP-OFDM) on the downlink, using CP-OFDM and/or single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) (also known as discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM)) on the uplink, as well as supporting beamforming, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, and carrier aggregation. As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, further improvements in LTE, NR, and other radio access technologies remain useful.

Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE). The method may include receiving one or more signals associated with a sidelink channel to perform sensing of the sidelink channel. The method may include transmitting a control signal associated with a first radio access technology (RAT) to reserve a set of resources associated with a resource pool for the sidelink channel based at least in part on the sensing of the sidelink channel, wherein at least one of the set of resources or the resource pool is associated with a second RAT. The method may include transmitting, using one or more resources from the set of resources, a first sidelink message, wherein the first sidelink message is associated with the second RAT.

Some aspects described herein relate to a UE for wireless communication. The UE may include a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory. The one or more processors may be configured to receive one or more signals associated with a sidelink channel to perform sensing of the sidelink channel. The one or more processors may be configured to transmit a control signal associated with a first RAT to reserve a set of resources associated with a resource pool for the sidelink channel based at least in part on the sensing of the sidelink channel, wherein at least one of the set of resources or the resource pool is associated with a second RAT. The one or more processors may be configured to transmit, using one or more resources from the set of resources, a first sidelink message, wherein the first sidelink message is associated with the second RAT.

Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a UE. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to receive one or more signals associated with a sidelink channel to perform sensing of the sidelink channel. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to transmit a control signal associated with a first RAT to reserve a set of resources associated with a resource pool for a sidelink channel based at least in part on the sensing of the sidelink channel, wherein at least one of the set of resources or the resource pool is associated with a second RAT. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to transmit, using one or more resources from the set of resources, a first sidelink message, wherein the first sidelink message is associated with the second RAT.

Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for receiving one or more signals associated with a sidelink channel to perform sensing of the sidelink channel. The apparatus may include means for transmitting a control signal associated with a first RAT to reserve a set of resources associated with a resource pool for the sidelink channel based at least in part on the sensing of the sidelink channel, wherein at least one of the set of resources or the resource pool is associated with a second RAT. The apparatus may include means for transmitting, using one or more resources from the set of resources, a first sidelink message, wherein the first sidelink message is associated with the second RAT.

Aspects generally include a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, base station, wireless communication device, and/or processing system as substantially described herein with reference to and as illustrated by the drawings and specification.

The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of examples according to the disclosure in order that the detailed description that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages will be described hereinafter. The conception and specific examples disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated advantages will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying figures. Each of the figures is provided for the purposes of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims.

Various aspects of the disclosure are described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. This disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to any specific structure or function presented throughout this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. One skilled in the art should appreciate that the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or combined with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover such an apparatus or method which is practiced using other structure, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to or other than the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.

Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various apparatuses and techniques. These apparatuses and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, algorithms, or the like (collectively referred to as “elements”). These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or combinations thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.

While aspects may be described herein using terminology commonly associated with a 5G or New Radio (NR) radio access technology (RAT), aspects of the present disclosure can be applied to other RATs, such as a 3G RAT, a 4G RAT, and/or a RAT subsequent to 5G (e.g., 6G).

1 FIG. 100 100 100 110 110 110 110 110 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 110 120 110 110 110 a b c d a b c d e is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure. The wireless networkmay be or may include elements of a 5G (e.g., NR) network and/or a 4G (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE)) network, among other examples. The wireless networkmay include one or more base stations(shown as a BS, a BS, a BS, and a BS), a user equipment (UE)or multiple UEs(shown as a UE, a UE, a UE, a UE, and a UE), and/or other network entities. A base stationis an entity that communicates with UEs. A base station(sometimes referred to as a BS) may include, for example, an NR base station, an LTE base station, a Node B, an eNB (e.g., in 4G), a gNB (e.g., in 5G), an access point, and/or a transmission reception point (TRP). Each base stationmay provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), the term “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a base stationand/or a base station subsystem serving this coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used.

110 120 120 120 120 110 110 110 110 102 110 102 110 102 1 FIG. a a b b c c A base stationmay provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, and/or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEswith service subscriptions. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEswith service subscription. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may allow restricted access by UEshaving association with the femto cell (e.g., UEsin a closed subscriber group (CSG)). A base stationfor a macro cell may be referred to as a macro base station. A base stationfor a pico cell may be referred to as a pico base station. A base stationfor a femto cell may be referred to as a femto base station or an in-home base station. In the example shown in, the BSmay be a macro base station for a macro cell, the BSmay be a pico base station for a pico cell, and the BSmay be a femto base station for a femto cell. A base station may support one or multiple (e.g., three) cells.

110 110 110 100 In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary, and the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of a base stationthat is mobile (e.g., a mobile base station). In some examples, the base stationsmay be interconnected to one another and/or to one or more other base stationsor network nodes (not shown) in the wireless networkthrough various types of backhaul interfaces, such as a direct physical connection or a virtual network, using any suitable transport network.

100 110 120 120 110 120 120 110 110 120 110 120 110 1 FIG. d a d a d The wireless networkmay include one or more relay stations. A relay station is an entity that can receive a transmission of data from an upstream station (e.g., a base stationor a UE) and send a transmission of the data to a downstream station (e.g., a UEor a base station). A relay station may be a UEthat can relay transmissions for other UEs. In the example shown in, the BS(e.g., a relay base station) may communicate with the BS(e.g., a macro base station) and the UEin order to facilitate communication between the BSand the UE. A base stationthat relays communications may be referred to as a relay station, a relay base station, a relay, or the like.

100 110 110 100 The wireless networkmay be a heterogeneous network that includes base stationsof different types, such as macro base stations, pico base stations, femto base stations, relay base stations, or the like. These different types of base stationsmay have different transmit power levels, different coverage areas, and/or different impacts on interference in the wireless network. For example, macro base stations may have a high transmit power level (e.g., 5 to 40 watts) whereas pico base stations, femto base stations, and relay base stations may have lower transmit power levels (e.g., 0.1 to 2 watts).

130 110 110 130 110 110 A network controllermay couple to or communicate with a set of base stationsand may provide coordination and control for these base stations. The network controllermay communicate with the base stationsvia a backhaul communication link. The base stationsmay communicate with one another directly or indirectly via a wireless or wireline backhaul communication link.

120 100 120 120 120 The UEsmay be dispersed throughout the wireless network, and each UEmay be stationary or mobile. A UEmay include, for example, an access terminal, a terminal, a mobile station, and/or a subscriber unit. A UEmay be a cellular phone (e.g., a smart phone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, smart jewelry (e.g., a smart ring or a smart bracelet)), an entertainment device (e.g., a music device, a video device, and/or a satellite radio), a vehicular component or sensor, a smart meter/sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a global positioning system device, and/or any other suitable device that is configured to communicate via a wireless or wired medium.

120 120 120 120 120 Some UEsmay be considered machine-type communication (MTC) or evolved or enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) UEs. An MTC UE and/or an eMTC UE may include, for example, a robot, a drone, a remote device, a sensor, a meter, a monitor, and/or a location tag, that may communicate with a base station, another device (e.g., a remote device), or some other entity. Some UEsmay be considered Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, and/or may be implemented as NB-IoT (narrowband IoT) devices. Some UEsmay be considered a Customer Premises Equipment. A UEmay be included inside a housing that houses components of the UE, such as processor components and/or memory components. In some examples, the processor components and the memory components may be coupled together. For example, the processor components (e.g., one or more processors) and the memory components (e.g., a memory) may be operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, and/or electrically coupled.

100 100 In general, any number of wireless networksmay be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless networkmay support a particular RAT and may operate on one or more frequencies. A RAT may be referred to as a radio technology, an air interface, or the like. A frequency may be referred to as a carrier, a frequency channel, or the like. Each frequency may support a single RAT in a given geographic area in order to avoid interference between wireless networks of different RATs. In some cases, NR or 5G RAT networks may be deployed.

120 120 120 110 120 120 110 a e In some examples, two or more UEs(e.g., shown as UEand UE) may communicate directly using one or more sidelink channels (e.g., without using a base stationas an intermediary to communicate with one another). For example, the UEsmay communicate using peer-to-peer (P2P) communications, device-to-device (D2D) communications, a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) protocol (e.g., which may include a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocol, a vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocol, or a vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocol), and/or a mesh network. In such examples, a UEmay perform scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and/or other operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by the base station.

100 100 Devices of the wireless networkmay communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided by frequency or wavelength into various classes, bands, channels, or the like. For example, devices of the wireless networkmay communicate using one or more operating bands. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz-7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz-52.6 GHz). It should be understood that although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “Sub-6 GHz” band in various documents and articles. A similar nomenclature issue sometimes occurs with regard to FR2, which is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in documents and articles, despite being different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz-300 GHz) which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band.

The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR studies have identified an operating band for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125 GHZ-24.25 GHZ). Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics and/or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 and/or FR2 into mid-band frequencies. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz-71 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz-114.25 GHZ), and FR5 (114.25 GHZ-300 GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

With the above examples in mind, unless specifically stated otherwise, it should be understood that the term “sub-6 GHz” or the like, if used herein, may broadly represent frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. Further, unless specifically stated otherwise, it should be understood that the term “millimeter wave” or the like, if used herein, may broadly represent frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1, and/or FR5, or may be within the EHF band. It is contemplated that the frequencies included in these operating bands (e.g., FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, and/or FR5) may be modified, and techniques described herein are applicable to those modified frequency ranges.

120 140 140 140 In some aspects, the UEmay include a communication manager. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication managermay receive one or more signals associated with a sidelink channel to perform sensing of the sidelink channel; transmit a control signal associated with a first RAT to reserve a set of resources associated with a resource pool for the sidelink channel based at least in part on the sensing of the sidelink channel, wherein at least one of the set of resources or the resource pool is associated with a second RAT; and transmit, using one or more resources from the set of resources, a first sidelink message, wherein the first sidelink message is associated with the second RAT. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication managermay perform one or more other operations described herein.

1 FIG. 1 FIG. As indicated above,is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to.

2 FIG. 200 110 120 100 110 234 234 120 252 252 a t a r is a diagram illustrating an exampleof a base stationin communication with a UEin a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure. The base stationmay be equipped with a set of antennasthrough, such as T antennas (T≥1). The UEmay be equipped with a set of antennasthrough, such as R antennas (R≥1).

110 220 212 120 120 220 120 120 120 120 120 120 220 220 230 232 232 232 232 232 232 232 232 234 234 234 a t a t a t. At the base station, a transmit processormay receive data, from a data source, intended for the UE(or a set of UEs). The transmit processormay select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) for the UEbased at least in part on one or more channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from that UE. The UEmay process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for the UEbased at least in part on the MCS(s) selected for the UEand may provide data symbols for the UE. The transmit processormay process system information (e.g., for semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI)) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, and/or upper layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and control symbols. The transmit processormay generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) or a demodulation reference signal (DMRS)) and synchronization signals (e.g., a primary synchronization signal (PSS) or a secondary synchronization signal (SSS)). A transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processormay perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and/or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (e.g., T output symbol streams) to a corresponding set of modems(e.g., T modems), shown as modemsthrough. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem. Each modemmay use a respective modulator component to process a respective output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modemmay further use a respective modulator component to process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and/or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. The modemsthroughmay transmit a set of downlink signals (e.g., T downlink signals) via a corresponding set of antennas(e.g., T antennas), shown as antennasthrough

120 252 252 252 110 110 254 254 254 254 254 254 256 254 258 120 260 280 120 284 a r a r At the UE, a set of antennas(shown as antennasthrough) may receive the downlink signals from the base stationand/or other base stationsand may provide a set of received signals (e.g., R received signals) to a set of modems(e.g., R modems), shown as modemsthrough. For example, each received signal may be provided to a demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of a modem. Each modemmay use a respective demodulator component to condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and/or digitize) a received signal to obtain input samples. Each modemmay use a demodulator component to further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain received symbols. A MIMO detectormay obtain received symbols from the modems, may perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and may provide detected symbols. A receive processormay process (e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, may provide decoded data for the UEto a data sink, and may provide decoded control information and system information to a controller/processor. The term “controller/processor” may refer to one or more controllers, one or more processors, or a combination thereof. A channel processor may determine a reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, and/or a CQI parameter, among other examples. In some examples, one or more components of the UEmay be included in a housing.

130 294 290 292 130 130 110 294 The network controllermay include a communication unit, a controller/processor, and a memory. The network controllermay include, for example, one or more devices in a core network. The network controllermay communicate with the base stationvia the communication unit.

234 234 252 252 a t a r 2 FIG. One or more antennas (e.g., antennasthroughand/or antennasthrough) may include, or may be included within, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, and/or one or more antenna arrays, among other examples. An antenna panel, an antenna group, a set of antenna elements, and/or an antenna array may include one or more antenna elements (within a single housing or multiple housings), a set of coplanar antenna elements, a set of non-coplanar antenna elements, and/or one or more antenna elements coupled to one or more transmission and/or reception components, such as one or more components of.

120 264 262 280 264 264 266 254 110 254 120 120 252 254 256 258 264 266 280 282 6 10 FIGS.- On the uplink, at the UE, a transmit processormay receive and process data from a data sourceand control information (e.g., for reports that include RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, and/or CQI) from the controller/processor. The transmit processormay generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals. The symbols from the transmit processormay be precoded by a TX MIMO processorif applicable, further processed by the modems(e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM), and transmitted to the base station. In some examples, the modemof the UEmay include a modulator and a demodulator. In some examples, the UEincludes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of the antenna(s), the modem(s), the MIMO detector, the receive processor, the transmit processor, and/or the TX MIMO processor. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., the controller/processor) and the memoryto perform aspects of any of the methods described herein (e.g., with reference to).

110 120 234 232 232 236 238 120 238 239 240 110 244 130 244 110 246 120 232 110 110 234 232 236 238 220 230 240 242 6 10 FIGS.- At the base station, the uplink signals from UEand/or other UEs may be received by the antennas, processed by the modem(e.g., a demodulator component, shown as DEMOD, of the modem), detected by a MIMO detectorif applicable, and further processed by a receive processorto obtain decoded data and control information sent by the UE. The receive processormay provide the decoded data to a data sinkand provide the decoded control information to the controller/processor. The base stationmay include a communication unitand may communicate with the network controllervia the communication unit. The base stationmay include a schedulerto schedule one or more UEsfor downlink and/or uplink communications. In some examples, the modemof the base stationmay include a modulator and a demodulator. In some examples, the base stationincludes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of the antenna(s), the modem(s), the MIMO detector, the receive processor, the transmit processor, and/or the TX MIMO processor. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., the controller/processor) and the memoryto perform aspects of any of the methods described herein (e.g., with reference to).

240 110 280 120 240 110 280 120 1000 242 282 110 120 242 282 110 120 120 110 1000 2 FIG. 2 FIG. 10 FIG. 10 FIG. The controller/processorof the base station, the controller/processorof the UE, and/or any other component(s) ofmay perform one or more techniques associated with RAT coexistence in sidelink channels, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the controller/processorof the base station, the controller/processorof the UE, and/or any other component(s) ofmay perform or direct operations of, for example, processof, and/or other processes as described herein. The memoryand the memorymay store data and program codes for the base stationand the UE, respectively. In some examples, the memoryand/or the memorymay include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions (e.g., code and/or program code) for wireless communication. For example, the one or more instructions, when executed (e.g., directly, or after compiling, converting, and/or interpreting) by one or more processors of the base stationand/or the UE, may cause the one or more processors, the UE, and/or the base stationto perform or direct operations of, for example, processof, and/or other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running the instructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions, and/or interpreting the instructions, among other examples.

120 120 140 252 254 256 258 264 266 280 282 In some aspects, the UEincludes means for receiving one or more signals associated with a sidelink channel to perform sensing of the sidelink channel; means for transmitting a control signal associated with a first RAT to reserve a set of resources associated with a resource pool for the sidelink channel based at least in part on the sensing of the sidelink channel, wherein at least one of the set of resources or the resource pool is associated with a second RAT; and/or means for transmitting, using one or more resources from the set of resources, a first sidelink message, wherein the first sidelink message is associated with the second RAT, among other examples. The means for the UEto perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager, antenna, modem, MIMO detector, receive processor, transmit processor, TX MIMO processor, controller/processor, or memory.

2 FIG. 264 258 266 280 While blocks inare illustrated as distinct components, the functions described above with respect to the blocks may be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combination component or in various combinations of components. For example, the functions described with respect to the transmit processor, the receive processor, and/or the TX MIMO processormay be performed by or under the control of the controller/processor.

2 FIG. 2 FIG. As indicated above,is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to.

3 FIG. 3 FIG. 300 305 1 305 2 305 310 305 1 305 2 310 is a diagram illustrating an exampleof sidelink communications, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in, a first UE-may communicate with a second UE-(and one or more other UEs) via one or more sidelink channels. The UEs-and-may communicate using the one or more sidelink channelsfor P2P communications, D2D communications, V2X communications (e.g., which may include V2V communications, V2I communications, and/or vehicle to pedestrian (V2P) communications) and/or mesh networking.

305 305 1 305 2 120 310 305 In some examples, the UEs(e.g., UE-and/or UE-) may correspond to one or more other UEs described elsewhere herein, such as UE. In some examples, the one or more sidelink channelsmay use a PC5 interface and/or may operate in a high frequency band (e.g., the 5.9 GHz band). Additionally, or alternatively, the UEsmay synchronize timing of transmission time intervals (TTIs) (e.g., frames, subframes, slots, or symbols) using global navigation satellite system (GNSS) timing.

3 FIG. 310 315 320 325 315 110 320 110 315 330 335 320 335 325 340 As further shown in, the one or more sidelink channelsmay include a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and/or a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH). The PSCCHmay be used to communicate control information, similar to a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and/or a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) used for cellular communications with a base stationvia an access link or an access channel. The PSSCHmay be used to communicate data, similar to a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and/or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) used for cellular communications with a base stationvia an access link or an access channel. For example, the PSCCHmay carry sidelink control information (SCI), which may indicate various control information used for sidelink communications, such as one or more resources (e.g., time resources, frequency resources, and/or spatial resources) where a transport block (TB)may be carried on the PSSCH. The TBmay include data. The PSFCHmay be used to communicate sidelink feedback, such as hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback (e.g., acknowledgement or negative acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) information), transmit power control (TPC), and/or a scheduling request (SR).

315 330 315 320 320 320 Although shown on the PSCCH, in some examples, the SCImay include multiple communications in different stages, such as a first stage SCI (SCI-1) and a second stage SCI (SCI-2). The SCI-1 may be transmitted on the PSCCH. The SCI-2 may be transmitted on the PSSCH. The SCI-1 may include, for example, an indication of one or more resources (e.g., time resources, frequency resources, and/or spatial resources) on the PSSCH, information for decoding sidelink communications on the PSSCH, a quality of service (QOS) priority value, a resource reservation period, a PSSCH demodulation reference signal (DMRS) pattern, an SCI format for the SCI-2, a beta offset for the SCI-2, a quantity of PSSCH DMRS ports, and/or a modulation and coding scheme (MCS). The SCI-2 may include information associated with data transmissions on the PSSCH, such as a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process ID, a new data indicator (NDI), a source identifier, a destination identifier, and/or a channel state information (CSI) report trigger.

310 330 320 In some examples, the one or more sidelink channelsmay use resource pools. For example, a scheduling assignment (e.g., included in SCI) may be transmitted in sub-channels using specific resource blocks (RBs) across time. In some examples, data transmissions (e.g., on the PSSCH) associated with a scheduling assignment may occupy adjacent RBs in the same subframe as the scheduling assignment (e.g., using frequency division multiplexing). In some examples, a scheduling assignment and associated data transmissions are not transmitted on adjacent RBs.

305 305 110 305 305 In some examples, a UEmay operate using a transmission mode where resource selection and/or scheduling is performed by the UE(e.g., rather than a base station). In some examples, the UEmay perform resource selection and/or scheduling by sensing channel availability for transmissions. For example, the UEmay measure a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter (e.g., a sidelink-RSSI (S-RSSI) parameter) associated with various sidelink channels, may measure a reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter (e.g., a PSSCH-RSRP parameter) associated with various sidelink channels, and/or may measure a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter (e.g., a PSSCH-RSRQ parameter) associated with various sidelink channels, and may select a channel for transmission of a sidelink communication based at least in part on the measurement(s).

305 330 315 305 305 Additionally, or alternatively, the UEmay perform resource selection and/or scheduling using SCIreceived in the PSCCH, which may indicate occupied resources and/or channel parameters. Additionally, or alternatively, the UEmay perform resource selection and/or scheduling by determining a channel busy rate (CBR) associated with various sidelink channels, which may be used for rate control (e.g., by indicating a maximum number of resource blocks that the UEcan use for a particular set of subframes).

305 305 330 320 335 305 305 In the transmission mode where resource selection and/or scheduling is performed by a UE, the UEmay generate sidelink grants, and may transmit the grants in SCI. A sidelink grant may indicate, for example, one or more parameters (e.g., transmission parameters) to be used for an upcoming sidelink transmission, such as one or more resource blocks to be used for the upcoming sidelink transmission on the PSSCH(e.g., for TBs), one or more subframes to be used for the upcoming sidelink transmission, and/or a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) to be used for the upcoming sidelink transmission. In some examples, a UEmay generate a sidelink grant that indicates one or more parameters for semi-persistent scheduling (SPS), such as a periodicity of a sidelink transmission. Additionally, or alternatively, the UEmay generate a sidelink grant for event-driven scheduling, such as for an on-demand sidelink message.

305 305 315 320 3 FIG. In some sidelink wireless networks, UEs may be operating using different RATs. For example, the UEmay communicate using a first RAT and other UEs (not shown in) in the wireless network may communicate using a second RAT. For example, the UEmay operate using an LTE RAT or a 4G RAT. However, other UEs in the sidelink wireless network may operate using an NR RAT or a 5G RAT. In some examples, UEs operating using different RATs may operate using the same sidelink channel (e.g., UEs operating using different RATs may operate using the same PSCCHor the same PSSCH). For example, the UEs operating using different RATs may share resources (e.g., time domain resources and/or frequency domain resources) in the same sidelink channel.

3 FIG. 3 FIG. As indicated above,is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to.

4 FIG. 400 is a diagram illustrating an exampleof sidelink communications and access link communications, in accordance with the present disclosure.

4 FIG. 3 FIG. 1 FIG. 405 410 110 405 110 410 405 410 120 120 110 120 110 120 120 110 As shown in, a transmitter (Tx)/receiver (Rx) UEand an Rx/Tx UEmay communicate with one another via a sidelink, as described above in connection with. As further shown, in some sidelink modes, a base stationmay communicate with the Tx/Rx UEvia a first access link. Additionally, or alternatively, in some sidelink modes, the base stationmay communicate with the Rx/Tx UEvia a second access link. The Tx/Rx UEand/or the Rx/Tx UEmay correspond to one or more UEs described elsewhere herein, such as the UEof. Thus, a direct link between UEs(e.g., via a PC5 interface) may be referred to as a sidelink, and a direct link between a base stationand a UE(e.g., via a Uu interface) may be referred to as an access link. Sidelink communications may be transmitted via the sidelink, and access link communications may be transmitted via the access link. An access link communication may be either a downlink communication (from a base stationto a UE) or an uplink communication (from a UEto a base station).

4 FIG. 4 FIG. As indicated above,is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to.

5 FIG. 500 500 502 305 305 504 506 508 is a diagram illustrating an exampleof selecting sidelink resources, in accordance with the present disclosure. Exampleshows a UE(e.g., a UE) that may receive communications on a sidelink channel from other UEs (e.g., another UE), such as UE, UE, and/or UE.

504 502 504 502 500 502 504 504 502 The UEmay be a transmitting UE that is transmitting communications to the UE, which may be a receiving UE. The UEmay use a resource report from the UE, which may act as a reporting UE that reports available sidelink resources. Exampleshows a resource report from the UEto the UEand a communication from the UEto the UE.

504 502 504 504 If the UEis to transmit a communication to the UE, then the UEmay sense the sidelink channel in a sensing window to determine which sidelink resources (e.g., subcarriers, subchannels, time domain resources, and/or frequency domain resources) are available. A sidelink resource may be considered available if the sidelink resource was clear or had a signal energy (e.g., an RSRP) that satisfied an availability threshold (e.g., measured interference or energy on the channel is lower than a maximum decibel-milliwatts (dBm) or dB, RSRP threshold). The availability threshold may be configured per transmission priority and receive priority pair. The UEmay measure DMRSs on a PSCCH or a PSSCH, according to a configuration.

504 502 504 506 508 504 506 508 504 508 510 506 512 504 504 504 514 506 508 504 For example, the UEmay prepare to transmit a communication to the UE. The UEmay have already sensed previous sidelink resources and successfully decoded SCI from the UEand the UE. The UEmay try to reserve sidelink resources, and thus may check the availability of the future sidelink resources reserved by UEand UEby sensing the sidelink channel in the sensing window. The UEmay measure an RSRP of a signal from the UEin a sidelink resource, and an RSRP of a signal from the UEin a sidelink resource. If an observed RSRP satisfies the RSRP threshold (e.g., is lower than a maximum RSRP), then the corresponding sidelink resource may be available for reservations by the UE. The UEmay reserve the sidelink resource (which may be a random selection from available resources). For example, the UEmay select and reserve a sidelink resourcefor transmission. This may be in a time slot after which the UEand the UEhad used sidelink resources, and the UEmay have sensed these sidelink resources earlier.

proc,0 proc,1 0 1 2,min 5 FIG. μ There may be a resource selection trigger to trigger selection of sidelink resources after a processing time T, and before another processing time Tbefore a resource selection window from which sidelink resources are available. The resource selection window may be a time window from which sidelink resources may be selected, and the resource selection window may extend for a remaining packet delay budget (PDB). T, shown in, may be a configured value, such as 100 milliseconds or 1100 milliseconds. Tmay be a time duration that is specific to a UE's implementation. Tmay be configured per priority {1, 5, 10, 20} times 2, where μ=0, 1, 2, and 3 for subcarrier spacings of 15 kilohertz (kHz), 30 kHz, 60 kHz, and 120 kHz, respectively.

i j i j If resource selection is triggered, a UE may use SCIs detected during the sensing window. The SCIs may include a control signal, such as a scheduling assignment (SA) message. If another UE is reserving a resource in the resource selection window, then the UE may compare a measured RSRP from the other UE against the RSRP threshold given for the pair of priorities (p, p), where pis the priority of the packet for which the UE is reserving a resource, and pis the priority of the packet of the other UE. If the measured RSRP is below the threshold, then the resource may be considered to be available.

5 FIG. 5 FIG. As indicated above,is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to.

In some wireless networks, UEs that are operating using different RATs may operate in the same channel. For example, for a sidelink channel or a V2X channel, some UEs may operate, using the sidelink channel or the V2X channel, using a first RAT and some UEs may operate using a second RAT. UEs operating using the different RATs may share resources (e.g., time domain resources and/or frequency domain resources) of the same sidelink channel or the same V2X channel for sidelink communications. For example, in some cases, a sidelink channel or a V2X channel may be associated with UEs operating using an LTE RAT and UEs operating using an NR RAT.

3 5 FIGS.- However, UEs operating using different RATs may use different messages and/or different protocols for reserving resources of the sidelink channel or the V2X channel. For example, UEs operating using a first RAT may use a first control signal (e.g., associated with the first RAT) to reserve resources from a first resource pool associated with the first RAT (e.g., in a similar manner as described in connection with). UEs operating using a second RAT may use a second control signal (e.g., associated with the second RAT) to reserve resources from a second resource pool associated with the second RAT. As the UEs using different RATs may share the same channel and/or may operate in an at least partially overlapping frequency spectrum, resources included in the first resource pool and resources included in the second resource pool may overlap (e.g., may be at least partially the same).

Therefore, in some cases, a UE operating using the first RAT and a UE operating using the second RAT may reserve the same resources on the sidelink channel because the different RATs may be associated with different control signals and/or different protocols for reserving resources on the sidelink channel. As a result, a sidelink communication associated with the first RAT and a sidelink communication using the second RAT may collide (e.g., because the sidelink communications use the same resources), resulting in a degraded performance of both sidelink communications.

110 In some cases, the resources of the sidelink channel may be portioned or split (e.g., in the time domain and/or in the frequency domain) among the different RATs. However, coordination between UEs (using different RATs) associated with the sidelink channel may be required as the partition or split may change over time. Moreover, in some cases, UEs operating using the first RAT may be unable to communicate (e.g., transmit, receive and/or decode) messages associated with the second RAT. For example, the second RAT may be an enhancement to the first RAT and/or may be deployed subsequent in time to the first RAT (e.g., the first RAT may be the LTE RAT and the second RAT may be the NR RAT). In some cases, the UEs may be required to coordinate the resource reservations and/or the resource pool configuration for the sidelink channel without the assistance of a central node or a control node, such as a base station. Therefore, coordination among UEs, operating using different RATs, for resource reservation and/or for resource pool configurations or modifications associated with a sidelink channel may be difficult and/or complex.

Some techniques and apparatuses described herein enable RAT coexistence in sidelink channels. A UE (e.g., capable of communicating using the first RAT and the second RAT) may transmit a control signal (e.g., in SCI) associated with the RAT to reserve a set of resources associated with a resource pool for a sidelink channel. For example, the UE may transmit the control signal to reserve resources and/or the resource pool for sidelink communications that use the second RAT. For example, the UE may use the control signal to reserve resources for a sidelink message that is associated with the second RAT. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may use the control signal to indicate a resource pool configuration (e.g., to indicate a partition or split of the resources of the sidelink channel between the first RAT and the second RAT).

The control signal may use a numerology (e.g., a subcarrier spacing, and/or a cyclic prefix format) associated with the first RAT. Transmitting the control signal associated with the first RAT may enable UEs that operate using the first RAT to receive, decode, and/or understand the control signal. Additionally, UEs that operate using the second RAT may be configured to receive and/or decode signals that use the first RAT (e.g., the UEs that operate using the second RAT may be dual radio devices that are capable of communicating using the first RAT and the second RAT). The UE may transmit, using one or more resources from the set of resources reserved using the control signal, a sidelink message that is associated with the second RAT.

In some aspects, the control signal may be transmitted with a sidelink transmission (e.g., a sidelink data transmission) that is associated with the second RAT. For example, the control signal may be one or more resources (e.g., time domain resources and/or frequency domain resources) that were allocated for the sidelink transmission. In some other aspects, the control signal may be transmitted using resources associated with the resource pool (e.g., that are separate from and/or not associated with resources for another sidelink transmission). For example, the UE may transmit the control signal using a set of resources (e.g., that are fixed) from the resource pool.

In some cases, transmitting the control signal as described herein may result in an overhead associated with transmitting the control signal. For example, transmitting the control signal may result in missed transmission opportunities and/or reception opportunities for the UE because the control signal is occupying resources that would otherwise have been used to transmit and/or receive other sidelink messages. Therefore, in some aspects, the UE may transmit the control signal (e.g., as described herein) based at least in part on one more rules being satisfied. In some aspects, the UE may transmit the control signal (e.g., as described herein) based at least in part on a time gap between control signals transmitted by the UE and/or based at least in part on detecting a trigger event, among other examples. In some aspects, the UE may transmit the control signal (e.g., as described herein) based at least in part on a measurement performed by the UE. Therefore, the UE may not transmit more control signals than is necessary. Reducing the number of control signals transmitted by the UE may improve a performance of the UE by increasing the number of transmission opportunities and/or reception opportunities available for the UE.

As a result, UEs that are operating in the same sidelink channel using different RATs may be enabled to coordinate resource reservations and/or resource pool configurations for the sidelink channel. The coordination of the resource reservations and/or resource pool configurations may reduce a likelihood of colliding sidelink messages in the sidelink channel (e.g., may reduce a likelihood that two UEs reserve the same resource(s) for different sidelink messages). Additionally, the coordination of the resource reservations and/or resource pool configurations may improve a performance and/or reliability of sidelink messages associated with the sidelink channel by enabling UEs operating using different RATs to effectively and efficiently share resources associated with the sidelink channel.

6 FIG. 6 FIG. 3 5 FIGS.- 600 605 610 100 605 610 605 605 610 is a diagram illustrating an exampleassociated with RAT coexistence in sidelink channels, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in, a first UEand a second UEmay communicate with one another in a wireless network, such as the wireless network. For example, the first UEand the second UEmay communicate with one another in a sidelink network in a similar manner as described above in connection with. In some aspects, the first UEmay be capable of communicating using a first RAT and a second RAT. For example, the first UEmay be a dual radio UE that is capable of communicating (e.g., transmitting, receiving, and/or decoding) signals using the first RAT and the second RAT. In some aspects, the second UEmay be capable of communicating signals using the first RAT, but not the second RAT. In some aspects, the second RAT may be a RAT subsequent to the first RAT. For example, the first RAT may be the LTE RAT or the 4G RAT and the second RAT may be the NR RAT or the 5G RAT. As another example, the first RAT may be the NR RAT or the 5G RAT and the second RAT may be a subsequent RAT (e.g., 6G).

605 610 605 610 110 120 605 610 605 610 605 610 605 610 605 610 6 FIG. In some aspects, the first UEand/or the second UEmay be configured to perform one or more actions described herein. For example, the first UEand/or the second UEmay receive configuration information (e.g., from a base station, another UE, and/or another control node, not shown in). In some aspects, the configuration information may not be signaled and may be defined (e.g., by a wireless communication standard, such as the 3GPP). In some aspects, the first UEand/or the second UEmay receive the configuration information via radio resource control (RRC) signaling and/or medium access control (MAC) signaling (e.g., MAC control elements (MAC-CEs)). In some aspects, the configuration information may include an indication of one or more configuration parameters (e.g., already known to the first UEand/or the second UE) for selection by the first UEand/or the second UE. Additionally, or alternatively, the configuration information may include explicit configuration information for the first UEand/or the second UEto use to configure the first UEand/or the second UE.

605 605 610 6 FIG. In some aspects, the configuration information may indicate that UEs that are configured to use the second RAT for sidelink communications (e.g., the first UEand/or other UEs not shown in) are to transmit control signals (e.g., to reserve resources and/or to indicate a resource pool associated with the second RAT) using a control signal that is associated with the first RAT. For example, the configuration information may indicate that the UEs that are configured to use the second RAT for sidelink communications are to transmit control signals that use a numerology associated with the first RAT. In some aspects, the configuration information may indicate that the UEs that are configured to use the second RAT for sidelink communications are to transmit the control signals associated with the first RAT when the UEs are communicating using a shared sidelink channel. “Shared sidelink channel” may refer to a sidelink channel (e.g., a V2X channel) that is associated with resources (e.g., time domain resources and/or frequency domain resources) that are used by first RAT UEs (e.g., UEs configured to use the first RAT for sidelink communications) and by second RAT UEs (e.g., configured to use the second RAT for sidelink communications). For example, the first UEmay be a second RAT UE and the second UEmay be a first RAT UE.

In some aspects, the configuration information may indicate one or more rules and/or one or more trigger events associated with using the control signals that are associated with the first RAT (e.g., by second RAT UEs). For example, the configuration information may indicate a permissible time gap or a minimum time gap between transmissions of the control signals. In some aspects, the configuration information may indicate a link measurement threshold (e.g., a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) threshold, an RSRP threshold, an RSRQ threshold, and/or a number of retransmissions per packet threshold, among other examples). In some aspects, the configuration information may indicate a penetration rate threshold. “Penetration rate” may refer to a ratio of, or a percentage of, UEs associated with a sidelink channel that operate using the second RAT. For example, the penetration rate may reflect the ratio of UEs operating in the sidelink channel, in a given area, that use the second RAT to UEs operating in the sidelink channel (e.g., in the given area) that use the first RAT. In some aspects, the configuration information may indicate a threshold associated with a number of UEs in an area (e.g., where if the number of UEs in the area, around a given UE, satisfies the threshold, then the UE is to use the control signal associated with the first RAT, as described herein).

605 605 610 605 605 605 610 610 605 610 610 610 In some aspects, the first UEmay configure the first UEfor communicating with the second UEand/or other UEs. In some aspects, the first UEmay configure the first UEbased at least in part on the configuration information. In some aspects, the first UEmay be configured to perform one or more operations described herein. Similarly, the second UEmay configure the second UEfor communicating with the first UEand/or other UEs. In some aspects, the second UEmay configure the second UEbased at least in part on the configuration information. In some aspects, the second UEmay be configured to perform one or more operations described herein.

610 605 As described elsewhere herein, a sidelink channel (e.g., a V2X channel) may be associated with a set of resources (e.g., time domain resources and/or frequency domain resources). The set of resources may form a resource pool associated with the sidelink channel. In some aspects, first RAT UEs (e.g., the second UE) and second RAT UEs (e.g., the first UE) may operate in the sidelink channel. Therefore, both first RAT UEs and second RAT UEs may reserve resources from the resource pool for sidelink communications. In some aspects, the resource pool may be partitioned or divided into a first subset of resources associated with the first RAT and a second subset of resources associated with the second RAT. For example, a first subset of time slots may be associated with the first RAT and a second subset of time slots may be associated with the second RAT. Additionally, or alternatively, a first subset of frequency domain resources (e.g., subchannels and/or resource blocks) may be associated with the first RAT and a second subset of frequency domain resources may be associated with the second RAT. Resources being “associated with” a given RAT may refer to the resources being allocated for, or available for selection by, UEs operating using the given RAT. For example, UEs operating using the first RAT may refrain from selecting resources, associated with the sidelink channel, that are associated with the second RAT. Resources associated with the first RAT and resources associated with the second RAT may be time division multiplexed (e.g., in different slots) and/or may be frequency division multiplexed (e.g., in the same slot).

However, a fixed resource pool for the sidelink channel (e.g., with a fixed partition among resources associated with the first RAT and resources associated with the second RAT) may be suboptimal. For example, as a penetration rate for the sidelink channel in a given area increases, more resources should be allocated to the second RAT (e.g., to provide more opportunities for second RAT UEs to communicate using the sidelink channel, such as when the second RAT is used to communicate traffic with higher volumes of data). Similarly, if a sidelink channel in a given area is associated with a lower penetration rate, then more resources should be allocated to the first RAT. Therefore, the resource pool and/or a frame structure of the resource pool for the sidelink channel may be variable over time to account for varying penetration rates in different areas or geographic locations.

605 605 605 605 605 In some aspects, second RAT UEs (e.g., the first UE) may be enabled to indicate and/or modify a frame structure of the resource pool for the sidelink channel (e.g., a partition or allocation of resources among the first RAT and the second RAT for the sidelink channel). For example, the first UEmay be enabled to reserve a set of resources (e.g., time domain resources and/or frequency domain resources) from a resource pool associated with the sidelink channel. The resource pool may be a set of resources available for sidelink communications. In some aspects, the first UEmay reserve the set of resources to be used by the first UEand/or by other second RAT UEs located in a geographic area near the first UE.

605 605 605 605 3 5 FIGS.- The first UEmay receive one or more signals (e.g., control signals associated with the first RAT and/or control signals associated with the second RAT) on the sidelink channel. The first UEmay measure the one or more signals to perform sensing of the sidelink channel. For example, the first UEmay perform sensing of the sidelink channel to determine a channel availability, to determine a number of UEs operating using the sidelink channel, and/or to determine a penetration rate associated with the sidelink channel, among other examples. The first UEmay perform channel sensing in a similar manner as described in connection with.

As described herein, the second RAT UEs may indicate and/or modify a frame structure of the resource pool for the sidelink channel using a control signal that is associated with the first RAT. For example, the control signal may be included in SCI transmitted by the second RAT UEs. In some aspects, the control signal may use a numerology (e.g., a carrier frequency, a subcarrier spacing, and/or a cyclic prefix format) that is associated with the first RAT. For example, the control signal may use a format and/or numerology that enables first RAT UEs to receive and/or decode the control signal. In some aspects, the control signal may be a control signal that is specified and/or defined by a wireless communication standard associated with the first RAT (e.g., the control signal may be a defined control signal for sidelink or V2X channels). In some aspects, the control signal may be a scheduling assignment (SA) signal (e.g., when the first RAT is the LTE RAT).

615 605 605 605 605 605 As shown by reference number, the first UEmay determine whether the control signal (e.g., associated with the first RAT) can be transmitted by the first UE. For example, the first UEmay transmit control signals based at least in part on one or more rules being satisfied and/or based at least in part on detecting a trigger event. For example, the one or more rules may include a first rule indicating that the control signal associated with the first RAT is not to be transmitted if a feedback message, associated with the second RAT, is scheduled during time domain resources (e.g., a slot or a TTI) associated with the control signal. The one or more rules may include a second rule indicating that the control signal associated with the first RAT is not to be transmitted if the first UEis scheduled to receive or transmit a first sidelink communication during time domain resources associated with the control signal, and the first sidelink communication is associated with a priority that is the same as, or higher than, a priority of the a sidelink communication that is to be transmitted using the resources being reserved by the control signal. The one or more rules may include a third rule indicating that the control signal associated with the first RAT is not to be transmitted if the first UEis scheduled to receive a second sidelink communication during time domain resources (e.g., a slot or a TTI) associated with the control signal. In other words, the one or more rules may indicate that some sidelink communications are to be prioritized over the control signal. For example, the one or more rules may indicate that sidelink feedback messages (e.g., PSFCH messages), data messages (e.g., PSSCH messages) that have the same or greater priority than a priority of the message for which the control signal is being transmitted, and/or received data (e.g., PSSCH messages and/or PSCCH messages), among other examples, are to be prioritized over the transmission of the control signal.

605 605 605 605 605 605 605 605 605 For example, if the first UEis scheduled to transmit or receive feedback over a PSFCH resource (e.g., in some cases, a frame structure of a sidelink network may indicate that a subset of symbols of a slot or a TTI are reserved for PSFCH messages) in a slot, then the first UEis to prioritize transmitting or receiving the feedback over transmitting the control message. Similarly, if the first UEis scheduled to transmit or receive sidelink data in a slot, or TTI, then the first UEmay identify a first priority associated with the sidelink data. The first UEmay identify a second priority of a sidelink message that is to be transmitted using resources that would be reserved by the control signal. If the first priority is equal to, or greater than, the second priority, then the first UEmay prioritize transmitting or receiving the sidelink data in the slot, or TTI, over transmitting the control message. As another example, if the first UEis scheduled to receive a sidelink message in a slot, or TTI, then the first UEmay prioritize the reception of the sidelink message of the transmission of the control signal. The one or more rules may ensure that transmitting the control signal does not degrade the performance of other sidelink messages to be transmitted or received by the first UE.

605 605 605 605 605 605 9 FIG. In some aspects, the first UEmay determine whether the control signal can be transmitted based at least in part on a time gap between the control signal and a previous control signal. For example, the time gap may be a fixed time gap indicating transmission opportunities for control signals associated with the first RAT (e.g., the time gap may indicate periodic opportunities for the first UEto transmit the control signal). In some aspects, the first UEmay determine whether an amount of time since the transmission of the previous control signal satisfies a time threshold (e.g., a threshold amount of time). If the amount of time satisfies the time threshold, then the first UEmay determine that the control signal may be transmitted. If the amount of time does not satisfy the time threshold, then the first UEmay determine that the control signal may not be transmitted (e.g., until the amount of time satisfies the time threshold). In other words, the time threshold may indicate a minimum amount of time between transmissions of control signals associated with the first RAT by the first UE. The determination of whether the control signal can be transmitted based at least in part on the time gap is depicted and described in more detail in connection with.

605 605 605 605 In some aspects, the first UEmay determine whether the control signal can be transmitted based at least in part on whether a trigger event is detected. For example, the trigger event may include a change in resources associated with the resource pool and/or a change in a traffic pattern or a traffic flow associated with the first UE, among other examples. For example, if the first UEdetects or determines that a frame structure (e.g., a partition or split of resources among RATs in the resource pool) has changed, then the first UEmay transmit the control signal.

605 605 605 605 In some aspects, the first UEmay determine whether the control signal can be transmitted based at least in part on a measured link measurement value. For example, the first UEmay measure (e.g., periodically) a link parameter, such as SINR, RSRP, RSRQ, and/or a number of retransmission per packet, among other examples. If the link measurement value of the link parameter satisfies a threshold (e.g., a link parameter threshold), then the first UEmay determine that control messages associated with the first RAT are to be transmitted. If the link measurement value of the link parameter does not satisfy the threshold, or another threshold, then the first UEmay determine that control messages associated with the first RAT are not to be transmitted. For example, an SINR that is less than an SINR threshold may indicate an increased number of collisions between sidelink messages associated with the first RAT and sidelink messages associated with the second RAT (e.g., an indicate a need for the transmission of the control signals associated with the first RAT).

605 605 605 605 In some aspects, the first UEmay determine whether the control signal can be transmitted based at least in part on a penetration rate associated with the second RAT and the sidelink channel (e.g., in a given area). For example, the first UEmay estimate the penetration rate associated with the second RAT. If the penetration rate satisfies a threshold (e.g., a penetration rate threshold), then the first UEmay determine that the control signal may be transmitted. If the penetration rate does not satisfy the threshold (e.g., the penetration rate threshold), then the first UEmay determine that the control signal may not be transmitted. For example, in some aspects, a benefit (e.g., for the sidelink network) of transmitting the control signal associated with the first RAT may be realized once the penetration rate associated with the second RAT satisfies the threshold.

605 605 605 605 605 605 605 605 605 605 605 In some aspects, the first UEmay determine whether the control signal can be transmitted based at least in part on a number of other UEs located in a geographic area around the first UE. For example, the first UEmay detect a number of UEs in a geographic area located proximate to the first UE. If the number of UEs satisfies a threshold (e.g., a UE threshold), then the first UEmay determine that the control signal may be transmitted. If the number of UEs does not satisfy the threshold (e.g., the UE threshold), then the first UEmay determine that the control signal may not be transmitted. The first UEmay detect UEs in an area proximate to the first UEusing sensor data. For example, the first UEmay analyze sensor information (e.g., provided by an application layer of the first UE) to detect the number of UEs in a geographic area located proximate to the first UE.

620 605 610 605 6 FIG. As shown by reference number, the first UEmay transmit, and the second UE(and/or other UEs not shown in) may receive, the control signal (e.g., the sidelink control signal) associated with the first RAT. The control signal may reserve a set of resources associated with a resource pool for the sidelink channel. In some aspects, the control signal may indicate a frame structure for the resource pool. For example, the control signal may indicate a time domain split (e.g., a time division multiplex structure) and/or a frequency domain split (e.g., a frequency division multiplex structure) among resources allocated for the first RAT and resources allocated for the second RAT in the resource pool. In some aspects, the control signal may indicate a set of resources (e.g., from the resource pool that are allocated for the second RAT) that are being reserved for future sidelink communications by the first UE.

605 As described elsewhere herein, the first UEmay transmit the control signal using a numerology associated with the first RAT. Transmitting the control signal using the numerology associated with the first RAT may enable UEs that are capable of communicating using the first RAT (e.g., and not the second RAT) to receive, decode, and/or understand the control signal.

In some aspects, the transmission of the control signal may be a single frequency network (SFN) transmission. For example, different second RAT UEs (e.g., that transmit control signals as described herein) in the sidelink channel may transmit the control signals using a same frequency or a same frequency range. For example, UEs that use the second RAT for sidelink communications may reserve resources associated with the sidelink channel, using control signals associated with the second RAT (e.g., in an SFN manner), from the resource pool. Transmitting the control signals in the SFN manner may cause the control signal to be transmitted using the same resources, such that different second RAT UEs operating in the sidelink channel may reserve the same frequency domain resources and/or time domain resources (e.g., for the second RAT). In some aspects, second RAT UEs may be coordinated with one another to ensure that a frame structure for the resource pool (e.g., that is indicated by the control signals) is the same (e.g., so that different second RAT UEs are not attempting to reserve or indicate different frame structures for the resource pool).

605 610 610 610 5 FIG. In some aspects, the first UEmay transmit the control signal with a priority value. In some aspects, the priority level may be above a threshold. The priority may be a proximity-based service (ProSe) per-packet priority (PPPP). In some aspects, the priority value may be a value of 1. In some aspects, an RSRP threshold (e.g., for detecting reserved sidelink resources in a similar manner as described in connection with) associated with the priority value of the control signal for the second UE(e.g., for first RAT UEs) may be set to a low value (e.g., a value that is below a threshold). For example, the configuration information (or other control information) may configure the RSRP threshold associated with the priority value of the control signal. Setting the RSRP threshold associated with the priority value of the control signal may improve a likelihood that the second UEis enabled to detect, receive, and/or decode the control signal because the second UEmay be less likely to reserve and/or transmit using resources that are used by the control signal.

605 605 605 625 605 605 605 605 In some aspects, the first UEmay transmit the control signal with another sidelink message that uses the second RAT. For example, in some aspects, the first UEmay transmit the control signal at the same time (or at a time that at least partially overlaps with) the transmission of another sidelink message by the first UE. As shown by reference number, the first UEmay transmit the sidelink message associated with the second RAT (e.g., with the transmission of the control signal). For example, the first UEmay identify a set of resources (e.g., time domain resources and/or frequency domain resources) that are allocated for the sidelink message. The first UEmay use a subset of resources, of the set of resources, to transmit the control signal. For example, the first UEmay allocate a subset of frequency domain resources, from a set of frequency domain resources allocated for the sidelink message, for the control signal. In some aspects, the subset of frequency domain resources may be a first one or more subchannels or a first one or more resource blocks (e.g., “first” meaning the first subchannels or resource blocks in the context of increasing or decreasing frequency) associated with the set of frequency domain resources allocated for the sidelink message. In some aspects, a set of frequency domain resources used for the control signal may be contiguous with a set of frequency domain resources used for the sidelink message (e.g., there may be no gaps in the frequency domain between frequency domain resources used by the control signal and frequency domain resources used by the sidelink message). In some other aspects, the set of frequency domain resources used for the control signal may be not be contiguous with the set of frequency domain resources used for the sidelink message.

605 605 605 620 605 625 7 FIG. The first UEmay adjust the frequency domain resources to be used by the sidelink message to be the remaining frequency domain resources from the set of frequency domain resources allocated for the sidelink message (e.g., after allocating the subset of frequency domain resources for the control signal). For example, the first UEmay perform rate matching to allocate information (e.g., bits) associated with the sidelink message to the remaining frequency domain resources from the set of frequency domain resources. The first UEmay transmit the control signal, associated with the first RAT, using the subset of frequency domain resources (as shown by reference number). The first UEmay transmit the sidelink message, associated with the second RAT, using the remaining frequency domain resources (e.g., as shown by reference number). The transmission of the control signal with the sidelink message is depicted and described in more detail in connection with.

605 605 605 605 7 FIG. 8 FIG. In some aspects, the first UEmay transmit the control signal as a standalone signal (e.g., not associated with any other sidelink message). For example, the first UEmay transmit the control signal using a subset of frequency domain resources from the resource pool. In some aspects, the subset of frequency domain resources may be a fixed subset of frequency domain resources for control signals associated with the first RAT transmitted by UEs that use the second RAT for sidelink communications. In some aspects, the subset of frequency domain resources may include a first subchannel, in the frequency domain, included in the resource pool. In some aspects, the first UEmay refrain from transmitting sidelink messages in the subset of frequency domain resources associated with the control signals (e.g., the subset of frequency domain resources in the resource pool may be reserved for control signals). In some aspects, if a sidelink communication is scheduled to be transmitted in the subset of frequency domain resources, then the first UEmay transmit the control signal with the sidelink message (e.g., in a similar manner as described above and/or in connection with). Transmitting the control signal as a standalone message is depicted and described in more detail in connection with.

605 610 In some aspects, the control signal may indicate an identifier associated with the first UE. The identifier may be a unique identifier. The identifier may be a Layer 1 identifier. In some aspects, the identifier may be used by all second RAT UEs communicating on the sidelink channel. For example, the identifier may be common for all UEs associated with the second RAT that are communicating using the sidelink channel. The common identifier may enable first RAT UEs (e.g., the second UE) to associate all the control signals with reservations for the second RAT.

In some aspects, the control signal may indicate a time domain resource allocation associated with the set of resources being reserved by the control signal. For example, the control signal may indicate a time gap (e.g., a retransmission time gap) between a slot (or TTI) used for the transmission of the control signal and a slot (or TTI) reserved for the set of resources. In some aspects, the control signal may reserve any slot (e.g., allocated for the second RAT in the resource pool) that is less than a time threshold (e.g., 16 milliseconds or another amount of time) from the transmission time of the control signal.

In some aspects, the control signal may indicate a frequency domain resource allocation associated with the set of resources. The frequency domain resource allocation may indicate a number of subchannels associated with the set of resources and a starting subchannel for retransmissions associated with the set of resources. In some aspects, such as when the control signal is transmitted with another sidelink message, the number of subchannels may be based at least in part on a number of subchannels allocated for the other sidelink message. For example, in some aspects, the number of subchannels indicated by the frequency domain resource allocation may be a number of subchannels from a first subchannel allocated for the second sidelink message to a last available subchannel in the resource pool associated with the second RAT (e.g., the number of subchannels may include the first subchannel and the last subchannel). In some aspects, the number of subchannels indicated by the frequency domain resource allocation may be the number of subchannels allocated for the other sidelink message. In some aspects, such as when the control message is a standalone message, the number of subchannels indicated by the frequency domain resource allocation may be a number of subchannels included in the resource pool associated with the second RAT.

In some aspects, the starting subchannel indicated by the frequency domain resource allocation may be a first subchannel in the resource pool associated with the second RAT. In some aspects, such as when the control signal is transmitted with another sidelink message, the starting subchannel indicated by the frequency domain resource allocation may be a first subchannel allocated for the other sidelink message.

In some aspects, the control signal may indicate a reservation periodicity associated with the set of resources reserved by the control signal. For example, the set of resources reserved by the control signal may be periodically reserved (e.g., in accordance with the reservation periodicity) one or more times. The reservation periodicity may indicate an amount of time between a slot in which the control signal is transmitted and a slot in which the reservation of the set of resources is to repeat. For example, the control signal may reserve resources in a future slot (e.g., indicated by the retransmission time gap). The control signal may reserve additional slots at a time from the slot in which the control signal is transmitted, as indicated by the reservation periodicity. In some aspects, the reservation periodicity may be a fixed value, such as 20 milliseconds, 50 milliseconds, or another amount of time. In some aspects, the reservation periodicity may be a configurable value. For example, the configuration information, the control signal, or another message may indicate a value for the reservation periodicity that can be changed over time. For example, the reservation periodicity may be 20 milliseconds, 50 milliseconds, 100 milliseconds, and/or 200 milliseconds, among other examples.

630 610 610 605 610 610 As shown by reference number, the second UEmay receive the control signal and may identify the set of resources indicated by the control signal. For example, the second UEmay identify a resource pool configuration (e.g., a resource pool frame structure) and/or reserved resources (e.g., by the first UE) based at least in part on receiving the control signal. For example, as described elsewhere herein, the second UEmay be enabled to decode and/or understand the control signal because the control signal is associated with the first RAT (e.g., uses a numerology associated with the first RAT). The second UEmay decode the control signal (e.g., that uses the numerology associated with the first RAT) to identify the set of resources indicated by the control signal.

635 610 610 610 As shown by reference number, the second UEmay refrain from reserving resources for sidelink messages and/or from communicating sidelink messages using the set resources indicated by the control signal. For example, the second UEmay be enabled to identify that the set of resources indicated by the control signal are reserved for, or associated with, the second RAT (e.g., based at least in part on the control signal). Therefore, the second UEmay avoid, or refrain from, reserving resources for sidelink messages using resources included in the set of resources indicated by the control signal. Other first RAT UEs may receive and decode the control signal in a similar manner to identify the set of resources (and/or the frame structure of the resource pool) indicated by the control signal. As a result, coordination among UEs using different RATs that are operating using the same sidelink channel may be enabled to coordinate resource pool configurations and resources reserved in the sidelink channel. The coordination between the UEs using different RATs may reduce a likelihood of collisions of sidelink messages transmitted using the sidelink channel, thereby improving a communication performance of the sidelink messages.

640 605 605 605 For example, as shown by reference number, the first UEmay transmit, using one or more resources from the set of resources indicated by the control message, a sidelink message. The sidelink message may be associated with the second RAT. Because other UEs operating in a geographic area near the first UEmay be enabled to receive the control signal (e.g., as described elsewhere herein), other sidelink messages may not be transmitted on the sidelink channel using resources included in the set of resources. Therefore, a likelihood of a collision between the sidelink message transmitted by the first UEand another sidelink message may be reduced.

As a result, UEs that are operating in the same sidelink channel using different RATs may be enabled to coordinate resource reservations and/or resource pool configurations for the sidelink channel. The coordination of the resource reservations and/or resource pool configurations may reduce a likelihood of colliding sidelink messages in the sidelink channel (e.g., may reduce a likelihood that two UEs reserve the same resource(s) for different sidelink messages). Additionally, the coordination of the resource reservations and/or resource pool configurations may improve a performance and/or reliability of sidelink messages associated with the sidelink channel by enabling UEs operating using different RATs to effectively and efficiently share resources associated with the sidelink channel.

6 FIG. 6 FIG. As indicated above,is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to.

7 FIG. 7 FIG. 700 605 620 700 is a diagram illustrating an exampleassociated with control signal transmission for RAT coexistence in sidelink channels, in accordance with the present disclosure.depicts an example control signal transmitted by the first UE(e.g., in a similar manner as described in connection with reference number). For example, exampleis an example in which the control signal is transmitted with another sidelink message.

7 FIG. 7 FIG. 605 625 605 As shown in, the first UEmay transmit a second sidelink message associated with the second RAT (shown by reference number) using first time domain resources that at least partially overlap with second time domain resources used for the transmission of the control signal. For example, the first UEmay transmit the control signal and the second sidelink message in the same slot or the same TTI. The second sidelink message may use first frequency domain resources and the control signal may use second frequency domain resources. As shown in, the first frequency domain resources and the second frequency domain resources may be contiguous. In some other aspects, the first frequency domain resources and the second frequency domain resources may be non-contiguous.

605 605 620 625 605 6 FIG. 7 FIG. 7 FIG. For example, the first UEmay reserve a set of resources associated with the second sidelink message. The first UEmay allocate a subset of frequency domain resources, from a set of frequency domain resources associated with the second sidelink message, for the control signal (e.g., in a similar manner as described in connection with). For example, the frequency domain resources shown inas being associated with the control signal (shown by reference number) and the second sidelink message (shown by reference number) may be the set of resources associated with the second sidelink message. The first UEmay shift the data and/or control information associated with the second sidelink message to the remaining frequency domain resources and perform rate matching, as described elsewhere herein. Althoughshows the control signal using a first, in the frequency domain, subset of frequency domain resources associated with the second sidelink message, the control signal may use another subset of frequency domain resources associated with the second sidelink message, such as a last, in the frequency domain, subset of frequency domain resources associated with the second sidelink message.

7 FIG. 705 710 715 715 715 As shown in, the control signal may reserve a set of resources. For example, the control signal may reserve time domain resources in one or more slots as indicated by the retransmission (ReTx) time gapand/or as indicated by the reservation periodicity. The control signal may reserve a number of subchannelsin the one or more slots. In some aspects, the number of subchannelsmay be a number of subchannels from the start of the set of frequency domain resources associated with the second sidelink message (e.g., starting from the frequency domain resource(s) used for the control signal) to a last available subchannel in the resource pool (e.g., a last frequency domain resource in the resource pool that is associated with the second RAT). In some aspects, the number of subchannelsmay be a number of subchannels included in the set of frequency domain resources associated with the second sidelink message (e.g., including the frequency domain resource(s) used for the control signal).

7 FIG. 7 FIG. 7 FIG. 720 720 705 As shown in, the control signal may indicate a starting subchannelfor retransmissions. The starting subchannelmay be a first subchannel in the resource pool associated with the second RAT (e.g., as shown in). In some aspects, the starting subchannel may be a first subchannel allocated for the second sidelink message (e.g., a first subchannel used by the control signal as shown in). The control signal may indicate the retransmission time gap. The retransmission time gap may indicate an amount of time and/or a number of slots. For example, the control signal may indicate a number of slots, from the slot during which the control signal is transmitted, that are to be reserved.

710 710 705 710 7 FIG. The control signal may indicate the reservation periodicity. The reservation periodicity may indicate an amount of time, or a number of slots, from the slot during which the control signal is transmitted, after which the reservation indicated by the control signal is to be repeated. For example, as shown in, the control signal may reserve resources in 2 additional slots (e.g., a first slot indicated by the reservation periodicityand a second slot indicated by the retransmission time gap) periodically at time gaps in accordance with the reservation periodicityin the future. The reservation periodicity may be a fixed value. Alternatively, the reservation periodicity may be a configurable value that may change over time.

7 FIG. 7 FIG. As indicated above,is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to.

8 FIG. 8 FIG. 800 605 620 800 is a diagram illustrating an exampleassociated with control signal transmission for RAT coexistence in sidelink channels, in accordance with the present disclosure.depicts an example control signal transmitted by the first UE(e.g., in a similar manner as described in connection with reference number). For example, exampleis an example in which the control signal is a standalone message.

8 FIG. 8 FIG. 8 FIG. 605 As shown in, the control message may be transmitted using a subset of resources associated with a resource pool. The resource pool may be resources associated with the second RAT. In some aspects, the subset of resources used for the control signal may be fixed. For example, the first UEmay always use the same subset of frequency domain resources when transmitting control signals (e.g., as described herein). For example, as shown in, the subset of resources may be a first one or more subchannels or a first one or more resource blocks, in the frequency domain, that are allocated for the second RAT in the resource pool. In other examples, the subset of resources may include a different one or more subchannels or a different one or more resource blocks than is shown in(such as a last one or more subchannels or a last one or more resource blocks, in the frequency domain, that are allocated for the second RAT in the resource pool).

605 625 805 810 815 815 7 FIG. 8 FIG. Transmitting the control signal as a standalone signal may enable the first UEto transmit the control signal without needing to wait for a transmission of another sidelink message (such as the second sidelink message shown inby reference number), thereby reducing a latency associated with transmitting the control signal. As shown in, the control signal may reserve a set of resources. For example, the control signal may reserve time domain resources in one or more slots as indicated by the ReTx time gapand/or as indicated by the reservation periodicity. The control signal may reserve a number of subchannelsin the one or more slots. In some aspects, the number of subchannelsmay be a number of available subchannels in the resource pool for the second RAT. For example, the control signal may reserve all frequency domain resources (e.g., available for the second RAT) in the one or more slots indicated by the control signal.

8 FIG. 8 FIG. 805 As shown in, the control signal may indicate a starting subchannel for retransmissions. The starting subchannel may be a first subchannel in the resource pool associated with the second RAT (e.g., as shown in). The control signal may indicate the retransmission time gap. The retransmission time gap may indicate an amount of time and/or a number of slots. For example, the control signal may indicate a number of slots, from the slot during which the control signal is transmitted, that are to be reserved.

810 810 805 810 8 FIG. The control signal may indicate the reservation periodicity. The reservation periodicity may indicate an amount of time, or a number of slots, from the slot during which the control signal is transmitted, after which the reservation indicated by the control signal is to be repeated. For example, as shown in, the control signal may reserve resources in 2 additional slots (e.g., a first slot indicated by the reservation periodicityand a second slot indicated by the retransmission time gap) periodically at time gaps in accordance with the reservation periodicityin the future. The reservation periodicity may be a fixed value. Alternatively, the reservation periodicity may be a configurable value that may change over time.

8 FIG. 8 FIG. As indicated above,is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to.

9 FIG. 9 FIG. 7 FIG. 8 FIG. 900 605 620 900 is a diagram illustrating an exampleassociated with resource protection associated with control signal transmission for RAT coexistence in sidelink channels, in accordance with the present disclosure.depicts an example control signal transmitted by the first UE(e.g., in a similar manner as described in connection with reference number). For example, examplemay be an example in which the control signal is transmitted with another sidelink message (e.g., as described in connection with) or in which the control message is a standalone message (e.g., as described in connection with).

605 605 6 FIG. In some aspects, the first UEmay transmit the control signal based at least in part on time gaps between control signal transmissions. For example, given that one or more rules are satisfied (e.g., as described in more detail elsewhere herein, such as in connection with), the first UEmay determine an amount of time from a previous transmission of a control signal to determine if another control signal can be transmitted.

9 FIG. 620 605 905 905 905 605 605 905 905 905 605 For example, as shown inby reference number, the first UEmay transmit a first control signal in a first slot. In some aspects, a time gapmay be configured that indicates a minimum amount of time that is permissible between control signal transmissions. In some aspects, the time gapmay indicate transmission opportunities for control signal transmission. For example, the time gapmay indicate one or more slots during which a control signal may be transmitted. If the first UEdetermines that a control signal is to be transmitted, then the first UEmay wait for a next transmission opportunity (e.g., a next slot as indicated by the time gap) to transmit the control signal. In some aspects, the time gapmay indicate a time threshold between control signal transmissions. For example, if an amount of time since the transmission of the first control signal satisfies the time gap, then the first UEmay be permitted to transmit a control signal.

9 FIG. 605 905 605 605 605 605 As shown in, the first UEmay determine that a control signal is to be transmitted during a second slot (e.g., that is indicated by the time gapor that is an amount of time from the first slot that satisfies a time threshold). However, the first UEmay identify that sidelink data or sidelink feedback is to be communicated (e.g., transmitted or received) during the second slot. The first UEmay apply one or more rules to determine if the control signal can be transmitted during the second slot. For example, the one or more rules may include a first rule indicating that the control signal associated with the first RAT is not to be transmitted if a feedback message, associated with the second RAT, is scheduled during time domain resources (e.g., a slot or a TTI) associated with the control signal. The one or more rules may include a second rule indicating that the control signal associated with the first RAT is not to be transmitted if the first UEis scheduled to receive or transmit a first sidelink communication during time domain resources associated with the control signal, and the first sidelink communication is associated with a priority that is the same as, or higher than, a priority of the a sidelink communication that is to be transmitted using the resources being reserved by the control signal. The one or more rules may include a third rule indicating that the control signal associated with the first RAT is not to be transmitted if the first UEis scheduled to receive a second sidelink communication during time domain resources (e.g., a slot or a TTI) associated with the control signal.

910 605 As shown by reference number, the first UEmay refrain from transmitting the control signal during the second slot based at least in part on the one or more rules, as described elsewhere herein. Refraining from transmitting the control signal during the second slot may protect the resources associated with the sidelink data or the sidelink feedback to be communicated (e.g., transmitted or received) during the second slot.

915 605 605 905 605 905 605 905 9 FIG. 9 FIG. As shown by reference number, the first UEmay delay the transmission of the control signal. For example, as shown in, the first UEmay delay the transmission of the control signal until a third slot, as indicated by the time gap(e.g., until a next transmission opportunity). In some other aspects, the first UEmay delay the transmission of the control signal until a next slot in which the one or more rules are satisfied (e.g., because the amount of time indicated by the time gaphas been satisfied). In some aspects, the first UEmay transmit control signals during slots that do not satisfy the time gap(e.g., in between the slots shown in) based at least in part on detecting a trigger event, as described in more detail elsewhere herein.

605 605 As a result, the first UEmay ensure that resources for sidelink data and/or sidelink feedback are not used to transmit control signals, unless necessary (e.g., unless a trigger event is detected). As a result, a performance of the sidelink data and/or sidelink feedback communicated by the first UEmay be improved.

9 FIG. 9 FIG. As indicated above,is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to.

10 FIG. 1000 1000 120 605 is a diagram illustrating an example processperformed, for example, by a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example processis an example where the UE (e.g., UEand/or the first UE) performs operations associated with RAT coexistence in sidelink channels.

10 FIG. 11 FIG. 1000 1010 140 1108 1102 As shown in, in some aspects, processmay include receiving one or more signals associated with a sidelink channel to perform sensing of the sidelink channel (block). For example, the UE (e.g., using communication manager, measurement component, and/or reception component, depicted in) may receive one or more signals associated with a sidelink channel to perform sensing of the sidelink channel, as described above.

10 FIG. 11 FIG. 1000 1020 140 1104 As further shown in, in some aspects, processmay include transmitting a control signal associated with a first RAT to reserve a set of resources associated with a resource pool for the sidelink channel based at least in part on the sending of the sidelink channel, wherein at least one of the set of resources or the resource pool is associated with a second RAT (block). For example, the UE (e.g., using communication managerand/or transmission component, depicted in) may transmit a control signal associated with a first RAT to reserve a set of resources associated with a resource pool for the sidelink channel based at least in part on the sending of the sidelink channel, wherein at least one of the set of resources or the resource pool is associated with a second RAT, as described above.

10 FIG. 11 FIG. 1000 1030 140 1104 As further shown in, in some aspects, processmay include transmitting, using one or more resources from the set of resources, a first sidelink message, wherein the first sidelink message is associated with the second RAT (block). For example, the UE (e.g., using communication managerand/or transmission component, depicted in) may transmit, using one or more resources from the set of resources, a first sidelink message, wherein the first sidelink message is associated with the second RAT, as described above.

1000 Processmay include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and/or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

In a first aspect, the first RAT is an LTE RAT and the second RAT is an NR RAT.

In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, transmitting the control signal associated with the first RAT includes transmitting the control signal using a numerology associated with the first RAT.

In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, transmitting the control signal associated with the first RAT includes transmitting the control signal to reserve the set of resources associated with the resource pool, wherein UEs that use the second RAT for sidelink communications reserve resources associated with the sidelink channel, using control signals associated with the second RAT, from the resource pool.

1000 In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, processincludes transmitting a second sidelink message associated with the second RAT, wherein the second sidelink message uses first time domain resources that at least partially overlap with second time domain resources used for the transmission of the control signal.

In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the second sidelink message uses first frequency domain resources and the control signal uses second frequency domain resources, and the first frequency domain resources and the second frequency domain resources are contiguous.

In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, the second sidelink message uses first frequency domain resources and the control signal uses second frequency domain resources, and the first frequency domain resources and the second frequency domain resources are non-contiguous.

In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, transmitting the second sidelink message associated with the second RAT includes allocating a subset of frequency domain resources, from a set of frequency domain resources associated with the second sidelink message, for the control signal; performing rate matching to allocate information associated with the second sidelink message to remaining frequency domain resources from the set of frequency domain resources; transmitting the control signal, associated with the first RAT, using the subset of frequency domain resources; and transmitting the second sidelink message, associated with the second RAT, using the remaining frequency domain resources.

In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the control signal indicates at least one of an identifier associated with the UE, a time domain resource allocation associated with the set of resources, a frequency domain resource allocation associated with the set of resources, or a reservation periodicity.

In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, the control signal indicates a Layer 1 identifier, and the Layer 1 identifier is common for all UEs associated with the second RAT.

In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the control signal indicates a time domain resource allocation associated with the set of resources, and the time domain resource allocation indicates a time gap between a slot used for the transmission of the control signal and a slot reserved for the set of resources.

In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, the control signal indicates a frequency domain resource allocation associated with the set of resources, and the frequency domain resource allocation indicates a number of subchannels associated with the set of resources and a starting subchannel for retransmissions associated with the set of resources.

In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, the control signal is transmitted with a second sidelink message associated with the second RAT, and the number of subchannels is based at least in part on a number of subchannels allocated for the second sidelink message.

In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twelfth aspects, the number of subchannels is at least one of a number of subchannels from a first subchannel allocated for the second sidelink message to a last available subchannel in the resource pool, or the number of subchannels allocated for the second sidelink message.

In a fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects, the control signal is transmitted with a second sidelink message associated with the second RAT, and the starting subchannel is at least one of a first subchannel in the resource pool, or a first subchannel allocated for the second sidelink message.

In a fifteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourteenth aspects, the number of subchannels is a number of subchannels included in the resource pool.

In a sixteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifteenth aspects, the starting subchannel is a first subchannel in the resource pool.

In a seventeenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixteenth aspects, the control signal indicates a reservation periodicity, and the reservation periodicity is a fixed value or a configurable value.

In an eighteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventeenth aspects, transmitting the control signal associated with the first RAT includes transmitting the control signal using a subset of frequency domain resources from the resource pool.

In a nineteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighteenth aspects, the subset of frequency domain resources is a fixed subset of frequency domain resources for control signals associated with the first RAT transmitted by UEs that use the second RAT for sidelink communications.

In a twentieth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through nineteenth aspects, the subset of frequency domain resources includes a first subchannel, in the frequency domain, included in the resource pool.

In a twenty-first aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twentieth aspects, the transmission of the control signal is based at least in part on one or more rules being satisfied.

In a twenty-second aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-first aspects, the one or more rules include at least one of: a first rule indicating that the control signal associated with the first RAT is not to be transmitted if a feedback message, associated with the second RAT, is scheduled during time domain resources associated with the control signal; a second rule indicating that the control signal associated with the first RAT is not to be transmitted if the UE is scheduled to receive or transmit a first sidelink communication during time domain resources associated with the control signal, and the first sidelink communication is associated with a priority that is the same as, or higher than, a priority of the first sidelink message; or a third rule indicating that the control signal associated with the first RAT is not to be transmitted if the UE is scheduled to receive a second sidelink communication during time domain resources associated with the control signal.

1000 In a twenty-third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-second aspects, processincludes a time gap between the control signal and a previous control signal, or a trigger event occurring.

In a twenty-fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-third aspects, the time gap is a fixed time gap indicating transmission opportunities for control signals associated with the first RAT.

In a twenty-fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-fourth aspects, the time gap satisfies a time threshold between the control signal and the previous control signal, and the transmission of the control signal is based at least in part on the time gap satisfying the time threshold.

In a twenty-sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-fifth aspects, the trigger event includes at least one of a change in resources associated with the resource pool, or a change in a traffic pattern or a traffic flow associated with the UE.

In a twenty-seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-sixth aspects, transmitting the control signal associated with the first RAT includes measuring a link measurement value, and transmitting the control signal based at least in part on the link measurement value satisfying a threshold.

In a twenty-eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-seventh aspects, transmitting the control signal associated with the first RAT includes estimating a penetration rate, for the sidelink channel, associated with the second RAT, and transmitting the control signal based at least in part on the penetration rate satisfying a threshold.

In a twenty-ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-eighth aspects, transmitting the control signal associated with the first RAT includes detecting a number of UEs in an area located proximate to the UE, and transmitting the control signal based at least in part on the number of UEs satisfying a threshold.

10 FIG. 10 FIG. 1000 1000 1000 Althoughshows example blocks of process, in some aspects, processmay include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of processmay be performed in parallel.

11 FIG. 1100 1100 1100 1100 1102 1104 1100 1106 1102 1104 1100 140 140 1108 1110 is a diagram of an example apparatusfor wireless communication. The apparatusmay be a UE, or a UE may include the apparatus. In some aspects, the apparatusincludes a reception componentand a transmission component, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and/or one or more other components). As shown, the apparatusmay communicate with another apparatus(such as a UE, a base station, or another wireless communication device) using the reception componentand the transmission component. As further shown, the apparatusmay include the communication manager. The communication managermay include one or more of a determination component, and/or a measurement component, among other examples.

1100 1100 1000 1100 6 9 FIG.- 10 FIG. 11 FIG. 2 FIG. 11 FIG. 2 FIG. In some aspects, the apparatusmay be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatusmay be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as processof, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the apparatusand/or one or more components shown inmay include one or more components of the UE described in connection with. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown inmay be implemented within one or more components described in connection with. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in a memory. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by a controller or a processor to perform the functions or operations of the component.

1102 1106 1102 1100 1102 1106 1102 2 FIG. The reception componentmay receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus. The reception componentmay provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus. In some aspects, the reception componentmay perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples), and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus. In some aspects, the reception componentmay include one or more antennas, a modem, a demodulator, a MIMO detector, a receive processor, a controller/processor, a memory, or a combination thereof, of the UE described in connection with.

1104 1106 1106 1104 1106 1104 1106 1104 1104 1102 2 FIG. The transmission componentmay transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatusmay generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission componentfor transmission to the apparatus. In some aspects, the transmission componentmay perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples), and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus. In some aspects, the transmission componentmay include one or more antennas, a modem, a modulator, a transmit MIMO processor, a transmit processor, a controller/processor, a memory, or a combination thereof, of the UE described in connection with. In some aspects, the transmission componentmay be co-located with the reception componentin a transceiver.

1102 1110 1104 1104 The reception componentand/or the measurement componentmay receive and/or measure one or more signals associated with a sidelink channel to perform sensing of the sidelink channel. The transmission componentmay transmit a control signal associated with a first RAT to reserve a set of resources associated with a resource pool for the sidelink channel based at least in part on the sensing of the sidelink channel, wherein at least one of the set of resources or the resource pool is associated with a second RAT. The transmission componentmay transmit, using one or more resources from the set of resources, a first sidelink message, wherein the first sidelink message is associated with the second RAT.

1104 1104 The transmission componentmay transmit the control signal using a numerology associated with the first RAT. The transmission componentmay transmit the control signal to reserve the set of resources associated with the resource pool, wherein UEs that use the second RAT for sidelink communications reserve resources associated with the sidelink channel, using control signals associated with the second RAT, from the resource pool.

1104 The transmission componentmay transmit a second sidelink message associated with the second RAT, wherein the second sidelink message uses first time domain resources that at least partially overlap with second time domain resources used for the transmission of the control signal.

1108 1104 1104 1104 The determination componentmay allocate a subset of frequency domain resources, from a set of frequency domain resources associated with the second sidelink message, for the control signal. The transmission componentmay perform rate matching to allocate information associated with the second sidelink message to remaining frequency domain resources from the set of frequency domain resources. The transmission componentmay transmit the control signal, associated with the first RAT, using the subset of frequency domain resources. The transmission componentmay transmit the second sidelink message, associated with the second RAT, using the remaining frequency domain resources.

1104 The transmission componentmay transmit the control signal using a subset of frequency domain resources from the resource pool.

1108 1104 1108 1104 The determination componentmay determine whether one or more rules are satisfied. The transmission componentmay transmit the control signal based at least in part on the one or more rules being satisfied. The determination componentmay determine whether a time gap between the control signal and a previous control signal is satisfied. The transmission componentmay transmit the control signal based at least in part on the time gap being satisfied.

1108 1104 The determination componentmay detect a trigger event. The transmission componentmay transmit the control signal based at least in part on detecting the trigger event.

1110 1104 The measurement componentmay measure a link measurement value. The transmission componentmay transmit the control signal based at least in part on the link measurement value satisfying a threshold.

1108 1104 The determination componentmay estimate a penetration rate, for the sidelink channel, associated with the second RAT. The transmission componentmay transmit the control signal based at least in part on the penetration rate satisfying a threshold.

1108 1104 The determination componentmay detect a number of UEs in an area located proximate to the UE. The transmission componentmay transmit the control signal based at least in part on the number of UEs satisfying a threshold.

11 FIG. 11 FIG. 11 FIG. 11 FIG. 11 FIG. 11 FIG. The number and arrangement of components shown inare provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in. Furthermore, two or more components shown inmay be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown inmay be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown inmay perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in.

The following provides an overview of some Aspects of the present disclosure:

Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising: receiving one or more signals associated with a sidelink channel to perform sensing of the sidelink channel; transmitting a control signal associated with a first radio access technology (RAT) to reserve a set of resources associated with a resource pool for the sidelink channel based at least in part on the sensing of the sidelink channel, wherein at least one of the set of resources or the resource pool is associated with a second RAT; and transmitting, using one or more resources from the set of resources, a first sidelink message, wherein the first sidelink message is associated with the second RAT.

Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, wherein the first RAT is a Long Term Evolution (LTE) RAT and the second RAT is a New Radio (NR) RAT.

Aspect 3: The method of any of Aspects 1-2, wherein transmitting the control signal associated with the first RAT comprises: transmitting the control signal using a numerology associated with the first RAT.

Aspect 4: The method of any of Aspects 1-3, wherein transmitting the control signal associated with the first RAT comprises: transmitting the control signal to reserve the set of resources associated with the resource pool, wherein UEs that use the second RAT for sidelink communications reserve resources associated with the sidelink channel, using control signals associated with the second RAT, from the resource pool.

Aspect 5: The method of any of Aspects 1-4, further comprising: transmitting a second sidelink message associated with the second RAT, wherein the second sidelink message uses first time domain resources that at least partially overlap with second time domain resources used for the transmission of the control signal.

Aspect 6: The method of Aspect 5, wherein the second sidelink message uses first frequency domain resources and the control signal uses second frequency domain resources, and wherein the first frequency domain resources and the second frequency domain resources are contiguous.

Aspect 7: The method of Aspect 5, wherein the second sidelink message uses first frequency domain resources and the control signal uses second frequency domain resources, and wherein the first frequency domain resources and the second frequency domain resources are non-contiguous.

Aspect 8: The method of any of Aspects 5-7, wherein transmitting the second sidelink message associated with the second RAT comprises: allocating a subset of frequency domain resources, from a set of frequency domain resources associated with the second sidelink message, for the control signal; performing rate matching to allocate information associated with the second sidelink message to remaining frequency domain resources from the set of frequency domain resources; transmitting the control signal, associated with the first RAT, using the subset of frequency domain resources; and transmitting the second sidelink message, associated with the second RAT, using the remaining frequency domain resources.

Aspect 9: The method of any of Aspects 1-8, wherein the control signal indicates at least one of: an identifier associated with the UE, a time domain resource allocation associated with the set of resources, a frequency domain resource allocation associated with the set of resources, or a reservation periodicity.

Aspect 10: The method of any of Aspects 1-9, wherein the control signal indicates a Layer 1 identifier, and wherein the Layer 1 identifier is common for all UEs associated with the second RAT.

Aspect 11: The method of any of Aspects 1-10, wherein the control signal indicates a time domain resource allocation associated with the set of resources, and wherein the time domain resource allocation indicates a time gap between a slot used for the transmission of the control signal and a slot reserved for the set of resources.

Aspect 12: The method of any of Aspects 1-11, wherein the control signal indicates a frequency domain resource allocation associated with the set of resources, and wherein the frequency domain resource allocation indicates a number of subchannels associated with the set of resources and a starting subchannel for retransmissions associated with the set of resources.

Aspect 13: The method of Aspect 12, wherein the control signal is transmitted with a second sidelink message associated with the second RAT, and wherein the number of subchannels is based at least in part on a number of subchannels allocated for the second sidelink message.

Aspect 14: The method of Aspect 13, wherein the number of subchannels is at least one of: a number of subchannels from a first subchannel allocated for the second sidelink message to a last available subchannel in the resource pool, or the number of subchannels allocated for the second sidelink message.

Aspect 15: The method of any of Aspects 12-14, wherein the control signal is transmitted with a second sidelink message associated with the second RAT, and wherein the starting subchannel is at least one of: a first subchannel in the resource pool, or a first subchannel allocated for the second sidelink message.

Aspect 16: The method of any of Aspects 12-15, wherein the number of subchannels is a number of subchannels included in the resource pool.

Aspect 17: The method of any of Aspects 12-16, wherein the starting subchannel is a first subchannel in the resource pool.

Aspect 18: The method of any of Aspects 1-17, wherein the control signal indicates a reservation periodicity, and wherein the reservation periodicity is a fixed value or a configurable value.

Aspect 19: The method of any of Aspects 1-18, wherein transmitting the control signal associated with the first RAT comprises: transmitting the control signal using a subset of frequency domain resources from the resource pool.

Aspect 20: The method of Aspect 19, wherein the subset of frequency domain resources is a fixed subset of frequency domain resources for control signals associated with the first RAT transmitted by UEs that use the second RAT for sidelink communications.

Aspect 21: The method of any of Aspects 19-20, wherein the subset of frequency domain resources includes a first subchannel, in the frequency domain, included in the resource pool.

Aspect 22: The method of any of Aspects 1-21, wherein the transmission of the control signal is based at least in part on one or more rules being satisfied.

Aspect 23: The method of Aspect 22, wherein the one or more rules include at least one of: a first rule indicating that the control signal associated with the first RAT is not to be transmitted if a feedback message, associated with the second RAT, is scheduled during time domain resources associated with the control signal; a second rule indicating that the control signal associated with the first RAT is not to be transmitted if the UE is scheduled to receive or transmit a first sidelink communication during time domain resources associated with the control signal, and the first sidelink communication is associated with a priority that is the same as, or higher than, a priority of the first sidelink message; or a third rule indicating that the control signal associated with the first RAT is not to be transmitted if the UE is scheduled to receive a second sidelink communication during time domain resources associated with the control signal.

Aspect 24: The method of any of Aspects 1-23, the transmission of the control signal is based at least in part on at least one of: a time gap between the control signal and a previous control signal, or a trigger event occurring.

Aspect 25: The method of Aspect 24, wherein the time gap is a fixed time gap indicating transmission opportunities for control signals associated with the first RAT.

Aspect 26: The method of Aspect 24, wherein the time gap satisfies a time threshold associated with the control signal and the previous control signal, and wherein the transmission of the control signal is based at least in part on the time gap satisfying the time threshold.

Aspect 27: The method of any of Aspects 24-26, wherein the trigger event includes at least one of: a change in resources associated with the resource pool, or a change in a traffic pattern or a traffic flow associated with the UE.

Aspect 28: The method of any of Aspects 1-27, wherein transmitting the control signal associated with the first RAT comprises: measuring a link measurement value; and transmitting the control signal based at least in part on the link measurement value satisfying a threshold.

Aspect 29: The method of any of Aspects 1-28, wherein transmitting the control signal associated with the first RAT comprises: estimating a penetration rate, for the sidelink channel, associated with the second RAT; and transmitting the control signal based at least in part on the penetration rate satisfying a threshold.

Aspect 30: The method of any of Aspects 1-29, wherein transmitting the control signal associated with the first RAT comprises: detecting a number of UEs in an area located proximate to the UE; and transmitting the control signal based at least in part on the number of UEs satisfying a threshold.

Aspect 31: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, comprising a processor; memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-30.

Aspect 32: A device for wireless communication, comprising a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processors configured to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-30.

Aspect 33: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 1-30.

Aspect 34: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-30.

Aspect 35: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-30.

The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects.

As used herein, the term “component” is intended to be broadly construed as hardware and/or a combination of hardware and software. “Software” shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, and/or functions, among other examples, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. As used herein, a “processor” is implemented in hardware and/or a combination of hardware and software. It will be apparent that systems and/or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms of hardware and/or a combination of hardware and software. The actual specialized control hardware or software code used to implement these systems and/or methods is not limiting of the aspects. Thus, the operation and behavior of the systems and/or methods are described herein without reference to specific software code, since those skilled in the art will understand that software and hardware can be designed to implement the systems and/or methods based, at least in part, on the description herein.

As used herein, “satisfying a threshold” may, depending on the context, refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, not equal to the threshold, or the like.

Even though particular combinations of features are recited in the claims and/or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims and/or disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set. As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a+b, a+c, b+c, and a+b+c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (e.g., a+a, a+a+a, a+a+b, a+a+c, a+b+b, a+c+c, b+b, b+b+b, b+b+c, c+c, and c+c+c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c).

No element, act, or instruction used herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Also, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Further, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items referenced in connection with the article “the” and may be used interchangeably with “the one or more.” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has,” “have,” “having,” or the like are intended to be open-ended terms that do not limit an element that they modify (e.g., an element “having” A may also have B). Further, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based, at least in part, on” unless explicitly stated otherwise. Also, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and/or,” unless explicitly stated otherwise (e.g., if used in combination with “either” or “only one of”).