Rotary input mechanism for an electronic device

This application is a continuation patent application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/357,135, filed Mar. 18, 2019, and titled “Rotary Input Mechanism for an Electronic Device” which is a continuation patent application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/179,870, filed Nov. 2, 2018, and titled “Rotary Input Mechanism for an Electronic Device, which is a continuation patent application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/854,310, filed Dec. 26, 2017 and titled “Rotary Input Mechanism for an Electronic Device,” now U.S. Pat. No. 10,234,828, which is a continuation patent application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/261,901, filed Sep. 10, 2016 and titled “Rotary Input Mechanism for an Electronic Device,” now U.S. Pat. No. 9,886,006, which is a continuation patent application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/966,719, filed Dec. 11, 2015 and titled “Rotary Input Mechanism for Electronic Device,” now U.S. Pat. No. 9,753,436, which is a continuation of PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2014/040728, filed Jun. 3, 2014, and titled “Rotary Input Mechanism for an Electronic Device,” which claims priority to PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2013/045264, filed Jun. 11, 2013, and titled “Rotary Input Mechanism for an Electronic Device,” the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties

The present disclosure relates generally to electronic devices and, more specifically, to input devices for computing devices.

Many types of electronic devices, such as smart phones, gaming devices, computers, watches, and the like, use input devices, such as buttons or switches to receive user input. However, the enclosure for the devices includes an aperture or other opening to allow the button or switch (or other selectable item) to move. These apertures allow water, air, and other environmental items to enter into the enclosure and potentially damage the internal electronics. Additionally, many input devices, such as buttons or switches, may allow for a single type of input. For example, actuating a button may transmit one type of signal, which is generated by compressing a dome switch that completes a circuit. As electronic devices reduce in size, it may be desirable to have fewer input buttons or devices, without reducing functionality or the number of input types that can be used by a user to provide information to a device.

One example of the present disclosure includes a wearable electronic device. The wearable electronic device includes an enclosure having a sidewall with a button aperture defined therethrough, a processing element housed within the enclosure, a sensing element in communication with the processing element, and an input device at least partially received within the button aperture and in communication with the sensing element, the input device configured to receive at least a first and a second type of user input. Generally, the sensing element is operative to track a movement of the input button and output a signal and the processing element is operative to distinguish between the first and second type of user input, based on the signal.

Another example of the disclosure includes a watch. The watch includes a hub or watch face. The hub includes a processor, a sensing element, and a crown. The crown includes a trackable element and the sensing element is configured to sense movement of the crown by tracking the movements of the trackable element. The watch also includes a strap connected to the hub and configured to wrap around a portion of a user.

In some embodiments herein, a wearable electronic device including a multi-input button is disclosed. The wearable electronic device may be a watch, portable music player, health monitoring device, computing or gaming device, smart phone, or the like. In some embodiments, the wearable electronic device is a watch that can be worn around the wrist of a user. In embodiments, the multi-input button forms a crown for the watch and is connected to a sidewall of an enclosure for the device. The multi-input button can be pressed to input a first type of input and can be rotated to input a second type of input. Additionally, in some instances, the button can be pressed on or off axis to activate a third input.

In a specific implementation, the wearable device includes a rotary encoder to detect rotation of the multi-input button, as well as a sensor that receives non-rotational type inputs. In one embodiment, the wearable device includes an enclosure and a flange or head extending from the enclosure. The head or crown is connected to a spindle or stem, which is received within the enclosure and a trackable element or encoder is attached to a bottom end of the spindle. The head extends from the enclosure and as the head is rotated, such as due to a user turning the head, the trackable element on the bottom of the stem rotates, passing over a rotary sensor contained within the enclosure. The rotary sensor senses movement of the stem and the head. Additionally, the stem may be movably (e.g., slidably) connected to the enclosure such that the user can press the head and the stem can move a predetermined distance. In this example, a switch (such as a tactile switch) or a sensor, can detect vertical or horizontal movement of the stem. In this manner, the multi-input button can detect rotational inputs, as well as compression-type inputs.

The stem and other portions of the multi-input button may include sealing members, such as O-rings, seal cups, or membrane seals that seal certain components of the wearable device from environmental elements, such as water. The stem and the enclosure aperture may be selected such that the stem may move within the enclosure without breaking the seal or otherwise creating a flow pathway into the internal component held within the enclosure. As an example, the stem may have a slightly smaller diameter than the enclosure aperture and an O-ring may be received around the stem within the enclosure aperture. In this example, the O-ring is a compressible material, such as foam, that can be compressed when a user exerts a force. As one side of the O-ring compresses due to the user force, the other side can expand to increase, maintaining a seal of the enclosure aperture around the stem. This allows the stem to move within the enclosure diameter, without unsealing a pathway into the enclosure.

Additionally, in some embodiments, the multi-input button can be actuated to provide haptic feedback to a user. For example, in embodiments where the stem is movable within the enclosure a device, such as an actuator, may move the stem. When actuated, the stem may selectively move the head to provide feedback to a user.

1 FIG. 2 FIG. 1 FIG. 1 2 FIGS.and 1 FIG. 100 102 100 100 104 106 102 104 106 102 104 106 108 108 108 134 112 106 104 106 Turning now to the figures, an illustrative wearable electronic device will now be discussed in more detail.is a top plan view of a wearable electronic device.is a simplified block diagram of the wearable electronic device of. With reference to, the wearable electronic devicemay include a hubor computing center or element. In embodiments where the electronic deviceis configured to be worn by a user, the devicemay include one or more straps,that may connect to opposite sides of the hub. Each of the straps,may wrap around a portion of a wrist, arm, leg, chest, or other portion of a user's body to secure the hubto the user. For example, the ends of each of the straps,may be connected together by a fastening mechanism. The fastening mechanismcan be substantially any type of fastening device, such as, but not limited to, a lug, hook and loop structure, magnetic fasteners, snaps, buttons, clasps or the like. However, in one embodiment, such as the one shown in, the fastening mechanismis a buckle including a prongor element that can be inserted into one or more aperturesin the second strapto secure the first and second straps,together.

102 100 102 3 3 102 116 114 116 102 114 116 100 114 116 114 114 102 116 102 3 FIG. 1 FIG. 1 3 FIGS.- The hubof the wearable electronic device generally contains the computing and processing elements of the wearable electronic device.is a partial cross-section view of the hubtaken along line-in. With reference to, the hubmay include a displayat least partially surrounded by an enclosure. In some embodiments, the displaymay form a face of the huband the enclosuremay abut the edges and/or a portion of the backside of the display. Additionally, the internal components of the wearable devicemay be contained within the enclosurebetween the displayand the enclosure. The enclosureprotects the internal components of the hub, as well as connects the displayto the hub.

114 114 172 110 172 188 114 188 114 190 172 110 172 3 FIG. The enclosuremay be constructed out of a variety of materials, such as, but not limited to, plastics, metals, alloys, and so on. The enclosureincludes a button aperture(see) to receive the input buttonor a portion thereof. The button apertureforms a channel within a sidewallof the enclosureand extends from an outer surfaceof the enclosureto an interior surface. The button aperturegenerally is configured to correspond to a size/shape of, or accept, a stem or spindle of the input button. That said, the button aperturemay be otherwise shaped and sized.

114 186 116 116 114 1 3 FIGS.and The enclosuremay also include a groovedefined on a top surface to receive the display. With reference to, the displaymay be connected to the enclosurethrough adhesive or other fastening mechanisms. In this example, the display is seated within a recessed portion or groove of the enclosure and the enclosure extends at least partially around the edges of the display and may be fastened or affixed thereto, but may leave at least a portion of the rear of the display free or unsupported by the housing. However, in other embodiments, the display and enclosure may be otherwise connected together.

116 100 116 116 116 116 The displaymay be substantially any type of display screen or device that can provide a visual output for the wearable device. As an example, the displaymay be a liquid crystal display, a light emitting diode display, or the like. Additionally, the displaymay also be configured to receive a user input, such as a multi-touch display screen that receives user inputs through capacitive sensing elements. In many embodiments, the displaymay be dynamically variable; however, in other embodiments, the displaymay be a non-electronic component, such as a painted faceplate, that may not dynamically change.

116 118 120 118 120 118 120 116 118 120 The displaymay show a plurality of icons,or other graphics that are selectively modifiable. As an example, a first graphicmay include a time graphic that changes its characters to represent the time changes, e.g., numbers to represent hours, minutes, and seconds. A second graphicmay include a notification graphic, such as, battery life, messages received, or the like. The two graphics,may be positioned substantially anywhere on the displayand may be varied as desired. Additionally, the number, size, shape, and other characteristics of the graphics,may be changed as well.

110 114 110 100 The input buttonextends from and attaches to or passes through the enclosure. The input buttonwill be discussed in more detail below, but generally allows a user to provide input to the wearable electronic device, as well as optionally provide haptic feedback to a user.

2 FIG. 100 122 124 128 126 130 114 132 With reference to, the wearable electronic device includes a plurality of internal processing or computing elements. For example, the wearable electronic devicemay include a power source, one or more processing elements, a memory component, one or more sensors, and an input/output component. Each of the internal components may be received within the enclosureand may be in communication through one or more systems buses, traces, printed circuit boards, or other communication mechanisms.

122 102 100 122 122 The power sourceprovides power to the huband other components of the wearable device. The power sourcemay be a battery or other portable power element. Additionally, the power sourcemay be rechargeable or replaceable.

124 124 124 The processing elementor processor is substantially any type of device that can receive and execute instructions. For example, the processing elementmay be a processor, microcomputer, processing unit or group of processing units or the like. Additionally, the processing elementmay include one or more processors and in some embodiments may include multiple processing elements.

126 100 126 126 110 102 The one or more sensorsmay be configured to sense a number of different parameters or characteristics that may be used to influence one or more operations of the wearable electronic device. For example, the sensorsmay include accelerometers, gyroscopes, capacitive sensors, light sensors, image sensors, pressure or force sensors, or the like. As will be discussed in more detail below, one or more of the sensorsmay be used in conjunction with the input buttonor separate therefrom, to provide user input to the hub.

2 FIG. 128 100 128 128 With continued reference to, the memory componentstores electronic data that may be utilized by the wearable device. For example, the memory componentmay store electrical data or content e.g., audio files, video files, document files, and so on, corresponding to various applications. The memorymay be, for example, non-volatile storage, a magnetic storage medium, optical storage medium, magneto-optical storage medium, read only memory, random access memory, erasable programmable memory, or flash memory.

130 130 130 130 130 The input/output interfacemay receive data from a user or one or more other electronic devices. Additionally, the input/output interfacemay facilitate transmission of data to a user or to other electronic devices. For example, the input/output interfacemay be used to receive data from a network, or may be used to send and transmit electronic signals via a wireless or wired connection (Internet, WiFi, Bluetooth, and Ethernet being a few examples). In some embodiments, the input/output interfacemay support multiple network or communication mechanisms. For example, the network/communication interfacemay pair with another device over a Bluetooth network to transfer signals to the other device, while simultaneously receiving data from a WiFi or other network.

110 110 148 150 150 172 114 148 150 114 100 110 148 110 3 FIG. The input buttonwill now be discussed in more detail. With reference to, the input buttonincludes a headand a stemor spindle. The stemis received into the button aperturedefined in the enclosureand the headextends outwards from the stemoutside of the enclosure. In embodiments where the wearable electronic deviceis a watch, the input buttonforms a crown for the watch, with headacting as a user engagement surface to allow the user to rotate, pull, and/or push the crownor input button.

1 FIG. 148 148 202 202 148 148 148 202 148 202 With reference to, the headis generally a flange shaped member that may have a cylindrical body and a rounded or flat top. Additionally, the headmay optionally include a plurality of ridgesor other tactile features. The ridgesmay enhance the friction between a user's finger or fingers and the head, making it easier for the user to rotate or pull the head, and may provide indicators to a user (similar to mile markers on a road) that allow a user to determine the number of rotations. For example, the headmay include a ridgeevery quarter around the outer surface of the headthat can indicate to a user when the head has rotated 90 degrees. However, in other embodiments, the ridgemay be omitted or other features may be used.

3 FIG. 150 148 148 150 150 152 152 154 150 172 150 172 148 150 150 172 172 172 172 With reference again to, the stemmay be a generally cylindrically shaped member and may extend from the head. The headand the stemmay be integrally formed or may be discrete components that are fixedly attached together. The stemmay also include a sealing groovedefined around a portion of its outer circumference. The sealing grooveis configured to receive a sealing member, such as an O-ringor seal cup. In some embodiments, the stemhas a longer length than a length of the button aperture. In this manner, opposite ends of the stemextend from either side of the button aperture. In these embodiments, the headmay be spatially separated from the outer surface of the enclosure by the length of the stemthat extends outward from the outer end of the button aperture. However, in other embodiments the stemmay have a length that is substantially the same as a length of the button apertureor may be shorter than a length of the button aperture. In the later example, one or more portions of the sensing circuitry (discussed in more detail below) may be positioned directly beneath the button apertureor partially within the button aperture.

110 146 150 110 146 150 150 146 142 162 150 146 146 150 150 148 146 4 FIG. 3 4 FIGS.and The input buttonincludes a trackable elementor encoder positioned on a bottom of the stem.is a bottom plan view of the button. With reference to, the trackable elementmay be connected to a bottom end of the stemor may be connected to or defined on the outer surface of the stem. The trackable elementinteracts with a sensing elementto allow the sensing elementto track movement of the stemby tracking movement of the trackable element. As such, the trackable elementis connected to the stemsuch that as the stemmoves or rotates, such as due to a user input to the head, the trackable elementwill move correspondingly.

146 142 146 150 The position, size, and type of material for the trackable elementmay be varied based on the sensing element, which as discussed below may track different types of parameters, such as, but not limited to, optical characteristics, magnetic characteristics, mechanical characteristics, electrical characteristics, or capacitive characteristics. As such, the trackable elementcan be modified to enhance tracking of the stem.

3 4 FIGS.and 146 146 182 184 182 146 184 146 182 184 146 182 146 184 182 184 146 With continued reference to, in one embodiment, the trackable elementis a magnet, either permanent or electromagnetic. In this embodiment, the trackable elementmay be a cylindrical disc including a first poleand a second pole. The first polemay be the north pole of the trackable elementand the second polemay be the south pole of the trackable element. The two poles,may be diametrically opposed, such that half of the trackable elementforms the first poleand other half of the trackable elementforms the second pole, with the two poles,forming half-circle shapes. In other words, the bottom face of the trackable elementis split in polarity along its diameter.

150 150 In some embodiments, the trackable element may include two or more magnets positioned around the perimeter of the stem. In these embodiments, the rotational sensor may be positioned within the button aperture to track rotation of the stem.

142 5 5 142 114 110 142 166 142 210 210 210 210 160 210 210 210 210 160 212 212 166 170 142 212 170 164 5 FIG. 1 FIG. 3 5 FIGS.and a b c d a b c d The sensing elementand corresponding structures will now be discussed in more detail.is an enlarged cross-section view of the wearable electronic device taken along line-in. With reference to, the sensing elementis supported within the enclosureand is configured to detect rotational, vertical, and/or lateral movements of the button. The sensing elementmay be supported on a substrateand includes one or more sensors. For example, the sensing elementmay include rotation sensors,,,and a switch sensor. The rotation sensors,,,and the switch sensormay be positioned within a compartmentor other enclosure. The compartmentis supported on the substrateby a contact floorthat forms a bottom of the sensing element. The compartmentand the contact floordefine a cavityin which the sensors are received.

210 210 210 210 150 110 210 210 210 210 210 210 210 210 210 210 210 210 150 a b c d a b c d a b c d a b c d 3 5 FIGS.- The rotation sensors,,,are configured to detect rotation of the stemor other portions of the crown or button. In the embodiment illustrated in, the rotation sensors,,,may be magnetic sensors that detect changes in magnetic polarity. For example, the rotation sensors,,,may be Hall-effect sensors. In other words, the rotation sensors,,,may be transducers that vary an output signal in response to a magnetic field. In another example, the rotational sensor and/or switch sensor may be an optical sensor and the trackable element may include one or more markings or visible indicators that can be used by the optical sensor to track movement of the stem.

148 110 110 114 In some embodiments, the trackable element may be positioned on the heador exterior portion of the button. In these embodiments, the rotational sensor may be in communication (either optically or magnetically) with the input buttonthrough the housing or enclosure. For example, the enclosure may include a transparent portion or window and an optical sensor may track movement of the crown through the window.

210 210 210 210 142 210 210 210 210 146 146 a b c d a b c d In some examples, the rotation sensors,,,may be spaced apart from one another and located at opposite quadrants of the sensing element. This allows the rotation sensors,,,to track rotation of the trackable elementas it enters and exits each quadrant or section of the sensing element. However, it should be noted that in other embodiments, there may be only two sensors that may be used to track larger rotational distances of the trackable element.

210 210 210 210 210 210 210 210 a b c d a b c d 5 FIG. 3 5 FIGS.and The rotation sensors,,,may be in-plane with one another or may be out of plane with one another. With reference to, in the embodiment illustrated in, the rotation sensors,,,are aligned in plane with one another.

5 FIG. 210 210 210 210 142 150 100 a b c d Additionally, although the embodiment illustrated inshows four rotation sensors,,,, there may be fewer or more sensors. For example, only two sensors may be used or more than two force sensors may be used. The additional sensors may provide additional information, such as orientation and/or speed, as well as provide redundancy to reduce error. However, using only two sensors may allow the sensing elementto detect rotation of the stem, without additional components, which may reduce cost and manufacturing complexities of the wearable device.

210 210 210 210 210 210 210 210 a b c d a b c d However, in other embodiments, the rotation sensors,,,may sense parameters other than magnetic fields. For example, the rotation sensors,,,may be optical sensors (e.g., image or light sensors), capacitive sensors, electrical contacts, or the like. In these embodiments, the number, orientation, position, and size of the rotation sensors may be varied as desired.

160 168 214 158 168 170 160 168 170 214 214 214 214 158 214 158 158 214 The switch sensorincludes an electrical contact element, a collapsible domeand a tip. The electrical contact elementinteracts with a contact element on the floorto indicate when the switch sensorhas been activated. For example, when the contact elementcontacts the floor, a circuit may be completed, a signal may be stimulated of created, or the like. The domeis a resilient and flexible material that collapses or flexes upon a predetermined force level. The domemay be a thin metal dome, a plastic dome, or other may be constructed from other materials. The domemay produce an audible sound, as well as an opposing force, in response to a collapsing force exerted by a user. The audible sound and opposing force provide feedback to a user when a user compresses the dome. The tipis connected to the domeand when a force is applied to the tip, the tipis configured to collapse the dome.

160 160 160 110 150 160 3 5 FIGS.and Although the switch sensoris illustrated inas being a tactile switch, many other sensors are envisioned. For example, the switch sensormay be a magnetic sensor, a capacitive sensor, an optical sensor, or an ultrasonic sensor. In a specific example, the switch sensormay be a capacitive sensor and can detect changes in capacitance as the buttonis pressed by a user and the stemmoves closer to the sensor. As such, the discussion of any particular embodiment is meant as illustrative only.

142 210 210 210 210 160 102 210 210 210 210 160 100 a b c d a b c d It should be noted that the sensing elementincluding the rotation sensors,,,and the switch sensormay be an integrated sensing component or package that may be installed into the hubas one component. Alternatively, the rotation sensors,,,and the switch sensorsmay be discrete components that maybe installed as separate components, and may include their own seals, substrates, and the like. Moreover, the wearable electronic devicemay include only a single sensor, such as either the rotational sensor or the switch sensor.

3 5 FIGS.and 142 144 144 212 144 212 144 146 150 156 142 156 144 142 172 114 144 142 100 110 144 156 142 100 With continued reference to, the sensing elementis surrounded by a seal. The seal, which may be pressure sensitive adhesive, heat activated film, silicone, or other sealing materials, is positioned around a perimeter of the compartment. For example, the sealmay be a rectangular shaped element that extends around a perimeter of the compartmentand sealing member. The sealdefines an opening allowing the rotation sensors and the switch sensor to be in communication with the trackable elementand stem. A membraneor flexible seal extends over the opening and is positioned over the sensing element. The membraneacts along with the sealto prevent water, debris, and other elements from reaching the sensing element. For example, water and other elements may travel through the button aperturewithin the enclosure, but due to the membrane and the sealmay not reach the sensing elementand other internal components of the wearable electronic device. As another example, in some embodiments, the buttonmay be removable and the sealand membraneprevent water and other elements from damaging the sensing elementand/or other internal components of the wearable devicewhile the crown or button is removed.

5 FIG. 158 160 156 216 156 158 156 158 With reference to, the tipof switch sensormay be positioned above the membrane, with a sealing ringsealing the membraneagainst the sidewalls of the tip. In these embodiments, the membranemay be flexible and allow the tipto move vertically without ripping or otherwise compromising the seal of the membrane.

110 100 148 110 148 150 172 139 114 150 139 150 146 158 1 3 5 FIGS.,, and Operation of the input buttonwill now be discussed in further detail. With reference to, to provide a first input to the wearable input device, the user applies a push force F to the headof the crown or button. As the force F is exerted against the head, the head and the stemmove laterally along the length of the button aperturein the direction of the force F, towards the internal cavitydefined by the enclosure. As the stemmoves into the cavity, the bottom end of the stem, in some instances, the trackable element, transfers at least a portion of the force F to the tip.

158 214 168 170 214 168 124 124 160 150 In response to the force F on the tip, the domecollapses, moving the contactinto communication with a contact (not shown) on the floor. As the domecollapses, the user is provided feedback (e.g., through the audible sound of the dome collapsing or the mechanical feel of the dome collapsing). As the contactregisters an input, a signal is produced and transmitted to the processing element. The processing elementthen uses the signal to register a user input. It should be noted that in embodiments where the switch sensoris positioned off-axis from the stem(discussed in more detail below), the force F may be angled as shown by angled force AF. This angled force AF may be registered as a second user input, in addition to the on-axis force F.

120 150 110 150 172 120 120 4 FIG. In some embodiments, the button aperture may be sufficiently large that the switch sensorcan be activated by the angled force AF, even when the switch sensor is positioned beneath the stemas shown in. In other words, the angled force AF or other off-axis force may activate the input buttonwhen the frictional engagement of the stemwith the button aperturesidewall is insufficient to resist the angled force AF. As the angle increases, the frictional force acting on the stem increases and by varying the size of the stem and/or button aperture, a predetermined angle range may be selected for which the angled force AF can activate the switch. For example, a maximum angle of the input force can be selected and when the force is below that angle, the angled force can activate the switchand when the angled force is at or above the maximum angle, the input button may not be activated. As an example, a force applied to the input button at an angle up to 30 or 45 degrees may be able to activate the switch sensor.

110 148 148 150 150 146 210 210 210 210 146 124 a b c d Additionally, the input buttoncan register rotational inputs. For example, if a user applies a rotation force R to the head, the headand stemrotate. As the stemrotates, the trackable elementrotates correspondingly. The rotation sensors,,,track movement of the trackable elementand produce signals that are transmitted to the processing element, which may use signals to determine the rotation speed and direction.

3 5 FIGS.- 5 FIG. 1 FIG. 210 210 210 210 146 210 210 210 210 150 146 146 182 184 210 210 210 210 210 210 210 210 a b c d a b c d a b c d a b c d With reference toin embodiments where the rotation sensors,,,are Hall effect sensors and the trackable elementis a magnet, the sensors,,,may use the changes in magnetic field to determine rotation. With reference to, as the stemrotates due to the rotation force R (see), the trackable elementrotates along the rotation axis therewith. As the trackable elementrotates the two poles,rotate over (or near) each of the rotation sensors,,,, causing the rotation sensors,,,to detect a change in the magnetic field.

124 146 150 110 142 124 100 The changes in magnetic field can be used by the processing elementto determine rotation speed and direction of the trackable element(and thus stem). In this manner, the user may apply a rotational input to the button, which may be detected by the sensing element. It should be noted that in some embodiments, the speed and/or direction of the user input may be used to activate different applications and/or may be provided as separate input types of the processing element. For example, rotation in a first direction at a first speed may correlate to a first type of input and rotation in a second direction at a second speed may correlate to a second input, and rotation in the first direction at the second speed may be a third input. In this manner, multiple user inputs can be detectable through the crown of the wearable input device.

210 210 210 210 146 210 210 210 210 210 210 210 210 122 210 210 210 210 110 a b c d a b c d a b c d a b c d As described above, in some embodiments, the rotation sensors,,,may be Hall effect sensors that vary an output signal in response to a change in a magnetic field, e.g., as the trackable elementchanges orientation with respect to each of the sensors,,,. In these embodiments, the rotation sensors,,,typically draw current from the power sourcewhen activated. Thus, the sensors,,,may constantly draw power when searching for a user input to the input button.

100 122 100 142 146 146 110 142 142 210 210 210 210 150 a b c d However, in some embodiments it may be desirable to reduce power consumption of the wearable electronic device. For example, it may be desirable for the power sourceto provide power to the devicefor multiple days without recharging. In these embodiments, the sensing elementcan include an inductor near the trackable elementor other magnetic element attached to the crown. The inductor will generate a current when the trackable elementmoves (such as due to a user input to the input button). The induced current may be used as a wake or interrupt signal to the sensing element. The sensing elementmay then activate the rotation sensors,,,to allow better rotational sensing for the position of the stem.

100 122 100 146 In the above embodiment, the wearable input devicemay detect user inputs during zero power or low-power sleep modes. Thus, the life of the power sourcemay be enhanced, while not reducing the functionality of the device. Moreover, the induced current could be used to get direction and/or rotational velocity measurements as the trackable elementis moved. For example, the current direction and voltage induced by the inductor may be used to determine rotational direction and speed.

142 146 142 110 In yet another embodiment, the sensing elementmay include a magnet or magnetic element as the trackable elementand the rotation sensor may include an inductor. In this example, as the magnet is moved relative to the inductor, a current is induced within the inductor, which as described above could be used to determine rotational speed and/or velocity. In this manner, the sensing elementmay not require much, if any, power while still tracking user inputs to the input buttonor crown.

3 FIG. 3 FIG. 160 150 110 160 150 150 160 148 160 172 172 114 150 172 With reference to, the switch sensorhas been illustrated as being positioned on-axis with the stemof the input button. However, in other embodiments, the switch sensormay be positioned perpendicular to the stemand/or otherwise angled relative to the stem. In these embodiments, the switch sensorcan sense off-axis movement, such as a user pressing the headdownward at a 45 degree angle. For example, the switch sensormay be positioned within the button apertureand/or adjacent the opening of the button apertureinto the enclosureand may track movement of the stemvertically (relative to) within the button aperture.

100 148 150 114 148 172 150 172 160 110 In other embodiments, the wearable devicemay include both on and off axis switch sensors to detect various types of user inputs. For example, the user may press the top end of the headto force the steminwards towards the enclosure, which may be registered by the on-axis switch. As another example, the user may press the headdownward at an angle relative to the button aperture. The stemmay be pushed towards an inner wall of the button aperture(in which the switch sensor may be positioned), allowing the switch sensor to detect that movement as well. In this example, the button click may be activated by pressing the crown vertically downwards and/or at an angle. Alternatively, the switch sensormay be activated through a pivot point. In other words, the input to the crown or input buttonmay be on-axis, off-axis, perpendicular to the rotation direction, and/or a combination of the different input types.

100 172 100 143 150 143 150 143 150 172 150 712 143 172 110 172 114 6 7 FIGS.and 6 FIG. In some embodiments, the wearable electronic devicemay include components that may be used to retain the input button within the button aperture.illustrate cross-section views of examples of retention components for the input button. With initial reference to, in a first example, the wearable electronic devicemay include a clipthat connects to a bottom end of the stem. For example, the clipmay be a C-clip that is received around a portion of the stem. In this example, the clipallows the stemto rotate within the button aperture, but prevents the stemfrom being removed from the button aperture. The clipmay have a larger diameter than the button apertureto prevent removal of the input buttonfrom the button apertureor may be secured to the enclosurein a manner that prevents the input button from being removed.

150 143 143 150 143 150 150 150 The stemmay also include a groove or other detent that receives the retaining element. In this example, the retaining elementclips into position and is secured to the stem. As another example, the retaining elementmay be a bearing, such as a ball bearing, that is received around the outer surface of the stem. In this embodiment, the bearing may have a low friction connection to the stemto allow the stemto rotate, but may have an increased diameter as compared to the stem, which helps to secure the stem in position relative to the enclosure.

146 110 143 142 145 145 150 145 150 110 172 145 146 139 114 146 145 145 146 145 6 FIG. 7 FIG. In some embodiments, the trackable elementmay also act as a retaining element for the input button. For example, the clipinmay be a diametric magnet that may be detectable by the sensing element. In another example, with reference to, the retaining element may be a retaining magnet. In this example, the retaining magnetmay be formed integrally with the stemor connected to a bottom end thereof. The retaining magnetmay have a diameter that is substantially the same as the diameter of the stem, which allows the input buttonto be inserted into the button aperturewith the retaining magnetconnected thereto. In this embodiment, the trackable elementis a second magnet that is positioned within the cavitydefined by the enclosure. The trackable elementincludes an opposite polarization from the retaining magnet at least on a side that interfaces with the retaining magnet. For example, the retaining magnetmay be a plate with magnetic properties, such as, but not limited to, a steel or metal plate, a ferromagnetic material, or the like. In this manner, the trackable elementand the retaining magnetmay experience an attractive force towards one another.

146 145 145 146 146 146 145 In some embodiments, the trackable elementmay be separated from the retaining magnetby a gap. In these embodiments, the gap may be sufficiently dimensioned such that the retaining magnetis able to interact with the trackable elementand cause the trackable elementto move therewith. Alternatively, the trackable elementmay be positioned against a surface of the retaining magnet

146 145 110 139 146 110 172 146 172 145 150 Due the varying polarizations, the trackable elementattracts the retaining magnetpulling the input buttoninto the cavity. The trackable elementmay have a diameter configured to retain the buttonwithin the button aperture. For example, the trackable elementmay have a larger diameter than a diameter of the button apertureand larger than a diameter of the retaining magnet. In these embodiments, the attraction between the retaining magnet and the trackable element may secure the two elements together, and prevent the stemfrom being pulled through the button aperture, at least because the diameter of the trackable element may be larger than the button aperture.

146 142 146 150 172 146 142 142 142 142 3 FIG. In some embodiments, the trackable elementmay also be detectable by the sensing element. For example, because the trackable elementmay be configured to retain the stemwithin the button aperture, the larger diameter of the trackable element, as compared to the trackable element shown in(which may have approximately the same diameter of the stem) may allow the sensing elementto more easily track movement of the trackable element. That is, the trackable element in this example may have a larger surface area that may be tracked by the sensing element, allowing the sensing elementto more easily detect its movements.

7 FIG. 146 145 145 150 146 145 146 150 145 150 146 146 145 146 110 172 146 142 110 With continued reference to, in this embodiment, the trackable elementrotates with the retaining magnet. For example, as the stem rotates, the retaining magnet, which is connected to the stem, rotates. Continuing with this example, due to the magnetic force between the trackable elementand the retaining magnet, the trackable elementrotates with the stem. In these embodiments, the retaining magnetmay act to retain the stemto the trackable elementand because of the increased size of the trackable elementas compared to the retaining magnet, the trackable elementretains the buttonwithin the button aperture. The trackable elementthen interacts with the sensing elementto allow the user inputs to the input buttonto be detected.

6 7 FIGS.and 114 143 145 139 172 110 114 139 172 The retaining elements shown inare meant as illustrative only. Many other types of retaining elements are envisioned that may be used to connect the input button to the enclosure, e.g., flanges, fasteners (such as screws), or the like. In embodiments where the input button includes a retaining element, the input button may have a better “feel” to the user as it may feel less “squishy,” which can detract from the user experience. Additionally, the retaining elements,help to reduce water, fluid, and other debris from entering into the cavitythrough the button aperture. In other words, because the input buttonmay be securely connected to the enclosure, certain elements can be blocked by the button or the retaining member and prevented from entering into the cavityvia the button aperture. Moreover, the retaining elements may help to prevent the input button from becoming disconnected from the electronic device.

8 FIG. 6 FIG. 342 348 350 348 350 348 350 348 350 In some embodiments, the sensing element may be spatially separated from the trackable element and/or positioned out of series with the movement of the stem.is a cross-section view of the wearable device including two sensing elements positioned within the cavity of the enclosure. With reference to, in this embodiment, the sensing elementmay include a first magnetometerand a second magnetometer. Each magnetometer,is configured to sense magnetic fields and optionally the direction of any sensed magnetic field. As one example, each magnetometer,may include three Hall effect sensors, each of which may be used to sense a particular magnetic field vector. In other words, each Hall effect sensor in the magnetometers,may be configured to measure components in at least one direction, e.g., X, Y, and Z. In this example, each Hall effect sensor may be oriented perpendicularly relative to the other Hall effect sensors. The magnetic field vectors detected by each Hall effect sensor can be combined to determine an overall vector length and/or direction for one or more magnetic fields.

348 350 366 114 368 348 350 348 350 116 368 342 116 368 The magnetometers,may be connected to a substrate, an internal wall of the enclosure, or another support structure. Optionally, a shielding elementmay be positioned around at least a portion of the magnetometer,. For example, in one embodiment both magnetometers,may be positioned beneath the displayand the shielding elementmay reduce interference and noise between the sensing elementand the display. However, in other embodiments, the shielding elementmay be omitted or differently configured.

8 FIG. 348 350 310 142 348 350 146 With continued reference toin some embodiments, the two magnetometers,may be spaced apart by a distance D from one another. The distance D may be used to determine user input to the input button, and in particular movement of the trackable element. In some embodiments, the distance D may be selected such that the magnetometers,may be able to sense movement of the trackable element, as well as sensing the Earth's magnetic field, which allows the magnetometers to be used as a compass. In other words, the distance D may be sufficiently small such that the Earth's magnetic field may be experienced by both magnetometers in substantially the same manner, but may be sufficiently large that movement of the trackable element may be experienced differently by each magnetometer.

342 348 350 146 310 146 342 146 146 348 350 348 350 348 350 146 8 FIG. In operation, the sensing elementincluding the magnetometers,detects changes in a local magnetic field due to the varying position of the trackable element. That is, as the user rotates or otherwise provides an input to the input button, the trackable elementvaries its position relative to the sensing element, causing a change in at least one component of the magnetic field. In embodiments where the trackable elementincludes a magnetic component, varying the position of the trackable elementrelative to the magnetometers,causes the magnetometers to detect a change in the magnetic field. In the embodiment shown in, the distance D between the two magnetometers,is known and thus the delta or difference between the signals of the two magnetometers,can be determined. This delta can then be used to determine the position of the trackable element. In particular, the signals from each magnetometer may be processed using the known distance D and the signals may then be correlated to the user input.

348 350 146 124 342 310 In some embodiments, the two magnetometers,may be configured to detect the magnitude of the magnetic field of the trackable element, as well as the direction. In this manner, the processing element, which is in communication with the sensing element, can determine the user input to the input button, e.g., the direction, speed, and distance of a rotation of the input button, all of which may be correlated to different parameters of the user input to the button.

100 310 116 In instances where the magnetometers in the electronic device can sense both the rotation of the input button and extraneous magnetic fields, such as the Earth's magnetic field, the encoder for the input button may be used simultaneously with a compass function for the electronic device. This may allow a user to provide input via the input button, while at the same time viewing a compass output (e.g., arrow pointing towards north) on the display.

342 100 342 342 146 In some embodiments, the sensing elementmay be calibrated to avoid detecting magnetic fields that may be part of the wearable electronic deviceor components it may interact with. For example, in some instances, a charging cable, including a magnetic attachment mechanism, may be used with the electronic device. In this example, the magnetic field of the charging cable can be calibrated out of the sensing elementsuch that it may not substantially affect the sensing elementsability to detect the trackable element.

8 FIG. 342 310 348 350 342 342 342 With continued reference to, although the sensing elementof the input buttonhas been discussed as including two magnetometers,, in some embodiments the sensing elementmay include a single magnetometer. By including a single magnetometer, the sensing elementmay be less expensive to implement as it may include fewer components. However, in these embodiments, larger movements of the input button may be required for the sensing elementto detect the user inputs, i.e., the sensitivity may be reduced.

9 FIG. 9 FIG. 410 110 446 150 114 446 150 410 446 In some embodiments, the trackable element may detect orientation, acceleration, or other parameters that can be used to determine a user input.is a cross-section view of an example of an input button with the trackable element configured to detect movement of the shaft. With reference to, in this embodiment the input buttonmay be substantially similar to the input button, but the trackable elementmay be a gyroscope or other element configured to detect changes in orientation or acceleration. In these embodiments, the trackable element may independently track movement of the stemrelative to the enclosure. For example, the trackable elementis connected to the shaftand as the user provides an input to the button, the shaft rotates, and the trackable elementdetects the direction and speed of rotation.

442 458 458 446 458 458 446 150 9 FIG. The sensing elementin the embodiment illustrated inmay include a shaft contact. The shaft contactis electrically connected to the trackable elementand receives signals therefrom. For example, the shaft contactmay be a brush contact and be able to rotate, allowing the shaft contactand the trackable elementto be in electrical communication without substantially restricting rotation or other movement of the shaft(via the trackable element).

150 148 446 446 150 446 458 458 446 446 150 446 In operation, as a user rotates the shaft, for example, by rotating the head, the trackable elementdetects the rotation. In particular, the trackable elementexperiences the rotation of the shaftand detects the direction and speed of rotation. The trackable elementthen produces an electrical signal that may be transmitted to the shaft contact. For example, the shaft contactbrushes against the trackable elementas the trackable elementis spinning with the shaftand detects the signal produced by the trackable element.

458 442 446 124 124 446 126 100 124 446 166 410 124 150 100 100 100 446 100 124 126 446 410 The shaft contactand the sensing elementprovide the signal from the trackable elementto the processing element. The processing elementmay then compare the signal detected by the trackable elementto a rotational signal detected by one or more of the sensorswithin the electronic device. For example, the processing elementmay subtract the trackable elementsignal from a signal from a gyroscope sensor connected to the enclosure, logic board substrate, or other element separated from the input button. In this manner, the processing elementmay determine the rotation and other movement of the stemseparated from rotational movement of the electronic device. For example, the wearable electronic devicemay be moved while worn on the wrist of a user, and if the readings from the deviceas a whole are not subtracted from the trackable element readings, the user input may be miscalculated. However, in some instances the rotation experienced by the trackable elementmay be a sufficiently higher magnitude than the rotation experienced by the wearable deviceand the processing elementmay not need to subtract the sensordata from the data detected by the trackable elementto determine the user input to the button.

10 FIG. 10 FIG. 510 548 550 510 110 546 550 546 546 550 546 550 546 550 In another example, the sensing element may detect features defined on the shaft of the button or otherwise connected thereto.is a cross-section view the wearable device including another example of the sensing element and trackable element. With reference to, in this example, input buttonmay include a headand shaftextending thereof. The input buttonmay be substantially similar to the input button, but the trackable elementmay be defined around a portion of the shaft. For example, the trackable elementmay be a series of notches, ridges, or other detectable markings (e.g., paint, colors, etc.), or other features. The trackable elementmay be integrally formed with the shaft, such as grooves or ridges formed during manufacturing/molding, or may be a separate element connected to shaft. In some embodiments, the trackable elementmay extend around a portion of a bottom end of the outer surface of the shaftor the trackable elementmay extend around the entire outer surface of the shaft.

10 FIG. 542 114 550 546 542 550 139 114 172 542 550 542 With continued reference to, in this example, the sensing elementmay be connected to the enclosureand may be positioned adjacent at least a portion of the shaftand trackable element. For example, the sensing elementmay be positioned parallel with the portion of the shaftthat extends into the cavityand may be anchored to the enclosuresurrounding the button aperture. In some embodiments, the sensing elementmay surround the entire shaftof the input button and in other embodiments the sensing elementmay surround only portions (e.g., positioned on opposing sides) of the shaft.

542 550 546 546 542 542 546 542 546 542 546 546 114 550 546 114 550 The sensing elementis configured to detect movement of the shaftby detecting the trackable element. As one example, the trackable elementmay be a magnetic element and the sensing elementmay be a Hall effect sensor. As a second example, the trackable element may be a colored marking and the sensing elementmay be an optical sensor. As a third example, the trackable elementmay be a metallic element or other capacitive sensitive element and the sensing elementmay be a capacitive sensor. As a fourth example, the trackable elementmay be a ridge or extension connected to the shaft and the sensing elementmay be a mechanical contact that is compressed or otherwise selected when the ridge passes over it. In this example, the mechanical contact may also be a gear or other keyed element that engages with the trackable element. In particular, the trackable elementmay be corresponding gears or teeth that engage a mechanical element on the enclosure. As the stemrotates, the trackable elementwill rotate, meshing the gears or teeth with the gears/teeth of the enclosure, which may allow the sensing element to determine movement of the stem.

10 FIG. 548 550 550 546 542 542 124 510 With reference to, in operation, the user rotates or provides a push input to the head, and the stemmoves correspondingly. As the stemmoves, the trackable elementrotates, translates, or otherwise moves relative to the sensing element. The sensing elementprovides a signal (or causes another element connected thereto to provide a signal) to the processing element, registering the user input to the input button.

11 FIG. 11 FIG. 610 110 610 642 114 650 642 171 172 642 124 In some embodiments, the input button may include an electrical connection between the stem and the enclosure.is a cross-section view of an input button including an electrical connection between the enclosure and internal components of the wearable device and the input button. The input buttonmay be substantially similar to the input button, but may include a direct electrical connection between the stem of the input button and the sensing element. With reference to, the input buttonmay include a sensing elementconnected to the enclosureand positioned above the aperture receiving the stem. The sensing elementmay be an electrical contact or pad that is connected to an interior sidewallof the button aperture. The sensing elementmay be in communication with the processing elementvia one or more connections (not shown) or wirelessly. As another example, the sensing element may be an optical sensor that senses light (which need not be in the visible spectrum) from a sidewall of the shaft. The shaft may be patterned, colored or otherwise marked so that rotation of the shaft varies the light received by the sensing element, thereby allowing the sensing element to detect rotation and/or translation of the shaft.

646 650 646 643 650 643 650 646 642 643 642 The trackable elementin this embodiment may be a mechanical brush that is positioned on the stem. For example, the trackable elementmay include brush elementspositioned on an outer surface of the stemat predetermined positioned. Alternatively, the brush elementsmay be positioned around an entire perimeter of the outer surface of the stem. The trackable elementmay be one or more conductive elements that interact with the sensing element. For example, the brush elementsmay be copper bristles that electrically interact with the sensing element.

11 FIG. 646 630 630 648 650 610 630 630 648 650 630 610 With continued reference to, in some embodiments, the trackable elementmay be in electrical communication with a crown sensoror an input sensor connected to the button. The crown sensormay be positioned in the headand/or stemof the input button. The crown sensormay be substantially any type of sensor, such as, but not limited to, microphone, speaker, capacitive sensor, optical sensor, biometric sensor, or the like. The crown sensormay be positioned substantially anywhere on the headand/or stemand there may be two or more crown sensorseach connected to location within the input button.

648 650 650 646 642 643 642 646 642 642 124 642 650 643 642 In operation, as a user provides an input, such as a rotational force to the head, the stemrotates. As the stemrotates, the trackable elementcontacts the sensing element. In particular, the brush elementsintermittently or continuously directly contact the sensing elementcreating an electrical connection between the trackable elementand the sensing element. The sensing elementthen creates an input signal corresponding to the sensed movement and provides the input signal to the processing element. In some embodiments, the sensing elementmay sense the rotational speed and/or number of rotations of the stembased on the number of contacts created between the brush elementsand the sensing element.

610 630 646 630 642 642 124 630 114 630 646 642 648 124 In embodiments where the input buttonincludes the crown sensor, the trackable elementmay communicate one or more signals from the crown sensorto the sensing elementor other components in communication with the sensing element(e.g., processing element). As one example, the crown sensormay be a biometric sensor that detects a user's heart rate and/or regularity and provide that data to the processing element within the enclosurevia the sensing element and trackable element. As another example, the crown sensormay be a microphone and the trackable elementand sensing elementmay be used to pull data from the microphone on the head(or other location) and provide that data to the processing element.

642 630 643 646 646 642 646 630 610 Alternatively or additionally, the sensing elementmay transfer power to the trackable element and the crown sensor. For example, when the brush elementscontact the sensing element, the sensing elementmay transfer current through the connection. The current transferred between the sensing elementand the trackable elementmay be used to provide power to the crown sensor, as well as any other components (e.g., displays) that are connected to the input buttonand separated from the cavity of the enclosure.

12 FIG. 12 FIG. 710 110 730 748 710 730 630 730 730 648 648 730 731 748 748 In some embodiments, the input button may sense a user input via one or more sensors positioned on the head of the button.is a cross-section view of the input button including an input sensor. With reference to, in this embodiment, the input buttonmay be substantially similar to the input button, but may include an input sensorconnected to or defined on the headof the button. The input sensormay be similar to the crown sensorand may be configured to detect one or more characteristics that may be used to detect a user input. As an example, the input sensormay include one or more capacitive sensors, optical sensors, resistive sensors, or the like. The input sensormay determine if a user positions his or her finger on the headand if the user moves his or her finger along a portion of the head(e.g., around the exterior perimeter of the head). In one embodiment, the input sensormay include a plurality of sensing elementspositioned around the sidewalls defining the head, which may be configured to detect a user sliding his or her finger around the head.

730 730 The input sensormay receive power in a manner similar to the crown sensor, or may be connected to a power source positioned within the enclosure. For example, the input sensormay be connected via one or more wires to a power source within the enclosure or may be inductively coupled to a power source to receive power wirelessly.

12 FIG. 710 750 748 710 172 172 648 730 710 172 750 160 748 745 750 158 160 160 In the embodiment illustrated in, the input button, and in particular the stemand head, may be prevented from rotating. In other words, the input buttonmay translate laterally relative to the button aperture, but may not rotate within the button aperture. In these embodiments, the user may provide a rotational input to the wearable device by rotating his or her finger around the head(or other areas of the input button) and the input sensordetects the movement of the finger around the head and provides the input to the processing element. In embodiments where the input buttontranslates laterally within the button aperture, the stemmay be pushed by a user against the switch sensorto detect a user input. For example, the user may press against the face of the headand provide a lateral force to the input button, causing the bottom surfaceof the stemto press against the tipof the switch sensor, causing the switch sensorto register a user input.

710 114 730 730 750 747 748 747 747 731 730 124 731 731 731 731 747 748 In some embodiments, the input buttonmay be fixed relative to the enclosureor may be formed integrally therewith. In these embodiments, the input sensormay detect “button press” inputs. In other words, the input sensormay detect a user input force F applied parallel to the stemor other inputs where the user provides a lateral force to the input button. In this example, as the user presses his or her finger against the faceof the head, the user's finger may expand as it engages the faceor may conform to the shape of the face. As the force increases, the user's finger may interact with more sensing elementsof the input sensor, which may be correlated to the user input force F by the processing element. For example the sensing elementsmay be optical sensors and the user's finger may cover more sensing elementsas the force F increases or the sensing elementsmay be capacitive sensors and the user's finger may interact with more capacitive sensors as the force increases. In these embodiments, the sensing elementsmay be positioned along the face, as well as sidewalls of the headand may be positioned in a pattern, such as rows or circles, or may be positioned randomly.

13 FIG.A 13 FIG.B 13 FIG.A 13 FIG.A 14 FIG. 106 810 814 814 114 816 816 872 872 872 860 816 816 812 116 814 816 858 814 In some embodiments, the tactile switch positioned within the enclosure may be positioned within a sidewall of the enclosure surrounding the input button. These embodiments may allow non-lateral forces, such as forces applied perpendicular to the stem to register a user input, as well as provide a tactile sensation to the user.is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the input button including a switch sensorpositioned parallel to the stem.is a cross-section view of the input button illustrated inwith a force being applied to the head. With initial reference to, in this embodiment, the button assembly may include the input buttonpositioned within an enclosure. The enclosuremay be substantially similar to the enclosurebut may include a switch cavitydefined therein. The switch cavitymay be formed as an extension or pocket of the button aperture. As an example, a defining the button apertureon a first side of the button aperturemay expand outwards to form a switch sidewallthat defines the switch cavity. In these embodiments, the switch cavitymay open into a device cavitydefined by the displayand the enclosure. In this manner, the switch cavitymay be formed as a recess in the sidewallof the enclosure. However, in other embodiments, the switch cavity may be at least partially enclosed (see, e.g.,).

13 FIG.A 810 848 847 850 848 848 850 845 850 852 852 850 154 852 154 With continued reference to, the input buttonincludes a headhaving a front faceand a stemextending from a bottom surface of the head. The headmay form a flange for the end of the stemand may also include a sidewall. The stemmay include an annular recessdefined around an outer surface thereof. The annular recessmay be defined in a middle portion of the stem, towards an end of the stem, or otherwise as desired. A sealing elementmay be received within the annular recess. The sealing element, as discussed above, may be a compressible element, such as an O-ring or seal cup.

146 850 142 142 146 810 142 850 872 142 866 The trackable elementmay be connected to the bottom of the stemand may be in communication with the sensing element. The sensing elementis configured to detect movement or rotation of the trackable elementto determine user inputs to the input button. In some embodiments, the sensing elementmay be aligned with the stemand the button apertureand may be positioned adjacent to the bottom end of the stem. The sensing elementmay be supported by a substrate.

13 FIG.A 3 FIG. 160 160 214 166 160 816 160 860 812 160 866 866 142 812 160 816 158 214 851 850 158 851 850 158 851 848 160 The button assembly illustrated inmay also include the switch sensor. The switch sensor, as described in, includes the domeand substrate. However, in this embodiment, the switch sensor, or at least a portion thereof, is received within the switch cavity. In particular, the switch sensormay be connected to the switch sidewallbut may extend partially into the cavity. In this manner, the switch sensormay be connected to the substrate, to support the substrateand sensing elementwithin the cavity. The switch sensorand the switch cavitymay be configured such that the tipof the domemay be positioned adjacent to the outer sidewallof the stem. In some embodiments, the tipmay even be positioned against the outer sidewallof the stem. The distance between the tipand the sidewallmay determine the amount of force applied to the headin order to activate the switch sensor. As an example, the further the distance, the more force that may be required to activate the switch sensor.

848 850 142 146 850 146 142 3 FIG. In operation, the user may rotate the head, which causes the stemto rotate correspondingly. As described in more detail above with respect to, the sensing elementtracks the rotation of the trackable elementto determine the rotation of the stem. For example, the trackable elementmay be a magnetic element and the sensing elementmay be a Hall effect sensor, or another magnetic sensor that may detect movement of the trackable element. In other embodiments, the trackable element and the sensing element may be otherwise configured to detect user input to the stem.

13 FIG.B 13 FIG.B 845 848 872 848 872 850 814 848 872 1 848 850 154 854 853 850 146 860 816 2 853 850 2 858 850 158 214 160 160 With reference to, if a user applies a force F to the sidewallof the headthat angles relative to the button aperture, the headmay deflect in downwards relative to the button aperture. Although the stemis illustrated as impacting or deflecting the enclosurein, it should be appreciated that the deflection of the stem may be exaggerated for purposes of clarity. Alternatively, in some embodiments, a portion of the enclosure may be deformable to a chamfer, or another space may be defined in the enclosure to permit the stem to angularly deflect as shown. That is, the headmay deflect in the direction of the applied force F and may move vertically relative to the button aperturein a first direction D. As the headmoves downward, the stemmay compress a bottom of the sealing elementand pivots at pivot point. The bottom endof the stemand trackable elementthen move upwards towards the switch sidewallof the sensor cavityin a second direction D. Movement of the bottom endof the stemin the second direction Dcauses the sidewallof the stemto compress the tip, collapsing the dome. As the dome collapses, the switch sensorregisters an input and the dome provides feedback to the user regarding activation of the switch sensor.

14 FIG. 13 FIG.A 14 FIG. 810 816 814 816 812 850 872 850 816 In some embodiments, a middle portion of the stem may activate the switch sensor.is a cross-sectional view of another example of the buttonillustrated in. With reference to, in this embodiment, the switch cavitymay be defined towards an exterior of the enclosureand may be aligned with a middle portion, rather than a bottom end, of the stem. Additionally, the seal cavitymay be somewhat enclosed from the cavitywhen the stemis received into the button aperture. In other words, the stemmay form a lid or cover for the switch cavity.

852 850 850 872 154 812 816 Additionally, the annular recessmay be defined towards the bottom end of the stem. In particular, when the stemis positioned within the button aperture, the sealing membermay be positioned between the cavityand the seal cavity.

14 FIG. 835 146 872 835 812 872 812 872 142 146 835 146 142 835 With continued reference to, a sensing sealmay be positioned around the trackable elementand the button aperture. In this manner, the sensing sealmay substantially seal the cavityfrom the button apertureto prevent fluids, debris, and the like from entering into the cavityfrom the button aperture. Depending on the type of sensing elementand trackable element, the sensing sealmay be positioned between the trackable elementand the sensing element. However, in other embodiments, the sensing sealmay be positioned around both the sensing element and the trackable element.

14 FIG. 845 848 848 1 853 850 850 1 848 854 853 850 854 853 850 850 1 154 850 850 872 160 In operation, with reference to, as a user applies a force F to the sidewallof the head, the headmay move in the first direction Dcorresponding to the direction of the input force F. The back endof the stemmay move upwards, but the middle portion or the belly of the stemmay move in the direction Dwith the headdue to the pivot pointbeing positioned towards the back endof the stem. In other words, as the pivot pointis located towards the endof the stem, the middle portion of the stemmoves in the same direction Das the force F. The compressibility of the sealing memberprovides a pivot point for the stem, to allow the stemto move within the constraints of the button aperturein order to activate the switch sensor.

13 14 FIGS.B and 854 154 160 850 With reference to, depending on the location of the pivot point, which may be determined by the location of the sealing member, the switch sensormay be located at a number of different locations relative to the stemand may be activated by forces applied in a variety of directions. As such, the location of the switch sensor may be varied as desired.

850 Generally, the sensor may output a signal in response to motion of the stemand/or head. The signal may vary depending on the type of motion. For example, a rotational motion may cause a first signal output, while a lateral motion causes a second signal output and an angular motion causes a third signal output. The processor may receive the signal or data based on the signal, and may use the signal (or related data) to determine the input type and execute or initiate an action based on the input type, as appropriate. Further, in some embodiments, different sensors may sense different types of motion, such that multiple sensors may be used to sense multiple motions.

15 FIG. 15 FIG. 13 FIG.A 810 810 880 850 880 882 846 882 880 850 882 850 846 850 882 In some embodiments, the button assembly may further include a motor coupled to the input button that may provide feedback to a user as well as sense a user input to the button.is a cross-sectional view of the input button including a motor. With reference to, the input buttonmay be substantially similar to the input buttonillustrated in, but may include a motorattached to the stem. The motorincludes a drive shaftand is configured to detect motion of a trackable element, as well as cause motion of the trackable element, via movement of the drive shaft. The motormay be, for example, a rotary or linear vibrating motor that is coupled to the stem. The drive shaftcouples to the stemvia the trackable element. For example, the trackable element may be secured to the bottom surface of the stemand then connects to the drive shaft.

880 810 880 848 848 850 850 846 882 882 880 124 880 848 848 814 850 872 846 882 882 880 124 In a first mode, the motormay act as a sensing element and detect rotational user input to the input button. In embodiments where the motoris a rotary motor, as a user provides a rotational input R to the head, the headand stemmay rotate correspondingly. As the stemrotates, the trackable elementrotates, rotating the drive shaft. As the drive shaftrotates, the motorsenses the movement and provides a signal to the processing element. In embodiments where the motoris a linear motor, as a user provides a linear input L to the head, e.g., by pushing the headlateral towards the enclosure, the stemmoves laterally within the button apertureand the trackable elementmoves the drive shaftin the lateral direction. The movement of the drive shaftin the lateral direction may be detected by the motor, which creates a signal to provide to the processing element.

880 880 882 846 850 848 848 848 880 882 850 872 In a second mode, the motormay be used to provide feedback to the user. For example, in instances where the motoris a rotary motor, the drive shaftmay rotate the trackable element, which in turn rotates the stemand head. The rotational movement of the headmay be used to provide a visual indication, as well as a tactile indication (when the user is touching the head) to the user regarding the selection of a particular input, a state of the device, or the other parameter where feedback may be desired. In an embodiment where the motoris a linear motor, the drive shaftmay move the stemlinearly within the button apertureto provide feedback to the user.

880 880 850 810 116 880 850 880 880 880 810 880 848 880 850 880 850 848 116 Additionally, the motormay be used to provide dynamic feedback to the user. For example, the motormay be configured to rotate or otherwise move the stemthat is used to provide a “tick” or detent feel, without the requirement for a mechanical detent. As an example, a user may rotate the input buttonto scroll through a list of selectable items presented on the display. As the user passes a selectable item, the motormay move the stemto provide a click or tick feel. Additionally, the motormay selectively increase or decrease a force required to rotate or move the input button. For example, the motormay exert a force in the opposite direction of the user input force, and the user may be required to overcome the force exerted by the motorin order to rotate the input button. As another example, motormay be used provide a hard stop to limit the rotation of the head. The hard stop may be set at a particular rotational distance or may be based on a list of selectable items, presented items, or the like. As with the feedback example, to provide the hard stop, the motorexerts a force on the stemin the opposite direction of the user applied force, and the force may be sufficiently high to prevent the user from overcoming the force or may be set to indicate the user the location of the hard stop. As yet another example, the motormay provide a “bounce back” or “rubber band” feedback for certain inputs. In this example, as the user reaches the end of a selectable list, the motor may rotate the stemin the opposite direction of the user applied force, which may cause the headto appear to bounce backwards off of the end of the list presented on the display.

810 872 850 880 Additionally or alternatively, the wearable device may include a mechanical detent that may be used to provide feedback to the user as the user provides input to the input button. In this example, the mechanical detent may be defined on the inner sidewall of the button apertureand may provide feedback to a user and/or may be used as a stop for limiting rotation of the stem. The detent may be used in conjunction with the motoror separate therefrom.

880 850 880 850 In some embodiments, the motormay include a clutch that selectively engages and disengages the stemand the motor. In these embodiments, the motormay be disengaged to allow a user to provide a manual input without feedback and then may be engaged to provide feedback, prevent user rotation of the stem, or the like.

16 FIG. 16 FIG. 910 948 947 950 948 948 932 930 932 930 930 932 In some embodiments, the input button may include one or more sensors positioned within the head or other portion of the input button that may be used to detect user input thereto.is a cross-sectional view of the input button including an input sensor connected to the head. With reference to, in this embodiment, the input buttonmay include a headhaving a faceand a stemextending from a back portion of the head. The headmay define a sensor cavitythat receives an input sensor. The sensor cavitymay be configured to have approximately the same dimensions as the input sensoror may be larger or smaller than the input sensor. In some embodiments, the sensor cavitymay contain other components, such as a communication component or processing element.

930 930 948 950 930 910 124 947 948 The input sensormay be substantially any type of sensor that may detect one or more parameters. As some non-limiting examples, the sensormay be a microphone, accelerometer, or gyroscope, and may be used to detect user input to the headand/or stem. As one example, the input sensormay be an accelerometer and as the user provides input, such as a lateral or rotational force of the input button, the accelerometer may detect the change in acceleration, which may be used by the processing elementto determine the user input force to the button. Continuing with this example, if the user provides a “tap” or other input to the faceor other area of the head, the accelerometer may be configured to detect the movement due to the force in order to detect the user input force.

930 910 945 947 948 945 932 947 930 932 930 948 948 948 945 947 930 948 17 FIG. In another example, the input sensormay be a microphone.is a cross-sectional view of the input button. In this example, one or more aperturesmay be defined through the faceof the head. The aperturesmay be in fluid communication with the sensor cavitysuch that sound waves may travel through the faceto reach the sensorpositioned within the sensor cavity. In this example, the input sensormay detect user input, such as taps, clicks, or presses on the head, detecting the sounds created by the engagement of a user's finger with the head. In particular, as the user presses his or her finger against the head, the force may create one or more sound waves that may travel through the aperturesin the faceto reach the sensor. In these embodiments, the headmay form an input port to receive use inputs and may rotate or may not rotate. In other words, the head may be secured in position or may be allowed to rotate to provide the user with haptic feedback and tactile sensation as input is provided to the input button.

948 948 930 947 947 17 FIG. It should be noted that although the headshown inhas a plurality of apertures defined therethrough, in some embodiments the apertures may be omitted. For example, the headmay be created out of a material that may not dampen sound waves, e.g., a material that may transmit sound waves therethrough. Additionally or alternatively, the input sensormay be positioned against the faceand the facemay have a sufficiently thin thickness so as to allow sound waves to travel therethrough.

930 932 948 948 Although the input sensorand sensor cavityhave been discussed as being in the head, in some embodiments, the input sensor and sensor cavity may be positioned in the sidewalls of the head. In these embodiments, the sidewalls may include one or more apertures to allow sound waves to travel through.

The foregoing description has broad application. For example, while examples disclosed herein may focus on a wearable electronic device, it should be appreciated that the concepts disclosed herein may equally apply to substantially any other type of electronic device. Similarly, although the input button may be discussed with respect to a crown for a watch, the devices and techniques disclosed herein are equally applicable to other types of input button structures. Accordingly, the discussion of any embodiment is meant only to be exemplary and is not intended to suggest that the scope of the disclosure, including the claims, is limited to these examples.