Beam failure recovery via relay node

This Patent Application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/380,476, filed on Oct. 21, 2022, entitled “BEAM FAILURE RECOVERY VIA RELAY NODE,” and assigned to the assignee hereof. The disclosure of the prior Application is considered part of and is incorporated by reference into this Patent Application.

Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication and to techniques and apparatuses for beam failure recovery (BFR) via a relay node.

Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power, or the like). Examples of such multiple-access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems, and Long Term Evolution (LTE). LTE/LTE-Advanced is a set of enhancements to the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile standard promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

A wireless network may include one or more network nodes that support communication for wireless communication devices, such as a user equipment (UE) or multiple UEs. A UE may communicate with a network node via downlink communications and uplink communications. “Downlink” (or “DL”) refers to a communication link from the network node to the UE, and “uplink” (or “UL”) refers to a communication link from the UE to the network node. Some wireless networks may support device-to-device communication, such as via a local link (e.g., a sidelink (SL), a wireless local area network (WLAN) link, and/or a wireless personal area network (WPAN) link, among other examples).

The above multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different UEs to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, and/or global level. New Radio (NR), which may be referred to as 5G, is a set of enhancements to the LTE mobile standard promulgated by the 3GPP. NR is designed to better support mobile broadband internet access by improving spectral efficiency, lowering costs, improving services, making use of new spectrum, and better integrating with other open standards using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with a cyclic prefix (CP) (CP-OFDM) on the downlink, using CP-OFDM and/or single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) (also known as discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM)) on the uplink, as well as supporting beamforming, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, and carrier aggregation. As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, further improvements in LTE, NR, and other radio access technologies remain useful.

Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE). The method may include transmitting a beam failure recovery (BFR) message regarding a failed link, wherein the failed link is one of an indirect link with a network node via a relay node or a direct link with the network node, wherein the BFR message is transmitted on one of the indirect link or the direct link that is not the failed link. The method may include receiving an updated beam configuration for the failed link on a selected beam indicated by the BFR message.

Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a network node. The method may include receiving a BFR message regarding a failed link, wherein the failed link is one of an indirect link with a remote UE via a relay node or a direct link with the remote UE, wherein the BFR message is received on one of the indirect link or the direct link that is not the failed link. The method may include transmitting an updated beam configuration for the failed link on a selected beam indicated by the BFR message.

Some aspects described herein relate to a UE for wireless communication. The UE may include a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory. The one or more processors may be configured to transmit a BFR message regarding a failed link, wherein the failed link is one of an indirect link with a network node via a relay node or a direct link with the network node, wherein the BFR message is transmitted on one of the indirect link or the direct link that is not the failed link. The one or more processors may be configured to receive an updated beam configuration for the failed link on a selected beam indicated by the BFR message.

Some aspects described herein relate to a network node for wireless communication. The network node may include a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory. The one or more processors may be configured to receive a BFR message regarding a failed link, wherein the failed link is one of an indirect link with a remote UE via a relay node or a direct link with the remote UE, wherein the BFR message is received on one of the indirect link or the direct link that is not the failed link. The one or more processors may be configured to transmit an updated beam configuration for the failed link on a selected beam indicated by the BFR message.

Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a UE. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to transmit a BFR message regarding a failed link, wherein the failed link is one of an indirect link with a network node via a relay node or a direct link with the network node, wherein the BFR message is transmitted on one of the indirect link or the direct link that is not the failed link. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to receive an updated beam configuration for the failed link on a selected beam indicated by the BFR message.

Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a network node. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the network node, may cause the network node to receive a BFR message regarding a failed link, wherein the failed link is one of an indirect link with a remote UE via a relay node or a direct link with the remote UE, wherein the BFR message is received on one of the indirect link or the direct link that is not the failed link. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the network node, may cause the network node to transmit an updated beam configuration for the failed link on a selected beam indicated by the BFR message.

Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for transmitting a BFR message regarding a failed link, wherein the failed link is one of an indirect link with a network node via a relay node or a direct link with the network node, wherein the BFR message is transmitted on one of the indirect link or the direct link that is not the failed link. The apparatus may include means for receiving an updated beam configuration for the failed link on a selected beam indicated by the BFR message.

Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for receiving a BFR message regarding a failed link, wherein the failed link is one of an indirect link with a remote UE via a relay node or a direct link with the remote UE, wherein the BFR message is received on one of the indirect link or the direct link that is not the failed link. The apparatus may include means for transmitting an updated beam configuration for the failed link on a selected beam indicated by the BFR message.

Aspects generally include a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, base station, network entity, network node, wireless communication device, and/or processing system as substantially described herein with reference to and as illustrated by the drawings.

The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of examples according to the disclosure in order that the detailed description that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages will be described hereinafter. The conception and specific examples disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated advantages, will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying figures. Each of the figures is provided for the purposes of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims.

While aspects are described in the present disclosure by illustration to some examples, those skilled in the art will understand that such aspects may be implemented in many different arrangements and scenarios. Techniques described herein may be implemented using different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and/or packaging arrangements. For example, some aspects may be implemented via integrated chip embodiments or other non-module-component based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail/purchasing devices, medical devices, and/or artificial intelligence devices). Aspects may be implemented in chip-level components, modular components, non-modular components, non-chip-level components, device-level components, and/or system-level components. Devices incorporating described aspects and features may include additional components and features for implementation and practice of claimed and described aspects. For example, transmission and reception of wireless signals may include one or more components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, radio frequency (RF) chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders, and/or summers). It is intended that aspects described herein may be practiced in a wide variety of devices, components, systems, distributed arrangements, and/or end-user devices of varying size, shape, and constitution.

Various aspects of the disclosure are described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. This disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to any specific structure or function presented throughout this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. One skilled in the art should appreciate that the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or combined with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover such an apparatus or method which is practiced using other structure, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to or other than the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.

Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various apparatuses and techniques. These apparatuses and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, algorithms, or the like (collectively referred to as “elements”). These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or combinations thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.

While aspects may be described herein using terminology commonly associated with a 5G or New Radio (NR) radio access technology (RAT), aspects of the present disclosure can be applied to other RATs, such as a 3G RAT, a 4G RAT, and/or a RAT subsequent to 5G (e.g., 6G).

1 FIG. 100 100 100 110 110 110 110 110 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 110 120 110 110 110 110 a b c d a b c d e is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure. The wireless networkmay be or may include elements of a 5G (e.g., NR) network and/or a 4G (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE)) network, among other examples. The wireless networkmay include one or more network nodes(shown as a network node, a network node, a network node, and a network node), a user equipment (UE)or multiple UEs(shown as a UE, a UE, a UE, a UE, and a UE), and/or other entities. A network nodeis a network node that communicates with UEs. As shown, a network nodemay include one or more network nodes. For example, a network nodemay be an aggregated network node, meaning that the aggregated network node is configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single radio access network (RAN) node (e.g., within a single device or unit). As another example, a network nodemay be a disaggregated network node (sometimes referred to as a disaggregated base station), meaning that the network nodeis configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more nodes (such as one or more central units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs)).

110 120 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 100 In some examples, a network nodeis or includes a network node that communicates with UEsvia a radio access link, such as an RU. In some examples, a network nodeis or includes a network node that communicates with other network nodesvia a fronthaul link or a midhaul link, such as a DU. In some examples, a network nodeis or includes a network node that communicates with other network nodesvia a midhaul link or a core network via a backhaul link, such as a CU. In some examples, a network node(such as an aggregated network nodeor a disaggregated network node) may include multiple network nodes, such as one or more RUs, one or more CUs, and/or one or more DUs. A network nodemay include, for example, an NR base station, an LTE base station, a Node B, an eNB (e.g., in 4G), a gNB (e.g., in 5G), an access point, a transmission reception point (TRP), a DU, an RU, a CU, a mobility element of a network, a core network node, a network element, a network equipment, a RAN node, or a combination thereof. In some examples, the network nodesmay be interconnected to one another or to one or more other network nodesin the wireless networkthrough various types of fronthaul, midhaul, and/or backhaul interfaces, such as a direct physical connection, an air interface, or a virtual network, using any suitable transport network.

110 110 110 120 120 120 120 110 110 110 110 102 110 102 110 102 110 1 FIG. a a b b c c In some examples, a network nodemay provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), the term “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a network nodeand/or a network node subsystem serving this coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used. A network nodemay provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, and/or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEswith service subscriptions. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEswith service subscriptions. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may allow restricted access by UEshaving association with the femto cell (e.g., UEsin a closed subscriber group (CSG)). A network nodefor a macro cell may be referred to as a macro network node. A network nodefor a pico cell may be referred to as a pico network node. A network nodefor a femto cell may be referred to as a femto network node or an in-home network node. In the example shown in, the network nodemay be a macro network node for a macro cell, the network nodemay be a pico network node for a pico cell, and the network nodemay be a femto network node for a femto cell. A network node may support one or multiple (e.g., three) cells. In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary, and the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of a network nodethat is mobile (e.g., a mobile network node).

110 In some aspects, the term “base station” or “network node” may refer to an aggregated base station, a disaggregated base station, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, or one or more components thereof. For example, in some aspects, “base station” or “network node” may refer to a CU, a DU, an RU, a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC), or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the term “base station” or “network node” may refer to one device configured to perform one or more functions, such as those described herein in connection with the network node. In some aspects, the term “base station” or “network node” may refer to a plurality of devices configured to perform the one or more functions. For example, in some distributed systems, each of a quantity of different devices (which may be located in the same geographic location or in different geographic locations) may be configured to perform at least a portion of a function, or to duplicate performance of at least a portion of the function, and the term “base station” or “network node” may refer to any one or more of those different devices. In some aspects, the term “base station” or “network node” may refer to one or more virtual base stations or one or more virtual base station functions. For example, in some aspects, two or more base station functions may be instantiated on a single device. In some aspects, the term “base station” or “network node” may refer to one of the base station functions and not another. In this way, a single device may include more than one base station.

100 110 120 120 110 120 120 110 110 120 110 120 110 1 FIG. d a d a d The wireless networkmay include one or more relay stations. A relay station is a network node that can receive a transmission of data from an upstream node (e.g., a network nodeor a UE) and send a transmission of the data to a downstream node (e.g., a UEor a network node). A relay station may be a UEthat can relay transmissions for other UEs. In the example shown in, the network node(e.g., a relay network node) may communicate with the network node(e.g., a macro network node) and the UEin order to facilitate communication between the network nodeand the UE. A network nodethat relays communications may be referred to as a relay station, a relay base station, a relay network node, a relay node, a relay, or the like.

100 110 110 100 The wireless networkmay be a heterogeneous network that includes network nodesof different types, such as macro network nodes, pico network nodes, femto network nodes, relay network nodes, or the like. These different types of network nodesmay have different transmit power levels, different coverage areas, and/or different impacts on interference in the wireless network. For example, macro network nodes may have a high transmit power level (e.g., 5 to 40 watts) whereas pico network nodes, femto network nodes, and relay network nodes may have lower transmit power levels (e.g., 0.1 to 2 watts).

130 110 110 130 110 110 130 A network controllermay couple to or communicate with a set of network nodesand may provide coordination and control for these network nodes. The network controllermay communicate with the network nodesvia a backhaul communication link or a midhaul communication link. The network nodesmay communicate with one another directly or indirectly via a wireless or wireline backhaul communication link. In some aspects, the network controllermay be a CU or a core network device, or may include a CU or a core network device.

120 100 120 120 120 The UEsmay be dispersed throughout the wireless network, and each UEmay be stationary or mobile. A UEmay include, for example, an access terminal, a terminal, a mobile station, and/or a subscriber unit. A UEmay be a cellular phone (e.g., a smart phone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, smart jewelry (e.g., a smart ring or a smart bracelet)), an entertainment device (e.g., a music device, a video device, and/or a satellite radio), a vehicular component or sensor, a smart meter/sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a global positioning system device, a UE function of a network node, and/or any other suitable device that is configured to communicate via a wireless or wired medium.

120 120 120 120 120 Some UEsmay be considered machine-type communication (MTC) or evolved or enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) UEs. An MTC UE and/or an eMTC UE may include, for example, a robot, a drone, a remote device, a sensor, a meter, a monitor, and/or a location tag, that may communicate with a network node, another device (e.g., a remote device), or some other entity. Some UEsmay be considered Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, and/or may be implemented as NB-IoT (narrowband IoT) devices. Some UEsmay be considered a Customer Premises Equipment. A UEmay be included inside a housing that houses components of the UE, such as processor components and/or memory components. In some examples, the processor components and the memory components may be coupled together. For example, the processor components (e.g., one or more processors) and the memory components (e.g., a memory) may be operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, and/or electrically coupled.

100 100 In general, any number of wireless networksmay be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless networkmay support a particular RAT and may operate on one or more frequencies. A RAT may be referred to as a radio technology, an air interface, or the like. A frequency may be referred to as a carrier, a frequency channel, or the like. Each frequency may support a single RAT in a given geographic area in order to avoid interference between wireless networks of different RATs. In some cases, NR or 5G RAT networks may be deployed.

120 120 120 110 120 120 110 a e In some examples, two or more UEs(e.g., shown as UEand UE) may communicate directly using one or more sidelink channels (e.g., without using a network nodeas an intermediary to communicate with one another). For example, the UEsmay communicate using peer-to-peer (P2P) communications, device-to-device (D2D) communications, a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) protocol (e.g., which may include a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocol, a vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocol, or a vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocol), and/or a mesh network. In such examples, a UEmay perform scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and/or other operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by the network node.

100 100 Devices of the wireless networkmay communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided by frequency or wavelength into various classes, bands, channels, or the like. For example, devices of the wireless networkmay communicate using one or more operating bands. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz-7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz-52.6 GHz). It should be understood that although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “Sub-6 GHz” band in various documents and articles. A similar nomenclature issue sometimes occurs with regard to FR2, which is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in documents and articles, despite being different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz-300 GHz) which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band.

The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR studies have identified an operating band for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125 GHz-24.25 GHz). Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics and/or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 and/or FR2 into mid-band frequencies. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz-71 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz-114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz-300 GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

With the above examples in mind, unless specifically stated otherwise, it should be understood that the term “sub-6 GHz” or the like, if used herein, may broadly represent frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. Further, unless specifically stated otherwise, it should be understood that the term “millimeter wave” or the like, if used herein, may broadly represent frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1, and/or FR5, or may be within the EHF band. It is contemplated that the frequencies included in these operating bands (e.g., FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, and/or FR5) may be modified, and techniques described herein are applicable to those modified frequency ranges.

120 140 140 140 In some aspects, the UEmay include a communication manager. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication managermay transmit a BFR message regarding a failed link, wherein the failed link is one of an indirect link with a network node via a relay node or a direct link with the network node, wherein the BFR message is transmitted on one of the indirect link or the direct link that is not the failed link; and receive an updated beam configuration for the failed link on a selected beam indicated by the BFR message. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication managermay perform one or more other operations described herein.

110 150 150 150 In some aspects, the network nodemay include a communication manager. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication managermay receive a BFR message regarding a failed link, wherein the failed link is one of an indirect link with a remote UE via a relay node or a direct link with the remote UE, wherein the BFR message is received on one of the indirect link or the direct link that is not the failed link; and transmit an updated beam configuration for the failed link on a selected beam indicated by the BFR message. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication managermay perform one or more other operations described herein.

1 FIG. 1 FIG. As indicated above,is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to.

2 FIG. 200 110 120 100 110 234 234 120 252 252 110 200 234 254 110 120 110 120 a t a r is a diagram illustrating an exampleof a network nodein communication with a UEin a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure. The network nodemay be equipped with a set of antennasthrough, such as T antennas (T≥1). The UEmay be equipped with a set of antennasthrough, such as R antennas (R≥1). The network nodeof exampleincludes one or more radio frequency components, such as antennasand a modem. In some examples, a network nodemay include an interface, a communication component, or another component that facilitates communication with the UEor another network node. Some network nodesmay not include radio frequency components that facilitate direct communication with the UE, such as one or more CUs, or one or more DUs.

110 220 212 120 120 220 120 120 110 120 120 120 220 220 230 232 232 232 232 232 232 232 232 234 234 234 a t a t a t. At the network node, a transmit processormay receive data, from a data source, intended for the UE(or a set of UEs). The transmit processormay select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) for the UEbased at least in part on one or more channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from that UE. The network nodemay process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for the UEbased at least in part on the MCS(s) selected for the UEand may provide data symbols for the UE. The transmit processormay process system information (e.g., for semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI)) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, and/or upper layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and control symbols. The transmit processormay generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) or a demodulation reference signal (DMRS)) and synchronization signals (e.g., a primary synchronization signal (PSS) or a secondary synchronization signal (SSS)). A transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processormay perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and/or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (e.g., T output symbol streams) to a corresponding set of modems(e.g., T modems), shown as modemsthrough. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem. Each modemmay use a respective modulator component to process a respective output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modemmay further use a respective modulator component to process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and/or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. The modemsthroughmay transmit a set of downlink signals (e.g., T downlink signals) via a corresponding set of antennas(e.g., T antennas), shown as antennasthrough

120 252 252 252 110 110 254 254 254 254 254 254 256 254 258 120 260 280 120 284 a r a r At the UE, a set of antennas(shown as antennasthrough) may receive the downlink signals from the network nodeand/or other network nodesand may provide a set of received signals (e.g., R received signals) to a set of modems(e.g., R modems), shown as modemsthrough. For example, each received signal may be provided to a demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of a modem. Each modemmay use a respective demodulator component to condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and/or digitize) a received signal to obtain input samples. Each modemmay use a demodulator component to further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain received symbols. A MIMO detectormay obtain received symbols from the modems, may perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and may provide detected symbols. A receive processormay process (e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, may provide decoded data for the UEto a data sink, and may provide decoded control information and system information to a controller/processor. The term “controller/processor” may refer to one or more controllers, one or more processors, or a combination thereof. A channel processor may determine a reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, and/or a CQI parameter, among other examples. In some examples, one or more components of the UEmay be included in a housing.

130 294 290 292 130 130 110 294 The network controllermay include a communication unit, a controller/processor, and a memory. The network controllermay include, for example, one or more devices in a core network. The network controllermay communicate with the network nodevia the communication unit.

234 234 252 252 a t a r 2 FIG. One or more antennas (e.g., antennasthroughand/or antennasthrough) may include, or may be included within, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, and/or one or more antenna arrays, among other examples. An antenna panel, an antenna group, a set of antenna elements, and/or an antenna array may include one or more antenna elements (within a single housing or multiple housings), a set of coplanar antenna elements, a set of non-coplanar antenna elements, and/or one or more antenna elements coupled to one or more transmission and/or reception components, such as one or more components of.

120 264 262 280 264 264 266 254 110 254 120 120 252 254 256 258 264 266 280 282 4 12 FIGS.- On the uplink, at the UE, a transmit processormay receive and process data from a data sourceand control information (e.g., for reports that include RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, and/or CQI) from the controller/processor. The transmit processormay generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals. The symbols from the transmit processormay be precoded by a TX MIMO processorif applicable, further processed by the modems(e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM), and transmitted to the network node. In some examples, the modemof the UEmay include a modulator and a demodulator. In some examples, the UEincludes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of the antenna(s), the modem(s), the MIMO detector, the receive processor, the transmit processor, and/or the TX MIMO processor. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., the controller/processor) and the memoryto perform aspects of any of the methods described herein (e.g., with reference to).

110 120 234 232 232 236 238 120 238 239 240 110 244 130 244 110 246 120 232 110 110 234 232 236 238 220 230 240 242 4 12 FIGS.- At the network node, the uplink signals from UEand/or other UEs may be received by the antennas, processed by the modem(e.g., a demodulator component, shown as DEMOD, of the modem), detected by a MIMO detectorif applicable, and further processed by a receive processorto obtain decoded data and control information sent by the UE. The receive processormay provide the decoded data to a data sinkand provide the decoded control information to the controller/processor. The network nodemay include a communication unitand may communicate with the network controllervia the communication unit. The network nodemay include a schedulerto schedule one or more UEsfor downlink and/or uplink communications. In some examples, the modemof the network nodemay include a modulator and a demodulator. In some examples, the network nodeincludes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of the antenna(s), the modem(s), the MIMO detector, the receive processor, the transmit processor, and/or the TX MIMO processor. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., the controller/processor) and the memoryto perform aspects of any of the methods described herein (e.g., with reference to).

240 110 280 120 240 110 280 120 900 1000 242 282 110 120 242 282 110 120 120 110 900 1000 2 FIG. 2 FIG. 9 FIG. 10 FIG. 9 FIG. 10 FIG. The controller/processorof the network node, the controller/processorof the UE, and/or any other component(s) ofmay perform one or more techniques associated with beam failure recovery, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the controller/processorof the network node, the controller/processorof the UE, and/or any other component(s) ofmay perform or direct operations of, for example, processof, processof, and/or other processes as described herein. The memoryand the memorymay store data and program codes for the network nodeand the UE, respectively. In some examples, the memoryand/or the memorymay include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions (e.g., code and/or program code) for wireless communication. For example, the one or more instructions, when executed (e.g., directly, or after compiling, converting, and/or interpreting) by one or more processors of the network nodeand/or the UE, may cause the one or more processors, the UE, and/or the network nodeto perform or direct operations of, for example, processof, processof, and/or other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running the instructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions, and/or interpreting the instructions, among other examples.

120 140 252 254 256 258 264 266 280 282 4 FIG. In some aspects, a UE (e.g., UE) includes means for transmitting a BFR message regarding a failed link, wherein the failed link is one of an indirect link with a network node via a relay node or a direct link with the network node, wherein the BFR message is transmitted on one of the indirect link or the direct link that is not the failed link; and/or means for receiving an updated beam configuration for the failed link on a selected beam indicated by the BFR message. The means for the UE to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager, antenna, modem, MIMO detector, receive processor, transmit processor, TX MIMO processor, controller/processor, memory, or one or more components of.

110 150 220 230 232 234 236 238 240 242 246 4 FIG. In some aspects, a network node (e.g., network node) includes means for receiving a BFR message regarding a failed link, wherein the failed link is one of an indirect link with a remote UE via a relay node or a direct link with the remote UE, wherein the BFR message is received on one of the indirect link or the direct link that is not the failed link; and/or means for transmitting an updated beam configuration for the failed link on a selected beam indicated by the BFR message. The means for the network node to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager, transmit processor, TX MIMO processor, modem, antenna, MIMO detector, receive processor, controller/processor, memory, scheduler, or one or more components of.

2 FIG. 264 258 266 280 While blocks inare illustrated as distinct components, the functions described above with respect to the blocks may be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combination component or in various combinations of components. For example, the functions described with respect to the transmit processor, the receive processor, and/or the TX MIMO processormay be performed by or under the control of the controller/processor.

2 FIG. 2 FIG. As indicated above,is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to.

Deployment of communication systems, such as 5G NR systems, may be arranged in multiple manners with various components or constituent parts. In a 5G NR system, or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a RAN node, a core network node, a network element, a base station, or a network equipment may be implemented in an aggregated or disaggregated architecture. For example, a base station (such as a Node B (NB), an evolved NB (eNB), an NR BS, a 5G NB, an access point (AP), a TRP, or a cell, among other examples), or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality, may be implemented as an aggregated base station (also known as a standalone base station or a monolithic base station) or a disaggregated base station. “Network entity” or “network node” may refer to a disaggregated base station, or to one or more units of a disaggregated base station (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, one or more RUs, or a combination thereof).

An aggregated base station (e.g., an aggregated network node) may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node (e.g., within a single device or unit). A disaggregated base station (e.g., a disaggregated network node) may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more units (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, or one or more RUs). In some examples, a CU may be implemented within a network node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed throughout one or multiple other network nodes. The DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU and RU also can be implemented as virtual units, such as a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU), among other examples.

Base station-type operation or network design may consider aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, disaggregated base stations may be utilized in an IAB network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (such as the network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance)), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)) to facilitate scaling of communication systems by separating base station functionality into one or more units that can be individually deployed. A disaggregated base station may include functionality implemented across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as functionality implemented for at least one unit virtually, which can enable flexibility in network design. The various units of the disaggregated base station can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit of the disaggregated base station.

3 FIG. 300 300 310 320 320 325 315 305 310 330 330 340 340 120 120 340 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture, in accordance with the present disclosure. The disaggregated base station architecturemay include a CUthat can communicate directly with a core networkvia a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core networkthrough one or more disaggregated control units (such as a Near-RT RICvia an E2 link, or a Non-RT RICassociated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework, or both). A CUmay communicate with one or more DUsvia respective midhaul links, such as through F1 interfaces. Each of the DUsmay communicate with one or more RUsvia respective fronthaul links. Each of the RUsmay communicate with one or more UEsvia respective radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UEmay be simultaneously served by multiple RUs.

310 330 340 325 315 305 Each of the units, including the CUs, the DUs, the RUs, as well as the Near-RT RICs, the Non-RT RICs, and the SMO Framework, may include one or more interfaces or be coupled with one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to one or multiple communication interfaces of the respective unit, can be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. In some examples, each of the units can include a wired interface, configured to receive or transmit signals over a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other units, and a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter or transceiver (such as an RF transceiver), configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.

310 310 310 310 310 330 In some aspects, the CUmay host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions can include radio resource control (RRC) functions, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) functions, or service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) functions, among other examples. Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU. The CUmay be configured to handle user plane functionality (for example, Central Unit-User Plane (CU-UP) functionality), control plane functionality (for example, Central Unit-Control Plane (CU-CP) functionality), or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CUcan be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. A CU-UP unit can communicate bidirectionally with a CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CUcan be implemented to communicate with a DU, as necessary, for network control and signaling.

330 340 330 330 330 310 Each DUmay correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs. In some aspects, the DUmay host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a MAC layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as a functional split defined by the 3GPP. In some aspects, the one or more high PHY layers may be implemented by one or more modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, and modulation and demodulation, among other examples. In some aspects, the DUmay further host one or more low PHY layers, such as implemented by one or more modules for a fast Fourier transform (FFT), an inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, or physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, among other examples. Each layer (which also may be referred to as a module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU, or with the control functions hosted by the CU.

340 340 330 340 120 340 330 330 310 Each RUmay implement lower-layer functionality. In some deployments, an RU, controlled by a DU, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions or low-PHY layer functions, such as performing an FFT, performing an iFFT, digital beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, among other examples, based on a functional split (for example, a functional split defined by the 3GPP), such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, each RUcan be operated to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU(s)can be controlled by the corresponding DU. In some scenarios, this configuration can enable each DUand the CUto be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.

305 305 305 390 310 330 340 315 325 305 311 305 340 305 315 305 The SMO Frameworkmay be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Frameworkmay be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO Frameworkmay be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) platform) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CUs, DUs, RUs, non-RT RICs, and Near-RT RICs. In some implementations, the SMO Frameworkcan communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB), via an O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO Frameworkcan communicate directly with each of one or more RUsvia a respective O1 interface. The SMO Frameworkalso may include a Non-RT RICconfigured to support functionality of the SMO Framework.

315 325 315 325 325 310 330 325 The Non-RT RICmay be configured to include a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning (AI/ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications/features in the Near-RT RIC. The Non-RT RICmay be coupled to or communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC. The Near-RT RICmay be configured to include a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions over an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs, one or more DUs, or both, as well as an O-eNB, with the Near-RT RIC.

325 315 325 305 315 315 325 315 305 In some implementations, to generate AI/ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC, the Non-RT RICmay receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RICand may be received at the SMO Frameworkor the Non-RT RICfrom non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RICor the Near-RT RICmay be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RICmay monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ AI/ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO Framework(such as reconfiguration via an O1 interface) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 interface policies).

3 FIG. 3 FIG. As indicated above,is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to.

4 FIG. 400 400 100 400 is a diagram illustrating an example beamforming architecturethat supports beamforming for millimeter wave (mmW) communications, in accordance with the present disclosure. In some aspects, architecturemay implement aspects of wireless network. In some aspects, architecturemay be implemented in a transmitting device (e.g., a first wireless communication device, UE, or network node) and/or a receiving device (e.g., a second wireless communication device, UE, or network node), as described herein.

4 FIG. 2 FIG. 400 402 404 406 408 410 400 412 414 416 418 420 402 232 254 Broadly,is a diagram illustrating example hardware components of a wireless communication device in accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure. The illustrated components may include those that may be used for antenna element selection and/or for beamforming for transmission of wireless signals. There are numerous architectures for antenna element selection and implementing phase shifting, only one example of which is illustrated here. The architectureincludes a modem (modulator/demodulator), a digital to analog converter (DAC), a first mixer, a second mixer, and a splitter. The architecturealso includes multiple first amplifiers, multiple phase shifters, multiple second amplifiers, and an antenna arraythat includes multiple antenna elements. In some examples, the modemmay be one or more of the modemsor modemsdescribed in connection with.

422 424 426 428 400 422 424 426 428 430 432 434 434 240 110 280 120 2 FIG. 2 FIG. Transmission lines or other waveguides, wires, and/or traces are shown connecting the various components to illustrate how signals to be transmitted may travel between components. Reference numbers,,, andindicate regions in the architecturein which different types of signals travel or are processed. Specifically, reference numberindicates a region in which digital baseband signals travel or are processed, reference numberindicates a region in which analog baseband signals travel or are processed, reference numberindicates a region in which analog intermediate frequency (IF) signals travel or are processed, and reference numberindicates a region in which analog RF signals travel or are processed. The architecture also includes a local oscillator A, a local oscillator B, and a controller/processor. In some aspects, controller/processorcorresponds to controller/processorof the network nodedescribed above in connection withand/or controller/processorof the UEdescribed above in connection with.

420 420 420 420 420 420 420 Each of the antenna elementsmay include one or more sub-elements for radiating or receiving RF signals. For example, a single antenna elementmay include a first sub-element cross-polarized with a second sub-element that can be used to independently transmit cross-polarized signals. The antenna elementsmay include patch antennas, dipole antennas, or other types of antennas arranged in a linear pattern, a two dimensional pattern, or another pattern. A spacing between antenna elementsmay be such that signals with a desired wavelength transmitted separately by the antenna elementsmay interact or interfere (e.g., to form a desired beam). For example, given an expected range of wavelengths or frequencies, the spacing may provide a quarter wavelength, half wavelength, or other fraction of a wavelength of spacing between neighboring antenna elementsto allow for interaction or interference of signals transmitted by the separate antenna elementswithin that expected range.

402 404 406 408 410 412 414 416 420 402 404 402 406 430 406 430 408 432 408 432 402 434 430 432 The modemprocesses and generates digital baseband signals and may also control operation of the DAC, first and second mixers,, splitter, first amplifiers, phase shifters, and/or the second amplifiersto transmit signals via one or more or all of the antenna elements. The modemmay process signals and control operation in accordance with a communication standard such as a wireless standard discussed herein. The DACmay convert digital baseband signals received from the modem(and that are to be transmitted) into analog baseband signals. The first mixerupconverts analog baseband signals to analog IF signals within an IF using a local oscillator A. For example, the first mixermay mix the signals with an oscillating signal generated by the local oscillator Ato “move” the baseband analog signals to the IF. In some cases, some processing or filtering (not shown) may take place at the IF. The second mixerupconverts the analog IF signals to analog RF signals using the local oscillator B. Similar to the first mixer, the second mixermay mix the signals with an oscillating signal generated by the local oscillator Bto “move” the IF analog signals to the RF or the frequency at which signals will be transmitted or received. The modemand/or the controller/processormay adjust the frequency of local oscillator Aand/or the local oscillator Bso that a desired IF and/or RF frequency is produced and used to facilitate processing and transmission of a signal within a desired bandwidth.

400 408 410 410 400 420 412 416 414 420 420 418 410 410 410 410 410 410 In the illustrated architecture, signals upconverted by the second mixerare split or duplicated into multiple signals by the splitter. The splitterin architecturesplits the RF signal into multiple identical or nearly identical RF signals. In other examples, the split may take place with any type of signal, including with baseband digital, baseband analog, or IF analog signals. Each of these signals may correspond to an antenna element, and the signal travels through and is processed by amplifiers,, phase shifters, and/or other elements corresponding to the respective antenna elementto be provided to and transmitted by the corresponding antenna elementof the antenna array. In one example, the splittermay be an active splitter that is connected to a power supply and provides some gain so that RF signals exiting the splitterare at a power level equal to or greater than the signal entering the splitter. In another example, the splitteris a passive splitter that is not connected to power supply and the RF signals exiting the splittermay be at a power level lower than the RF signal entering the splitter.

410 412 414 420 412 416 412 416 412 416 412 416 410 412 414 416 After being split by the splitter, the resulting RF signals may enter an amplifier, such as a first amplifier, or a phase shiftercorresponding to an antenna element. The first and second amplifiers,are illustrated with dashed lines because one or both of them might not be necessary in some aspects. In some aspects, both the first amplifierand second amplifierare present. In some aspects, neither the first amplifiernor the second amplifieris present. In some aspects, one of the two amplifiers,is present but not the other. By way of example, if the splitteris an active splitter, the first amplifiermay not be used. By way of further example, if the phase shifteris an active phase shifter that can provide a gain, the second amplifiermight not be used.

412 416 420 412 416 402 434 420 402 434 410 412 414 416 420 The amplifiers,may provide a desired level of positive or negative gain. A positive gain (positive dB) may be used to increase an amplitude of a signal for radiation by a specific antenna element. A negative gain (negative dB) may be used to decrease an amplitude and/or suppress radiation of the signal by a specific antenna element. Each of the amplifiers,may be controlled independently (e.g., by the modemor the controller/processor) to provide independent control of the gain for each antenna element. For example, the modemand/or the controller/processormay have at least one control line connected to each of the splitter, first amplifiers, phase shifters, and/or second amplifiersthat may be used to configure a gain to provide a desired amount of gain for each component and thus each antenna element.

414 414 416 414 414 402 434 414 414 420 The phase shiftermay provide a configurable phase shift or phase offset to a corresponding RF signal to be transmitted. The phase shiftermay be a passive phase shifter not directly connected to a power supply. Passive phase shifters might introduce some insertion loss. The second amplifiermay boost the signal to compensate for the insertion loss. The phase shiftermay be an active phase shifter connected to a power supply such that the active phase shifter provides some amount of gain or prevents insertion loss. The settings of each of the phase shiftersare independent, meaning that each can be independently set to provide a desired amount of phase shift or the same amount of phase shift or some other configuration. The modemand/or the controller/processormay have at least one control line connected to each of the phase shiftersand which may be used to configure the phase shiftersto provide a desired amount of phase shift or phase offset between antenna elements.

400 420 456 456 418 456 418 454 454 454 402 434 454 454 420 In the illustrated architecture, RF signals received by the antenna elementsare provided to one or more first amplifiersto boost the signal strength. The first amplifiersmay be connected to the same antenna arrays(e.g., for time division duplex (TDD) operations). The first amplifiersmay be connected to different antenna arrays. The boosted RF signal is input into one or more phase shiftersto provide a configurable phase shift or phase offset for the corresponding received RF signal to enable reception via one or more Rx beams. The phase shiftermay be an active phase shifter or a passive phase shifter. The settings of the phase shiftersare independent, meaning that each can be independently set to provide a desired amount of phase shift or the same amount of phase shift or some other configuration. The modemand/or the controller/processormay have at least one control line connected to each of the phase shiftersand which may be used to configure the phase shiftersto provide a desired amount of phase shift or phase offset between antenna elementsto enable reception via one or more Rx beams.

454 452 452 452 450 452 456 452 456 452 456 452 456 The outputs of the phase shiftersmay be input to one or more second amplifiersfor signal amplification of the phase shifted received RF signals. The second amplifiersmay be individually configured to provide a configured amount of gain. The second amplifiersmay be individually configured to provide an amount of gain to ensure that the signals input to combinerhave the same magnitude. The amplifiersand/orare illustrated in dashed lines because they might not be necessary in some aspects. In some aspects, both the amplifierand the amplifierare present. In another aspect, neither the amplifiernor the amplifierare present. In other aspects, one of the amplifiers,is present but not the other.

400 454 452 450 450 400 450 450 450 450 450 452 In the illustrated architecture, signals output by the phase shifters(via the amplifierswhen present) are combined in combiner. The combinerin architecturecombines the RF signal into a signal. The combinermay be a passive combiner (e.g., not connected to a power source), which may result in some insertion loss. The combinermay be an active combiner (e.g., connected to a power source), which may result in some signal gain. When combineris an active combiner, it may provide a different (e.g., configurable) amount of gain for each input signal so that the input signals have the same magnitude when they are combined. When combineris an active combiner, the combinermay not need the second amplifierbecause the active combiner may provide the signal amplification.

450 448 446 448 446 472 470 448 446 444 444 402 The output of the combineris input into mixersand. Mixersandgenerally down convert the received RF signal using inputs from local oscillatorsand, respectively, to create intermediate or baseband signals that carry the encoded and modulated information. The output of the mixersandare input into an analog-to-digital converter (ADC)for conversion to digital signals. The digital signals output from ADCare input to modemfor baseband processing, such as decoding, de-interleaving, or similar operations.

400 400 400 418 The architectureis given by way of example only to illustrate an architecture for transmitting and/or receiving signals. In some cases, the architectureand/or each portion of the architecturemay be repeated multiple times within an architecture to accommodate or provide an arbitrary number of RF chains, antenna elements, and/or antenna panels. Furthermore, numerous alternate architectures are possible and contemplated. For example, although only a single antenna arrayis shown, two, three, or more antenna arrays may be included, each with one or more of their own corresponding amplifiers, phase shifters, splitters, mixers, DACs, ADCs, and/or modems. For example, a single UE may include two, four, or more antenna arrays for transmitting or receiving signals at different physical locations on the UE or in different directions.

422 424 426 428 410 412 416 414 404 406 406 408 414 412 416 408 414 408 432 Furthermore, mixers, splitters, amplifiers, phase shifters and other components may be located in different signal type areas (e.g., represented by different ones of the reference numbers,,,) in different implemented architectures. For example, a split of the signal to be transmitted into multiple signals may take place at the analog RF, analog IF, analog baseband, or digital baseband frequencies in different examples. Similarly, amplification and/or phase shifts may also take place at different frequencies. For example, in some aspects, one or more of the splitter, amplifiers,, or phase shiftersmay be located between the DACand the first mixeror between the first mixerand the second mixer. In one example, the functions of one or more of the components may be combined into one component. For example, the phase shiftersmay perform amplification to include or replace the first and/or or second amplifiers,. By way of another example, a phase shift may be implemented by the second mixerto obviate the need for a separate phase shifter. This technique is sometimes called local oscillator (LO) phase shifting. In some aspects of this configuration, there may be multiple IF to RF mixers (e.g., for each antenna element chain) within the second mixer, and the local oscillator Bmay supply different local oscillator signals (with different phase offsets) to each IF to RF mixer.

402 434 404 472 420 420 412 416 420 418 414 412 416 434 400 434 402 The modemand/or the controller/processormay control one or more of the other componentsthroughto select one or more antenna elementsand/or to form beams for transmission of one or more signals. For example, the antenna elementsmay be individually selected or deselected for transmission of a signal (or signals) by controlling an amplitude of one or more corresponding amplifiers, such as the first amplifiersand/or the second amplifiers. Beamforming includes generation of a beam using multiple signals on different antenna elements, where one or more or all of the multiple signals are shifted in phase relative to each other. The formed beam may carry physical or higher layer reference signals or information. As each signal of the multiple signals is radiated from a respective antenna element, the radiated signals interact, interfere (constructive and destructive interference), and amplify each other to form a resulting beam. The shape (such as the amplitude, width, and/or presence of side lobes) and the direction (such as an angle of the beam relative to a surface of the antenna array) can be dynamically controlled by modifying the phase shifts or phase offsets imparted by the phase shiftersand amplitudes imparted by the amplifiers,of the multiple signals relative to each other. The controller/processormay be located partially or fully within one or more other components of the architecture. For example, the controller/processormay be located within the modemin some aspects.

4 FIG. 4 FIG. As indicated above,is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to.

5 FIG. 5 FIG. 5 FIG. 500 510 520 500 510 520 120 110 100 120 110 120 110 is a diagram illustrating examples,, andof CSI-RS beam management procedures, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in, examples,, andinclude a UEin communication with a network nodein a wireless network (e.g., wireless network). However, the devices shown inare provided as examples, and the wireless network may support communication and beam management between other devices (e.g., between a UEand a network nodeor TRP, between a mobile termination node and a control node, between an IAB child node and an IAB parent node, and/or between a scheduled node and a scheduling node). In some aspects, the UEand the network nodemay be in a connected state (e.g., an RRC connected state).

5 FIG. 5 FIG. 500 110 120 500 500 110 120 As shown in, examplemay include a network node(e.g., one or more network node devices such as an RU, a DU, and/or a CU, among other examples) and a UEcommunicating to perform beam management using CSI-RSs. Exampledepicts a first beam management procedure (e.g., P1 CSI-RS beam management). The first beam management procedure may be referred to as a beam selection procedure, an initial beam acquisition procedure, a beam sweeping procedure, a cell search procedure, and/or a beam search procedure. As shown inand example, CSI-RSs may be configured to be transmitted from the network nodeto the UE. The CSI-RSs may be configured to be periodic (e.g., using RRC signaling), semi-persistent (e.g., using media access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE) signaling), and/or aperiodic (e.g., using downlink control information (DCI)).

110 110 120 120 110 120 120 110 120 120 120 110 120 120 110 110 110 120 500 The first beam management procedure may include the network nodeperforming beam sweeping over multiple transmit (Tx) beams. The network nodemay transmit a CSI-RS using each transmit beam for beam management. To enable the UEto perform receive (Rx) beam sweeping, the network node may use a transmit beam to transmit (e.g., with repetitions) each CSI-RS at multiple times within the same RS resource set so that the UEcan sweep through receive beams in multiple transmission instances. For example, if the network nodehas a set of N transmit beams and the UEhas a set of M receive beams, the CSI-RS may be transmitted on each of the N transmit beams M times so that the UEmay receive M instances of the CSI-RS per transmit beam. In other words, for each transmit beam of the network node, the UEmay perform beam sweeping through the receive beams of the UE. As a result, the first beam management procedure may enable the UEto measure a CSI-RS on different transmit beams using different receive beams to support selection of network nodetransmit beams/UEreceive beam(s) beam pair(s). The UEmay report the measurements to the network nodeto enable the network nodeto select one or more beam pair(s) for communication between the network nodeand the UE. While examplehas been described in connection with CSI-RSs, the first beam management process may also use synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) for beam management in a similar manner as described above.

5 FIG. 5 FIG. 510 110 120 510 510 110 120 110 110 120 110 120 110 120 120 As shown in, examplemay include a network nodeand a UEcommunicating to perform beam management using CSI-RSs. Exampledepicts a second beam management procedure (e.g., P2 CSI-RS beam management). The second beam management procedure may be referred to as a beam refinement procedure, a network node beam refinement procedure, a TRP beam refinement procedure, and/or a transmit beam refinement procedure. As shown inand example, CSI-RSs may be configured to be transmitted from the network nodeto the UE. The CSI-RSs may be configured to be aperiodic (e.g., using DCI). The second beam management procedure may include the network nodeperforming beam sweeping over one or more transmit beams. The one or more transmit beams may be a subset of all transmit beams associated with the network node(e.g., determined based at least in part on measurements reported by the UEin connection with the first beam management procedure). The network nodemay transmit a CSI-RS using each transmit beam of the one or more transmit beams for beam management. The UEmay measure each CSI-RS using a single (e.g., a same) receive beam (e.g., determined based at least in part on measurements performed in connection with the first beam management procedure). The second beam management procedure may enable the network nodeto select a best transmit beam based at least in part on measurements of the CSI-RSs (e.g., measured by the UEusing the single receive beam) reported by the UE.

5 FIG. 5 FIG. 520 520 110 120 110 120 120 120 120 110 120 120 As shown in, exampledepicts a third beam management procedure (e.g., P3 CSI-RS beam management). The third beam management procedure may be referred to as a beam refinement procedure, a UE beam refinement procedure, and/or a receive beam refinement procedure. As shown inand example, one or more CSI-RSs may be configured to be transmitted from the network nodeto the UE. The CSI-RSs may be configured to be aperiodic (e.g., using DCI). The third beam management process may include the network nodetransmitting the one or more CSI-RSs using a single transmit beam (e.g., determined based at least in part on measurements reported by the UEin connection with the first beam management procedure and/or the second beam management procedure). To enable the UEto perform receive beam sweeping, the network node may use a transmit beam to transmit (e.g., with repetitions) CSI-RS at multiple times within the same RS resource set so that UEcan sweep through one or more receive beams in multiple transmission instances. The one or more receive beams may be a subset of all receive beams associated with the UE(e.g., determined based at least in part on measurements performed in connection with the first beam management procedure and/or the second beam management procedure). The third beam management procedure may enable the network nodeand/or the UEto select a best receive beam based at least in part on reported measurements received from the UE(e.g., of the CSI-RS of the transmit beam using the one or more receive beams).

5 FIG. 5 FIG. 120 110 120 110 As indicated above,is provided as an example of beam management procedures. Other examples of beam management procedures may differ from what is described with respect to. For example, the UEand the network nodemay perform the third beam management procedure before performing the second beam management procedure, and/or the UEand the network nodemay perform a similar beam management procedure to select a UE transmit beam.

6 FIG. 600 612 620 622 634 is a diagram illustrating an exampleof beam failure detection and beam failure recovery, in accordance with the present disclosure. The beam failure detection (BFD) procedure is shown by reference numbersthrough, and the beam failure recovery (BFR) procedure is shown by reference numberthrough.

600 110 120 602 604 606 608 6 FIG. 6 FIG. Exampleincludes operations performed by a network node (e.g., network node) and a UE (e.g., UE). Operations performed by the network node are shown in the top part ofby reference number, and operations performed by the UE are shown in the bottom part ofby reference number. Actions of the UE that are performed by a PHY layer of the UE are shown in the row indicated by reference number, and actions of the UE that are performed by a higher layer (e.g., MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, non access stratum (NAS), Internet Protocol (IP), or the like) are shown in the row indicated by reference number.

610 As shown by reference number, the network node may transmit a beam set q0. The beam set q0 may include one or more beams that are each associated with a corresponding reference signal. Thus, the set of reference signals for the beam set q0 may be referred to as a set of BFD reference signals (BFD-RSs). The reference signal may include an SSB, a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), or the like.

612 As shown by reference number, the UE may perform a Layer 1 (L1) measurement of the reference signals of the beam set q0. For example, the UE may determine a measurement regarding each reference signal of the beam set q0. The measurement may include an RSRP, RSRQ, a signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR), or the like. As further shown, the UE (e.g., the PHY layer) may determine that the L1 measurement (e.g., the radio link quality) fails to satisfy a first threshold, referred to as Qout. As shown, the UE (e.g., the PHY layer) may provide an out of service (OOS) indication to a higher layer of the UE.

614 618 As shown by reference number, the UE (e.g., the higher layer) may start a BFD timer based at least in part on the failure of the beams to satisfy Qout and may increment a beam failure indication (BFI) count. If the BFI count satisfies a threshold (shown as “max count” in connection with reference number) before the expiration of the BFD timer, then the UE may determine beam failure. If the BFD timer expires before the BFI count satisfies the threshold, then the UE may reset the BFI count, thereby not determining a beam failure.

616 120 As shown by reference number, the UE (e.g., the PHY layer) may perform a second L1 measurement of the reference signals of the beam set q0. As further shown, the UE may provide an OOS indication to the higher layer of the UE indicating that the second L1 measurement fails to satisfy Qout. If the second L1 measurement had satisfied Qout, then the BFD timer may expire, and the UEmay not identify beam failure.

618 620 As shown by reference number, the UE may reset the BFD timer based at least in part on the second L1 measurement failing to satisfy the threshold and may increment the BFI count. As further shown, the BFI count now satisfies the maximum count threshold. Accordingly, as shown by reference number, the UE determines that beam failure is detected.

622 As shown by reference number, the UE (e.g., the higher layer) may request measurement of reference signals on a beam set q1 to identify one or more beams of the beam set q1 that satisfy a second threshold (e.g., Qin, which may be referred to as a BFR threshold). For example, the beam set q1 may be a set of candidate beams, or new beams, for the BFR procedure. Thus, the set of reference signals for the beam set q1 may be referred to as a set of new beam identification reference signals (NBI-RSs).

624 600 626 628 1 6 FIG. As shown by reference number, the UE (e.g., the PHY layer) may provide (e.g., upon a request from the higher layer) measurement information identifying L1 measurements of reference signals of the beam set q1. In example, the measurement information indicates that a particular reference signal associated with a particular beam satisfies Qin. For example, the UE may provide a reference signal index and an L1 measurement (e.g., RSRP) for each of the reference signals associated with an L1 measurement that satisfies the threshold Qin. In, a particular beam is illustrated by diagonal hatching. If the measurement information indicates that the particular reference signal associated with the particular beam satisfies Qin, then the UE may select the particular beam as a selected beam and may attempt to access the selected beam or a cell associated with the selected beam. For example, as shown by reference number, the UE (e.g., the higher layer) may trigger (e.g., initiate) a random access channel (RACH) procedure to access the selected beam, and, as shown by reference number, the UE (e.g., the PHY layer) may perform the RACH procedure. For example, the UE may provide a RACH Message(e.g., a first message of a RACH procedure) to the network node to access the selected beam. Some techniques described herein provide signaling of a selected beam via non-RACH means, such as a BFR MAC-CE which may be transmitted via an indirect link with a relay node for relaying to a network node, or via a direct link with the network node.

110 630 1 2 a In an example, the UE may initiate random access procedures, beginning with contention-free random access (CFRA), using a random access resource (e.g., a random access preamble index) associated with the particular reference signal (e.g., that satisfies Qin). In the case where the RACH procedure (e.g., CFRA) is successful, the network nodemay provide a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) on the selected beam, as shown by reference number. In some examples, this response may be a response to the RACH Message, such as a RACH Message, a random access response (RAR), or the like. As further shown, a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) of DCI of the PDCCH may be scrambled using a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) (e.g., a cell RNTI (C-RNTI), an MCS cell RNTI (MCS-C-RNTI), or another type of RNTI).

632 110 630 632 a b b If the UE receives the PDCCH within the CFRA response window, BFR is successful. As shown by reference number, the UE may stop the BFR timer based at least in part on the BFR being successful. If CFRA is not successful in the CFRA response window, the UE may perform contention-based random access (CBRA). The UE may perform CBRA using the same selected beam, or a different selected beam, used for performing CFRA. In the case where the RACH procedure (e.g., CBRA) is successful, the network nodemay provide a PDCCH on the selected beam, as shown by reference number, in a similar manner as described above. If the UE receives the PDCCH within the CBRA response window, BFR is successful. As shown by reference number, the UE may stop the BFR timer based at least in part on the BFR being successful.

120 634 120 In the case wherein the RACH procedure is unsuccessful (e.g., upon expiration of the CFRA response window and/or the CBRA response window), the UEmay determine radio link failure (RLF) after expiration of the BFR timer, as shown by reference number. In such a case, the UEmay enter an idle mode, may report the RLF, may search for a new cell, or the like.

6 FIG. 6 FIG. As indicated above,is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to.

Certain BFD and BFR procedures, particularly those that rely primarily on RACH communications, can cause the UE to consume significant power and resources, increase latency, and delay or interrupt communications. For example, BFD and BFR procedures that rely on RACH messages (e.g., messages on a single signaling path) must wait for the next RACH occasion before a RACH message can be sent.

Some techniques described herein provide transmission of a BFR message regarding a failed link for a UE that is associated with a direct link with a network node, and with an indirect link with the network node via a relay node. In some aspects, the UE may transmit a BFR message regarding a failed link, wherein the failed link is one of an indirect link with a network node via a relay node or a direct link with the network node. The BFR message may be transmitted on a remaining link of the indirect link and the direct link other than the failed link. The UE may receive an updated beam configuration for the failed link on a selected beam indicated by the BFR message. In this way, the remote UE does not rely primarily on RACH messages for the BFD and BFR procedures, thereby resulting in reduced power consumption. Moreover, the UE does not need to wait for the network node's next RACH occasion to begin to establish a new beam configuration, thereby decreasing the amount of time to establish a new beam configuration. Still further, these techniques are applicable in cases where the failed link is the indirect link, and where the failed link is the direct link.

In one aspect, a method of wireless communication performed by a network node comprises receiving a BFR message regarding a failed link, wherein the failed link is one of an indirect link with a remote UE via a relay node or a direct link with the remote UE, wherein the BFR message is received on a remaining link of the indirect link and the direct link other than the failed link; and transmitting an updated beam configuration for the failed link on a selected beam indicated by the BFR message. In this aspect, the network node learns about the failed link faster than if the remote UE were to wait for the next RACH occasion. As such, the network node can more quickly establish a new beam configuration with the remote UEs.

Multipath BFR processes can result in an ambiguity concerning the selected beam due to, for example, a time delay between beam measurements. That is, the BFR message on the direct link may identify one selected beam while the BFR message on the indirect link may identify another selected beam. Particularly, depending on the configuration of the BFR procedure as well as a timer threshold in some aspects of the BFR procedure, the network node may receive multiple BFR messages (e.g., multiple BFR MAC-CEs, a BFR MAC-CE and a RACH message) indicating different selected beams. For example, at the time of BFD, the UE may measure candidate beams and may select and indicate b1 as a best beam using a BFR MAC-CE via the relay link.

After a delay of x ms, a next RACH occasion may arrive. The UE may measure the candidate beams again and may select and indicate b2 as a best beam via RACH on beam b2. This ambiguity may lead to delay before an updated beam configuration can be established. For example, the network node may have difficulty telling which beam is the latest best candidate beam (e.g., selected beam) for the UE because of the uncontrollable value of delay x, and the different delays on the direct path and relay path.

Some techniques described herein provide resolution of such ambiguity using techniques such as selecting a beam based on the latest BFR message transmitted, transmitting on multiple beams until the ambiguity is resolved, or having the remote UE and relay node transmit BFR messages identifying the same selected beam. With one or more of these techniques, the network node and remote UE can more quickly resolve or avoid ambiguities resulting from multipath BFR processes.

7 FIG. 7 FIG. 7 FIG. 700 705 120 110 705 110 120 705 705 705 705 705 705 100 705 700 is a diagram of an exampleassociated with a BFR procedure via a relay node, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in, the remote UE (e.g., UE) may communicate with a network node (e.g., network node) via a direct link (e.g., a radio access link associated with a Uu interface or the like). The remote UE may communicate with the network node via the relay node(e.g., a different network node, a different UE, a repeater, a relay) via an indirect link. The indirect link may include a link between the remote UE and the relay node(e.g., a sidelink, a local link, etc., which may or may not utilize beamforming) and/or a link between the relay nodeand the network node (e.g., a Uu link). In some aspects, the link between the remote UE and the relay node, and the link between the relay nodeand the network node, may be collectively referred to as a relay link. In some aspects, the remote UE may have a direct link with a first RU of the network node, and the relay nodemay have a direct link with a second RU of the network node. In some aspects, the remote UE, the network node, and the relay nodemay be part of a wireless network (e.g., wireless network). The remote UE, the network node, and the relay nodemay have established a wireless connection prior to operations shown in. Exampleassumes a failure on the direct link (e.g., the direct link is the failed link). As used herein, “failed link” includes a link on which the remote UE has detected beam failure. The failed link can be the direct link (in a case where a beam between the remote UE and the network node has failed) or the indirect link (in a case where a beam between the remote UE and the relay node has failed).

710 612 620 622 624 6 FIG. 6 FIG. 6 FIG. As shown by reference number, the remote UE may transmit, and the network node may receive, a BFR message (also called a first BFR message) on the direct link. The BFR message may include a BFR message transmitted on a RACH or a BFR message transmitted via a MAC-CE (e.g., a BFR MAC-CE). The BFR message may be created after the remote UE detects a beam failure on the direct link. The beam failure may be detected via a BFD procedure such as the BFD procedure shown at reference numbers-and discussed above with reference to. The result of the BFD procedure may include a determination by the remote UE that the beam failure is detected. Moreover, the result of the BFD procedure may include the measurement of the beam set q1, discussed above with respect to reference numberand shown in, and the selection of the selected beam discussed above with respect to reference numberand shown in. In one aspect, the BFR message may identify a first beam as the selected beam. In one aspect, the first BFR message may include a first time stamp. In one aspect, the first time stamp may indicate a time at which the first BFR message was generated. In one aspect, the first time stamp may indicate a time at which the first BFR message was transmitted. In one aspect, the first time stamp may indicate a time at which a beam measurement occurred.

715 710 710 725 As shown by reference number, the remote UE may transmit, and the relay node may receive, a second BFR message on the indirect link. The second BFR message may include a BFR message transmitted on a RACH or a BFR message transmitted via a MAC-CE (e.g., a BFR MAC-CE). In one aspect, the second BFR message may be the same as (e.g., may have the same content as) the first BFR message transmitted on the direct link at reference number. For example, the second BFR message transmitted on the indirect link may identify the first beam as the selected beam. In this context, the first BFR message may be considered to be “the same as” the second BFR message even if the first BFR message is transmitted via RACH and the second BFR message is transmitted via MAC-CE (or vice versa). In another aspect, the second BFR message may be different from the first BFR message transmitted on the direct link at reference number. For example, the second BFR message may identify a second beam as the selected beam. The remote UE may transmit the second BFR message to the relay node via the indirect link, such as via a sidelink PC5 interface. In one aspect, the second BFR message may include a second time stamp. In one aspect, the second time stamp may indicate a time at which the second BFR message was generated, a time at which the second BFR message was transmitted, or a time at which a beam measurement occurred. In one aspect, the remote UE may transmit the first BFR message on the indirect link and the direct link (e.g., in each FR message until a BFR procedure is complete) to avoid ambiguities, discussed in greater detail below with regard to reference number.

720 705 705 As shown by reference number, the relay nodemay transmit, and the network node may receive, the second BFR message (including the second time stamp, if the second time stamp was included in the second BFR message) via a direct link (over the air interface) or an indirect link (via a sidelink interface) between the relay node and the network node. The relay nodemay relay communications between the remote UE and the network node using any suitable relaying technique, such as Layer 2 UE-to-network relaying (which is accomplished using a Layer 2 identifier of the remote UE), Layer 3 UE-to-network relaying (which is accomplished using a Layer 3 (e.g., IP) identifier of the remote UE), or another form of relaying.

725 As shown by reference number, the network node may resolve one or more beam ambiguities in the first BFR message and the second BFR message (if a beam ambiguity is present). An example beam ambiguity may occur if the first BFR message identifies the first beam as the selected beam and the second BFR message identifies the second beam as the selected beam. In one aspect, the network node may select, as the selected beam, the beam associated with whichever time stamp is later (e.g., based at least in part on comparing the first time stamp to the second time stamp). In another aspect, the network node may resolve the beam ambiguity by transmitting on both the first beam and the second beam until the BFR process is complete. In another aspect, the beam ambiguity may be avoided if the BFR messages transmitted on the direct link and indirect link are the same (e.g., the first BFR message identifying the first beam as the selected beam is transmitted on the direct link to the network node and on the indirect link to the relay node, and the relay node forwards the first BFR message to the network node).

730 2 As shown by reference number, the network node may transmit, and the remote UE may receive (e.g., monitor for), a BFR response (e.g., a RACH message, a RAR, a RACH message B, or another form of signaling) with an updated beam configuration. In some aspects, the updated beam configuration may carry information regarding the beam to be used by the remote UE. In some aspects, the updated beam configuration may be an indication that a selected beam is accepted by the network node. The updated beam configuration may be transmitted on the direct link on the selected beam. In instances where the network node was unable to resolve the beam ambiguity or in instances where resolving the beam ambiguity involves transmitting the updated beam configuration on multiple beams, the network node may transmit the updated beam configuration on the first beam and the second beam. If the first BFR message and the second BFR message each include a timestamp, the UE may monitor a selected beam indicated by a BFR message with a later timestamp. For example, the UE may only monitor the network node's response from a latest selected beam indicated by the UE's BFR reporting (either via the BFR MAC-CE or the RACH transmission).

7 FIG. 710 715 720 710 715 In some aspects, the order of operations shown inmay be different. For example, the transmissions shown by reference numbersand/may occur in parallel (e.g., at the same time, at substantially the same time). In other aspects, the remote UE may be configured to wait a time period after sending the first BFR message at reference numberbefore sending the second BFR message shown by reference number(e.g., the transmission of the first BFR message may be separated from the transmission of the second BFR message by the time period). In some aspects, the remote UE may be configured to send the second BFR message if no BFR response is received from the network node within the time period.

715 710 715 710 In some aspects, the remote UE may transmit the second BFR message at reference numberbefore sending the first BFR message at reference number. In some aspects, the remote UE may be configured to wait a time period after sending the second BFR message at reference numberand before sending the first BFR message shown by reference number. In some aspects, the remote UE may be configured to send the first BFR message if no BFR response is received from the network node within the time period.

In some aspects, the network node may respond to every BFR message, including the first BFR message and the second BFR message, until the BFR process is complete. The network node may respond to the first BFR message on the direct link and the second BFR message on a relay link (e.g., a direct link to the relay node and an indirect link between the relay node and the remote UE).

In some aspects, the network node may configure the remote UE to apply techniques discussed above (e.g., via RRC signaling or another form of signaling). For example, the network node may configure the UE to send the first BFR message on the direct link and the second BFR message on the indirect link in parallel, to send the first BFR message on the direct link before sending the second BFR message on the indirect link, to send the second BFR message on the indirect link before sending the first BFR message on the direct link, the time period between sending the first and second BFR messages, and so on. The network node may configure the remote UE to apply these different techniques based on various characteristics such as quality of service (QoS), UE capability, UE capacity, and so on. In some aspects, the network node may configure multiple different configurations, and may indicate a selected configuration from the multiple different configurations via subsequent signaling (such as MAC signaling or DCI).

700 700 The exampleimproves latency and reduces power consumption of the UE following detection of a beam failure. The examplefurther allows the network node and remote UE to more quickly resolve or avoid ambiguities resulting from multipath BFR processes.

7 FIG. 7 FIG. As indicated above,is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to.

8 FIG. 8 FIG. 8 FIG. 800 805 120 110 120 805 110 120 805 100 805 800 is a diagram of an exampleassociated with a BFR procedure via a relay node, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in, the first UE (e.g., UE) may communicate with a node (e.g., network node, a second UE) on an indirect link and the relay node(e.g., a network nodeor a different UE other than UE) on a direct link or an indirect link. In some aspects, the first UE, the node, and the relay nodemay be part of a wireless network (e.g., wireless network). The first UE, the node, and the relay nodemay have established a wireless connection prior to operations shown in. Exampleassumes a failure on the indirect link (e.g., the indirect link is the failed link).

810 As shown by reference number, the first UE may transmit, and the node may receive, a BFR message (also called a first BFR message) on the indirect link (e.g., sidelink). The BFR message may be created after the first UE detects a beam failure on the indirect link. In one aspect, the BFR message may identify a first beam as the selected beam. In one aspect, the first BFR message may include a first time stamp. In one aspect, the first time stamp may indicate a time at which the first BFR message was generated, a time at which the first BFR message was transmitted, or a time at which a beam measurement occurred. In some aspects, the first BFR message may be transmitted via a RACH communication.

815 810 810 825 As shown by reference number, the first UE may transmit, and the relay node may receive, a second BFR message on the direct link. In one aspect, the second BFR message may be the same as the first BFR message transmitted on the indirect link at reference number. That is, the second BFR message transmitted on the direct link may identify the first beam as the selected beam. In another aspect, the second BFR message may be different from the first BFR message transmitted on the indirect link at reference number. As such, the second BFR message may identify a second beam as the selected beam. The first UE may transmit the second BFR message to the relay node via the direct link. In one aspect, the second BFR message may include a second time stamp. In one aspect, the second time stamp may indicate a time at which the second BFR message was generated, a time at which the second BFR message was transmitted, or a time at which a beam measurement occurred. In one aspect, the first UE may transmit the first BFR message on the direct link and the indirect link to avoid ambiguities, discussed in greater detail below with regard to reference number.

820 As shown by reference number, the relay node may transmit, and the node may receive, the second BFR message via the indirect link (over a sidelink PC5 interface) or a direct link (via an air interface such as a radio access link) between the relay node and the node.

825 As shown by reference number, the node may resolve one or more beam ambiguities in the first BFR message and the second BFR message. An example beam ambiguity may occur if the first BFR message identifies the first beam as the selected beam and the second BFR message identifies the second beam as the selected beam. In one aspect, the node may compare the first time stamp to the second time stamp and select, as the selected beam, the beam associated with whichever time stamp is later. In another aspect, the node may resolve the beam ambiguity by transmitting on both the first beam and the second beam until the BFR process is complete. In another aspect, the beam ambiguity may be avoided if the BFR messages transmitted on the direct link and indirect link are the same (i.e., the first BFR message identifying the first beam as the selected beam is transmitted on the direct link to the node and on the indirect link to the relay node, and the relay node forwards the first BFR message to the node).

830 As shown by reference number, the node may transmit, and the first UE may receive, a BFR response with an updated beam configuration. The updated beam configuration may be transmitted on the direct link on the selected beam. In instances where the node was unable to resolve the beam ambiguity or in instances where resolving the beam ambiguity involves transmitting the updated beam configuration on multiple beams, the node may transmit the updated beam configuration on the first beam and the second beam.

8 FIG. 810 815 820 810 815 In some aspects, the order of operations shown inmay be different. For example, the transmissions shown by reference numbersand/may occur in parallel. In other aspects, the first UE may be configured to wait a time period after sending the first BFR message at reference numberand before sending the second BFR message at reference number. In some aspects, the first UE may be configured to send the second BFR message if no BFR response is received from the node within the time period.

In some aspects, the node may respond to every BFR message from the first UE, including the first message and the second message, until the BFR process is complete. The node may respond to the first BFR message on the indirect link and the second BFR message on a relay link (e.g., a direct or indirect link to the relay node and a direct or indirect link between the relay node and the remote UE).

815 810 815 810 Alternatively, in some aspects, the first UE may transmit the second BFR message at reference numberbefore sending the first BFR message at reference number. In some aspects, the first UE may be configured to wait a time period after sending the second BFR message at reference numberand before sending the first BFR message at reference number. In some aspects, the first UE may be configured to send the first BFR message if no BFR response is received from the node within the time period.

800 700 The exampleimproves latency and reduces power consumption of the first UE following detection of a beam failure. The examplefurther allows the first UE and node to more quickly resolve or avoid ambiguities resulting from multipath BFR processes.

8 FIG. 8 FIG. As indicated above,is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to.

9 FIG. 7 8 FIGS.and 900 900 120 is a diagram illustrating an example processperformed, for example, by a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example processis an example where the UE (e.g., UE, the remote UE of) performs operations associated with beam failure recovery via relay node.

9 FIG. 11 FIG. 900 910 140 1104 As shown in, in some aspects, processmay include transmitting a BFR message regarding a failed link, wherein the failed link is one of an indirect link with a network node via a relay node or a direct link with the network node, wherein the BFR message is transmitted on one of the indirect link or the direct link that is not the failed link (block). For example, the UE (e.g., using communication managerand/or transmission component, depicted in) may transmit a BFR message regarding a failed link, wherein the failed link is one of an indirect link with a network node via a relay node or a direct link with the network node, wherein the BFR message is transmitted on one of the indirect link or the direct link that is not the failed link, as described above.

9 FIG. 11 FIG. 900 920 140 1102 As further shown in, in some aspects, processmay include receiving an updated beam configuration for the failed link on a selected beam indicated by the BFR message (block). For example, the UE (e.g., using communication managerand/or reception component, depicted in) may receive an updated beam configuration for the failed link on a selected beam indicated by the BFR message, as described above.

900 Processmay include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and/or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

900 In a first aspect, processincludes waiting a time period for a BFR response on the indirect link after transmitting the BFR message.

900 In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, processincludes transmitting a second BFR message on the direct link if no BFR response is received on the indirect link within the time period.

900 In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, processincludes transmitting a prior BFR message on the direct link before transmitting the BFR message on the indirect link.

900 In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, processincludes waiting a time period for a BFR response on the direct link, and the BFR message is transmitted on the indirect link as a result of no BFR response to the prior BFR message being received within the time period.

In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the BFR message includes a first BFR message transmitted on the direct link and indicating a first beam and a second BFR message transmitted on the indirect link and indicating a second beam, wherein one of the first beam or the second beam is the selected beam.

In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, the first BFR message and the second BFR message are transmitted in parallel.

In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, at least one of the first BFR message or the second BFR message includes a time stamp.

900 In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, processincludes selecting, from one of the first beam or the second beam, the selected beam based at least in part on the time stamp.

900 In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, processincludes monitoring, prior to receiving the updated beam configuration, the first beam and the second beam for communications from the network node.

In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the first beam and the second beam are monitored until the updated beam configuration from the network node is received on the selected beam.

In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, the first BFR message and the second BFR message both indicate the selected beam.

900 In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, processincludes reporting, in each BFR message until a BFR procedure is complete, the selected beam.

In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twelfth aspects, the BFR message is transmitted on the indirect link via a sidelink communication.

In a fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects, the direct link is the failed link.

In a fifteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourteenth aspects, the BFR message is transmitted on the direct link via an RACH transmission.

In a sixteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifteenth aspects, the indirect link is the failed link.

9 FIG. 9 FIG. 900 900 900 Althoughshows example blocks of process, in some aspects, processmay include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of processmay be performed in parallel.

10 FIG. 8 FIG. 7 FIG. 1000 1000 110 is a diagram illustrating an example processperformed, for example, by a network node, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example processis an example where the network node (e.g., network node, the node of, the network node of) performs operations associated with beam failure recovery via relay node.

10 FIG. 12 FIG. 7 8 FIGS.- 1000 1010 150 1202 As shown in, in some aspects, processmay include receiving a BFR message regarding a failed link, wherein the failed link is one of an indirect link with a remote UE via a relay node or a direct link with the remote UE, wherein the BFR message is received on one of the indirect link or the direct link that is not the failed link (block). For example, the network node (e.g., using communication managerand/or reception component, depicted in) may receive a BFR message regarding a failed link, wherein the failed link is one of an indirect link with a remote UE (e.g., the remote UE of) via a relay node or a direct link with the remote UE, wherein the BFR message is received on one of the indirect link or the direct link that is not the failed link, as described above.

10 FIG. 12 FIG. 1000 1020 150 1204 As further shown in, in some aspects, processmay include transmitting an updated beam configuration for the failed link on a selected beam indicated by the BFR message (block). For example, the network node (e.g., using communication managerand/or transmission component, depicted in) may transmit an updated beam configuration for the failed link on a selected beam indicated by the BFR message, as described above.

1000 Processmay include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and/or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

1000 In a first aspect, processincludes receiving the BFR message on the direct link before receiving the BFR message on the indirect link.

In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the BFR message includes a first BFR message on the direct link and indicating a first beam and a second BFR message on the indirect link and indicating a second beam, wherein one of the first beam or the second beam is the selected beam.

In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, at least one of the first BFR message or the second BFR message includes a time stamp.

1000 In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, processincludes selecting, from one of the first beam or the second beam, the selected beam based at least in part on the time stamp.

In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the first BFR message and the second BFR message both indicate the selected beam.

In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, the updated beam configuration is transmitted on the first beam and the second beam.

1000 In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, processincludes responding to each BFR message from the remote UE until a BFR procedure is complete.

In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the BFR message is received on the indirect link via a sidelink communication.

In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, the direct link is the failed link.

In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the BFR message is received on the direct link via an RACH transmission.

In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, the indirect link is the failed link.

10 FIG. 10 FIG. 1000 1000 1000 Althoughshows example blocks of process, in some aspects, processmay include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of processmay be performed in parallel.

11 FIG. 1100 1100 1100 1100 1102 1104 1100 1106 1102 1104 1100 140 140 1108 1110 is a diagram of an example apparatusfor wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatusmay be a UE (e.g., a remote UE), or a UE may include the apparatus. In some aspects, the apparatusincludes a reception componentand a transmission component, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and/or one or more other components). As shown, the apparatusmay communicate with another apparatus(such as a UE, a base station, or another wireless communication device) using the reception componentand the transmission component. As further shown, the apparatusmay include the communication manager. The communication managermay include one or more of a beam management componentor a monitoring component, among other examples.

1100 1100 900 1100 7 8 FIGS.- 9 FIG. 11 FIG. 2 FIG. 11 FIG. 2 FIG. In some aspects, the apparatusmay be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatusmay be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as processof, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the apparatusand/or one or more components shown inmay include one or more components of the UE described in connection with. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown inmay be implemented within one or more components described in connection with. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in a memory. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by a controller or a processor to perform the functions or operations of the component.

1102 1106 1102 1100 1102 1100 1102 2 FIG. The reception componentmay receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus. The reception componentmay provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus. In some aspects, the reception componentmay perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples), and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus. In some aspects, the reception componentmay include one or more antennas, a modem, a demodulator, a MIMO detector, a receive processor, a controller/processor, a memory, or a combination thereof, of the UE described in connection with.

1104 1106 1100 1104 1106 1104 1106 1104 1104 1102 2 FIG. The transmission componentmay transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatusmay generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission componentfor transmission to the apparatus. In some aspects, the transmission componentmay perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples), and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus. In some aspects, the transmission componentmay include one or more antennas, a modem, a modulator, a transmit MIMO processor, a transmit processor, a controller/processor, a memory, or a combination thereof, of the UE described in connection with. In some aspects, the transmission componentmay be co-located with the reception componentin a transceiver.

1104 1102 1108 The transmission componentmay transmit a BFR message regarding a failed link, wherein the failed link is one of an indirect link with a network node via a relay node or a direct link with the network node, wherein the BFR message is transmitted on one of the indirect link or the direct link that is not the failed link. The reception componentor the beam management componentmay receive an updated beam configuration for the failed link on a selected beam indicated by the BFR message.

1102 The reception componentmay wait a time period for a BFR response on the indirect link after transmitting the BFR message.

1104 The transmission componentmay transmit a second BFR message on the direct link if no BFR response is received on the indirect link within the time period.

1104 The transmission componentmay transmit a prior BFR message on the direct link before transmitting the BFR message on the indirect link.

1102 The reception componentmay wait a time period for a BFR response on the direct link.

1108 The beam management componentmay select, from one of the first beam or the second beam, the selected beam based at least in part on the time stamp.

1110 The monitoring componentmay monitor, prior to receiving the updated beam configuration, the first beam and the second beam for communications from the network node.

1104 The transmission componentmay report, in each BFR message until a BFR procedure is complete, the selected beam.

11 FIG. 11 FIG. 11 FIG. 11 FIG. 11 FIG. 11 FIG. The number and arrangement of components shown inare provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in. Furthermore, two or more components shown inmay be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown inmay be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown inmay perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in.

12 FIG. 1200 1200 1200 1200 1202 1204 1200 1206 1202 1204 1200 150 150 1208 1210 is a diagram of an example apparatusfor wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatusmay be a network node, or a network node may include the apparatus. In some aspects, the apparatusincludes a reception componentand a transmission component, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and/or one or more other components). As shown, the apparatusmay communicate with another apparatus(such as a UE, a base station, or another wireless communication device) using the reception componentand the transmission component. As further shown, the apparatusmay include the communication manager. The communication managermay include one or more of a beam management componentor a selection component, among other examples.

1200 1200 1000 1200 7 8 FIGS.- 10 FIG. 12 FIG. 2 FIG. 12 FIG. 2 FIG. In some aspects, the apparatusmay be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatusmay be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as processofor a combination thereof. In some aspects, the apparatusand/or one or more components shown inmay include one or more components of the network node described in connection with. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown inmay be implemented within one or more components described in connection with. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in a memory. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by a controller or a processor to perform the functions or operations of the component.

1202 1206 1202 1200 1202 1200 1202 2 FIG. The reception componentmay receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus. The reception componentmay provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus. In some aspects, the reception componentmay perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples), and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus. In some aspects, the reception componentmay include one or more antennas, a modem, a demodulator, a MIMO detector, a receive processor, a controller/processor, a memory, or a combination thereof, of the network node described in connection with.

1204 1206 1200 1204 1206 1204 1206 1204 1204 1202 2 FIG. The transmission componentmay transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatusmay generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission componentfor transmission to the apparatus. In some aspects, the transmission componentmay perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples), and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus. In some aspects, the transmission componentmay include one or more antennas, a modem, a modulator, a transmit MIMO processor, a transmit processor, a controller/processor, a memory, or a combination thereof, of the network node described in connection with. In some aspects, the transmission componentmay be co-located with the reception componentin a transceiver.

1202 1204 The reception componentmay receive a BFR message regarding a failed link, wherein the failed link is one of an indirect link with a remote UE via a relay node or a direct link with the remote UE, wherein the BFR message is received on one of the indirect link or the direct link that is not the failed link. The transmission componentmay transmit an updated beam configuration for the failed link on a selected beam indicated by the BFR message.

1202 The reception componentmay receive the BFR message on the direct link before receiving the BFR message on the indirect link.

1210 The selection componentmay select, from one of the first beam or the second beam, the selected beam based at least in part on the time stamp.

1208 The beam management componentmay respond to each BFR message from the remote UE until a BFR procedure is complete.

12 FIG. 12 FIG. 12 FIG. 12 FIG. 12 FIG. 12 FIG. The number and arrangement of components shown inare provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in. Furthermore, two or more components shown inmay be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown inmay be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown inmay perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in.

The following provides an overview of some Aspects of the present disclosure:

Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising: transmitting a beam failure recovery (BFR) message regarding a failed link, wherein the failed link is one of an indirect link with a network node via a relay node or a direct link with the network node, wherein the BFR message is transmitted on one of the indirect link or the direct link that is not the failed link; and receiving an updated beam configuration for the failed link on a selected beam indicated by the BFR message.

Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, further comprising waiting a time period for a BFR response on the indirect link after transmitting the BFR message.

Aspect 3: The method of Aspect 2, further comprising transmitting a second BFR message on the direct link if no BFR response is received on the indirect link within the time period.

Aspect 4: The method of any of Aspects 1-3, further comprising transmitting a prior BFR message on the direct link before transmitting the BFR message on the indirect link.

Aspect 5: The method of Aspect 4, further comprising waiting a time period for a BFR response on the direct link, and wherein the BFR message is transmitted on the indirect link as a result of no BFR response to the prior BFR message being received within the time period.

Aspect 6: The method of any of Aspects 1-5, wherein the BFR message includes a first BFR message transmitted on the direct link and indicating a first beam and a second BFR message transmitted on the indirect link and indicating a second beam, wherein one of the first beam or the second beam is the selected beam.

Aspect 7: The method of Aspect 6, wherein the first BFR message and the second BFR message are transmitted in parallel.

Aspect 8: The method of Aspect 6, wherein at least one of the first BFR message or the second BFR message includes a time stamp.

Aspect 9: The method of Aspect 8, further comprising selecting, from one of the first beam or the second beam, the selected beam based at least in part on the time stamp.

Aspect 10: The method of Aspect 6, further comprising monitoring, prior to receiving the updated beam configuration, the first beam and the second beam for communications from the network node.

Aspect 11: The method of Aspect 10, wherein the first beam and the second beam are monitored until the updated beam configuration from the network node is received on the selected beam.

Aspect 12: The method of Aspect 6, wherein the first BFR message and the second BFR message both indicate the selected beam.

Aspect 13: The method of any of Aspects 1-12, further comprising reporting, in each BFR message until a BFR procedure is complete, the selected beam.

Aspect 14: The method of any of Aspects 1-13, wherein the BFR message is transmitted on the indirect link via a sidelink communication.

Aspect 15: The method of any of Aspects 1-14, wherein the direct link is the failed link.

Aspect 16: The method of any of Aspects 1-15, wherein the BFR message is transmitted on the direct link via a random access channel (RACH) transmission.

Aspect 17: The method of any of Aspects 1-16, wherein the indirect link is the failed link.

Aspect 18: A method of wireless communication performed by a network node, comprising: receiving a beam failure recovery (BFR) message regarding a failed link, wherein the failed link is one of an indirect link with a remote user equipment (UE) via a relay node or a direct link with the remote UE, wherein the BFR message is received on one of the indirect link or the direct link that is not the failed link; and transmitting an updated beam configuration for the failed link on a selected beam indicated by the BFR message.

Aspect 19: The method of Aspect 18, further comprising receiving the BFR message on the direct link before receiving the BFR message on the indirect link.

Aspect 20: The method of any of Aspects 18-19, wherein the BFR message includes a first BFR message on the direct link and indicating a first beam and a second BFR message on the indirect link and indicating a second beam, wherein one of the first beam or the second beam is the selected beam.

Aspect 21: The method of Aspect 20, wherein at least one of the first BFR message or the second BFR message includes a time stamp.

Aspect 22: The method of Aspect 21, further comprising selecting, from one of the first beam or the second beam, the selected beam based at least in part on the time stamp.

Aspect 23: The method of Aspect 20, wherein the first BFR message and the second BFR message both indicate the selected beam.

Aspect 24: The method of Aspect 20, wherein the updated beam configuration is transmitted on the first beam and the second beam.

Aspect 25: The method of any of Aspects 18-24, further comprising responding to each BFR message from the remote UE until a BFR procedure is complete.

Aspect 26: The method of any of Aspects 18-25, wherein the BFR message is received on the indirect link via a sidelink communication.

Aspect 27: The method of any of Aspects 18-26, wherein the direct link is the failed link.

Aspect 28: The method of any of Aspects 18-27, wherein the BFR message is received on the direct link via a random access channel (RACH) transmission.

Aspect 29: The method of any of Aspects 18-28, wherein the indirect link is the failed link.

Aspect 30: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, comprising a processor; memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-29.

Aspect 31: A device for wireless communication, comprising a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processors configured to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-29.

Aspect 32: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 1-29.

Aspect 33: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-29.

Aspect 34: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-29.

The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects.

As used herein, the term “component” is intended to be broadly construed as hardware and/or a combination of hardware and software. “Software” shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, and/or functions, among other examples, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. As used herein, a “processor” is implemented in hardware and/or a combination of hardware and software. It will be apparent that systems and/or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms of hardware and/or a combination of hardware and software. The actual specialized control hardware or software code used to implement these systems and/or methods is not limiting of the aspects. Thus, the operation and behavior of the systems and/or methods are described herein without reference to specific software code, since those skilled in the art will understand that software and hardware can be designed to implement the systems and/or methods based, at least in part, on the description herein.

As used herein, “satisfying a threshold” may, depending on the context, refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, not equal to the threshold, or the like.

Even though particular combinations of features are recited in the claims and/or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims and/or disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set. As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a+b, a+c, b+c, and a+b+c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (e.g., a+a, a+a+a, a+a+b, a+a+c, a+b+b, a+c+c, b+b, b+b+b, b+b+c, c+c, and c+c+c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c).

No element, act, or instruction used herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Also, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Further, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items referenced in connection with the article “the” and may be used interchangeably with “the one or more.” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has,” “have,” “having,” or the like are intended to be open-ended terms that do not limit an element that they modify (e.g., an element “having” A may also have B). Further, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based, at least in part, on” unless explicitly stated otherwise. Also, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and/or,” unless explicitly stated otherwise (e.g., if used in combination with “either” or “only one of”).

When “a processor” or “one or more processors” (or another device or component, such as “a controller” or “one or more controllers”) is described or claimed (within a single claim or across multiple claims) as performing multiple operations or being configured to perform multiple operations, this language is intended to broadly cover a variety of processor architectures and environments. For example, unless explicitly claimed otherwise (e.g., via the use of “first processor” and “second processor” or other language that differentiates processors in the claims), this language is intended to cover a single processor performing or being configured to perform all of the operations, a group of processors collectively performing or being configured to perform all of the operations, a first processor performing or being configured to perform a first operation and a second processor performing or being configured to perform a second operation, or any combination of processors performing or being configured to perform the operations. For example, when a claim has the form “one or more processors configured to: perform X; perform Y; and perform Z,” that claim should be interpreted to mean “one or more processors configured to perform X; one or more (possibly different) processors configured to perform Y; and one or more (also possibly different) processors configured to perform Z.