Ups for Critical and Non-Critical Loads

This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(a) to Indian Provisional Application No. 202411021627, titled “UPS for Critical and Non-Critical Loads” filed Mar. 21, 2024, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes.

Power devices, such as uninterruptible power supplies, may be used to provide regulated, uninterrupted power for sensitive and/or critical loads, such as computer systems and other data-processing systems. Existing uninterruptible power supplies include online uninterruptible power supplies, offline uninterruptible power supplies, line-interactive uninterruptible power supplies, as well as others. Uninterruptible power supplies may provide output power to a load. The output power may be derived from a primary source of power, such as a utility, e.g., mains, source, and/or derived from a backup source of power, such as an energy storage device, e.g., a battery.

At least one example in accordance with the present disclosure relates generally to an uninterruptible power supply having discrete power delivery for loads that are deemed critical, i.e., loads that must remain powered on at all times, and loads that are deemed non-critical.

In accordance with at least one aspect, there is provided an uninterruptible power supply (UPS). The uninterruptible power supply may include an input. The uninterruptible power supply may include a first output and a second output. The uninterruptible power supply further may include a first bypass line coupled between the input and the second output. The uninterruptible power supply may include a first output connector configured to be coupled to a first load. The uninterruptible power supply further may include a second output connector configured to be coupled to a second load. The uninterruptible power supply additionally may include a first relay configured to selectively couple the second output connector to either the first output or the first bypass line.

In some embodiments, the uninterruptible power supply further may include a controller. The controller may be configured to monitor an input parameter of the input power at the input. The controller may be configured to operate the first relay to couple the second output connector to the first bypass line in response to the input parameter being within a first range. The controller may be configured to operate the first relay to couple the second output connector to the first output connector in response to the input parameter being outside of the first range.

In some embodiments, the input parameter may be at least one of an input voltage of the input power or an input frequency of the input power. The first range for the input parameter may be about ±30 V range about a magnitude of a nominal input voltage. In some embodiments, the first range for the input parameter may be about ±3 Hz about a magnitude of a nominal input frequency of the input power.

In some embodiments, the uninterruptible power supply further may include a third output connector, a second bypass line coupled between the input and the third output connector, and a second relay configured to selectively couple the first output to either the first output connector or the second bypass line.

In further embodiments, the controller may be configured, in a startup mode of operation, to operate the second relay to couple the first output connector to the second bypass line and, subsequent to the input power being provided to the first output via the second bypass line for a period of time, operate the second relay to couple the first output connector to the first output.

In further embodiments, the uninterruptible power supply may include a backup interface configured to be coupled to a backup power source and to receive backup power from the backup power source. The controller may be configured to operate in a backup mode of operation in response to the input parameter being outside of a second range. The controller may be configured to operate, in the backup mode of operation, the power conversion circuitry to convert the backup power into the regulated output power. The controller may be further configured to operate, in the backup mode of operation, the first relay to couple the second output connector to the first output.

In accordance with at least one aspect, there is provided a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing thereon instructions for operating an uninterruptable power supply. The uninterruptable power supply may include an input, a first output, a second output; a first bypass line coupled between the input and the second output; a first output connector coupled to a first load, and a second output connector coupled to a second load. The instructions may instruct at least one processor to control the UPS to monitor an input parameter of an input power received by the input. The instructions may instruct at least one processor to control the UPS operate the power conversion circuitry to convert the input power into regulated output power. The instructions further may instruct at least one processor to control the UPS to provide output power to the first output connector via the first output. The instructions may instruct at least one processor to control the UPS to operate a first relay to couple the second output connector to the first bypass line in response to the input parameter being within a first range such that the input power is provided to the second output connector. The instructions additionally may instruct at least one processor to control the UPS to operate the first relay to couple the second output connector to the first output in response to the input parameter being outside of the first range, such that the output power is provided to the second output connector.

In some embodiments, the input parameter may be at least one of an input voltage of the input power or an input frequency of the input power. In further embodiments, the instructions may instruct the at least one processor to control the UPS to operate the first relay to couple the second output connector to the first bypass line in response to the input voltage of the input power being within a ±30 V range about a magnitude of a nominal input voltage.

In further embodiments, the instructions may instruct the at least one processor to control the UPS to operate the first relay to couple the second output connector to the first bypass line in response to the input frequency of the input power being within a ±3 Hz range about a magnitude of a nominal input frequency of the input power.

In some embodiments, the UPS further may include a third output, and a second bypass line coupled between the input and the third output. In this configuration, the instructions further may instruct the at least one processor to control the UPS, in a startup mode of operation, to operate a second relay to couple the first output connector to the second bypass line such that the input power is provided to the first output connector. In further embodiments, the instructions may instruct the at least one processor to control the UPS, subsequent to the input power being provided to the first output via the second bypass line for a period of time, to operate the second relay to couple the first output connector to the first output.

In some embodiments, the UPS further may include a backup interface configured to be coupled to a backup power source and to receive backup power from the backup power source. In this configuration, the instructions further may instruct the at least one processor to control the UPS to operate in a backup mode of operation in response to the input parameter being outside of a second range. In some embodiments, the instructions further may instruct the at least one processor to control the UPS to operate, in the backup mode of operation, the power conversion circuitry to convert the backup power into the regulated output power. In some embodiments, the instructions further may instruct the at least one processor to control the UPS to operate, in the backup mode of operation, the first relay to couple the second output connector to the first output.

In accordance with at least one aspect, there is provided a method of operating an uninterruptable power supply. The uninterruptable power supply may include an input, a first output, a second output, a first bypass line coupled between the input and the second output, a first output connector coupled to a first load, and a second output connector coupled to a second load. The method may include monitoring an input parameter of an input power received by the input. The method further may include providing output power to the first output connector via the first output. The method further may include operating a first relay to couple the second output connector to the first bypass line in response to the input parameter being within a first range such that the input power is provided to the second output connector. The method additionally may include operating the first relay to couple the second output connector to the first output in response to the input parameter being outside of the first range such that the output power is provided to the second output connector.

In some embodiments, the input parameter may be at least one of an input voltage of the input power or an input frequency of the input power. In some embodiments, operating the first relay to couple the second output connector to the first bypass line includes operating the first relay to couple the second output connector to the first bypass line in response to the input voltage of the input power being within a ±30 V range about a magnitude of a nominal input voltage. In some embodiments, operating the first relay to couple the second output connector to the first bypass line may include operating the first relay to couple the second output connector to the first bypass line in response to the input frequency of the input power being within a ±3 Hz range about a magnitude of a nominal input frequency of the input power.

In further embodiments, the uninterruptable power supply may include a third output and a second bypass line coupled between the input and the third output. In this configuration, the method further may include operating, in a startup mode of operation, a second relay to couple the first output connector to the second bypass line such that the input power is provided to the first output connector. In further embodiments, the method may include, subsequent to the input power being provided to the first output via the second bypass line for a period of time in the startup mode of operation, operate the second relay to couple the first output connector to the first output.

In further embodiments, the uninterruptable power supply may include a backup interface configured to be coupled to a backup power source and to receive backup power from the backup power source. In this configuration, the method further may include operating the UPS in a backup mode of operation in response to the input parameter being outside of a second range. In further embodiments, the method may include operating, in the backup mode of operation, the power conversion circuitry to convert the backup power into the regulated output power. In further embodiments, the method may include operating, in the backup mode of operation, the first relay to couple the second output connector to the first output.

In accordance with at least one aspect, there is provided an uninterruptible power supply (UPS). The uninterruptible power supply may include an input configured to be coupled to a power source and to receive input power from the power source. The uninterruptible power supply may include power conversion circuitry coupled to the input and configured to convert the input power into regulated output power. The uninterruptible power supply may include a first output coupled to the power conversion circuitry and a second output. The uninterruptible power supply further may include a first bypass line coupled between the input and the second output and configured to provide the input power to the second output. The uninterruptible power supply may include a first output connector configured to be coupled to a first load and to receive the regulated output power from the power conversion circuitry. The uninterruptible power supply further may include a second output connector configured to be coupled to a second load. The uninterruptible power supply additionally may include a first relay configured to selectively couple the second output connector to either the first output or the first bypass line.

In accordance with at least one aspect, there is provided a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing thereon instructions for operating an uninterruptable power supply. The uninterruptable power supply may include an input coupled to a power source, power conversion circuitry coupled to the input, a first output coupled to the power conversion circuitry, a second output; a first bypass line coupled between the input and the second output; a first output connector coupled to a first load, and a second output connector coupled to a second load. The instructions may instruct at least one processor to control the UPS to monitor an input parameter of input power received by the input. The instructions may instruct at least one processor to control the UPS operate the power conversion circuitry to convert the input power into regulated output power. The instructions further may instruct at least one processor to control the UPS to provide the regulated output power to the first output connector via the first output. The instructions may instruct at least one processor to control the UPS to operate a first relay to couple the second output connector to the first bypass line in response to the input parameter being within a first range such that the input power is provided to the second output connector. The instructions additionally may instruct at least one processor to control the UPS to operate the first relay to couple the second output connector to the first output in response to the input parameter being outside of the first range, such that the regulated output power is provided to the second output connector.

In accordance with at least one aspect, there is provided a method of operating an uninterruptable power supply. The uninterruptable power supply may include an input coupled to a power source, power conversion circuitry coupled to the input, a first output coupled to the power conversion circuitry, a second output, a first bypass line coupled between the input and the second output, a first output connector coupled to a first load, and a second output connector coupled to a second load. The method may include monitoring an input parameter of input power received by the input. The method may include operating the power conversion circuitry to convert the input power into regulated output power. The method further may include providing the regulated output power to the first output connector via the first output. The method further may include operating a first relay to couple the second output connector to the first bypass line in response to the input parameter being within a first range such that the input power is provided to the second output connector. The method additionally may include operating the first relay to couple the second output connector to the first output in response to the input parameter being outside of the first range such that the regulated output power is provided to the second output connector.

Examples of the systems and methods discussed herein are not limited in application to the details of construction and the arrangement of components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The methods and systems are capable of implementation in other embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways. Examples of specific implementations are provided herein for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to be limiting. In particular, acts, components, elements and features discussed in connection with any one or more examples are not intended to be excluded from a similar role in any other examples.

Also, the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. Any references to examples, embodiments, components, elements or acts of the systems and methods herein referred to in the singular may also embrace embodiments including a plurality, and any references in plural to any embodiment, component, element or act herein may also embrace embodiments including only a singularity. References in the singular or plural form are not intended to limit the presently disclosed systems or methods, their components, acts, or elements. The use herein of “including,” “comprising,” “having,” “containing,” “involving,” and variations thereof is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items.

References to “or” may be construed as inclusive so that any terms described using “or” may indicate any of a single, more than one, and all of the described terms. In addition, in the event of inconsistent usages of terms between this document and documents incorporated herein by reference, the term usage in the incorporated features is supplementary to that of this document; for irreconcilable differences, the term usage in this document controls.

In a typical double conversion or online uninterruptible power supply (UPS), a bypass line can be included to allow a direct connection between an input of the UPS and an output of the UPS such that input AC power can be fed directly to an attached load as unregulated power, bypassing the double conversion circuitry of the UPS. It is common to configure the bypass line to operate in what is called “green mode.” In an online UPS, green mode is an optional mode of operation set by the user that directly feeds attached loads from raw AC mains power as long as the mains voltage and/or frequency is within an acceptable green mode range. Green mode is a relatively efficient mode of operation as the input is coupled directly to the output via the bypass line and there are minimal losses in the bypass line. Typically, passing the input load through the bypass line achieves a power delivery efficiency exceeding 98%. In contrast, in at least some embodiments, when operating in typical double conversion/online mode, the power delivery efficiency can drop to about 94%. The transfer time from green mode to online mode, i.e., double conversion mode, can be achieved in less than 5 ms.

If the input mains voltage and/or frequency of the input AC power is outside of the acceptable green mode range, the UPS can revert to a double conversion or online mode where regulated output power is provided to the load. In the double conversion mode, the input AC power is converted to DC power with an AC-DC converter, the DC power is provided to a DC bus, and the DC power on the DC bus is converted back into output AC power with a DC-AC inverter. In the double conversion mode, the connected load is decoupled from abnormalities in the input AC power such as power swells or current surges. In the double conversion mode, a backup power source, e.g., a battery, can be charged with energy derived from the DC power on the DC bus.

If the input mains voltage and/or frequency is unavailable or at such a level that it is insufficient to power loads coupled to the UPS, the UPS can enter a backup mode of operation, where the DC-AC inverter draws DC power derived from a backup power source, e.g., a battery, instead of DC power derived from the input AC power, and converts the DC power into output AC power. Double conversion/online UPS systems not only can provide backup power in the event of a mains failure, but also can be used to supply a clean and conditioned power to sensitive or critical loads.

One concern of operating a connected load in green mode can be that since the load is fed directly from the input via the bypass line, there is compromised protection of the load against abnormal surges at the input. Accordingly, despite the benefits of green mode operation, there exists reluctance in the marketplace to operate in green mode due to the exposure of sensitive or critical loads to raw mains power. For example, a typical environment that deploys UPS units includes both critical, e.g., computers, servers, and resource monitors, and non-critical, e.g., peripherals, e.g., printers, copiers, and scanners, loads. It is common practice to connect both the critical and non-critical loads to the output such that all loads (critical or non-critical) are operated in the same mode. Accordingly, as discussed above, there is a hesitation to operate a traditional online UPS in green mode because it would expose the critical loads to potential abnormal conditions at the input.

As disclosed herein, the present disclosure overcomes the aforementioned problems with green mode by allowing non-critical loads coupled to a UPS to be operated in green mode while critical loads coupled to the UPS are operated in double conversion/online mode. In accordance with at least one aspect, there is provided an uninterruptible power supply (UPS). The uninterruptible power supply may include an input configured to be coupled to a power source and to receive input power from the power source. The uninterruptible power supply may include power conversion circuitry coupled to the input and configured to convert the input power into regulated output power. The uninterruptible power supply may include a first output coupled to the power conversion circuitry and a second output. The uninterruptible power supply further may include a first bypass line coupled between the input and the second output and configured to provide the input power to the second output. The uninterruptible power supply may include a first output connector configured to be coupled to a first load and to receive the regulated output power from the power conversion circuitry. The uninterruptible power supply further may include a second output connector configured to be coupled to a second load. The uninterruptible power supply additionally may include a first relay configured to selectively couple the second output connector to either the first output or the first bypass line.

are block diagrams of a UPSaccording to various examples. With reference to, the UPSincludes an input, power conversion circuitry, a DC/DC converter, a backup interface, at least one controller(“controller”), a first bypass line, a first relayconnected to the first bypass line, a first output connectorA, a second output, a second output connectorB, a memory and/or storage, one or more communication interfaces(“communication interfaces”) which may be communicatively coupled to one or more external systems(“external systems”), and one or more voltage sensors and/or current sensors(“sensors”). In at least one embodiment, the power conversion circuitryincludes an AC/DC converter, one or more DC busses, and a DC/AC inverterhaving first output. The controllercontrols the operation of the AC/DC converter, the inverter, and various other components as discussed in more detail below, such as the first relayand the second relay. While the above description generally describes an online UPS architecture, the general scheme described herein, i.e., the inclusion of at least one relay and at least one bypass line configured to be coupled to non-critical loads, also applies to line interactive UPS systems which can have a similar architecture to online UPS systems as disclosed herein.

The inputis coupled to the AC/DC converterand to an AC power source (not pictured), such as an AC mains power supply. The AC/DC converteris coupled to the inputand to the one or more DC bussesand is communicatively coupled to the controller. The one or more DC bussesare coupled to the AC/DC converter, the DC/DC converter, and to the DC/AC inverter, and are communicatively coupled to the controller. The DC/DC converteris coupled to the one or more DC bussesand to the backup interfaceand is communicatively coupled to the controller. The backup interfaceis coupled to the DC/DC converterand is configured to be coupled to at least one backup power source, e.g., a battery, and/or another energy storage device. In some examples, the backup interfaceis configured to be communicatively coupled to the controller.

In some examples, the UPSmay be external to the at least one source of backup powerand may be coupled to the at least one source of backup powervia the backup interface. In various examples, the UPSmay include one or more sources of backup power, which may include the at least one source of backup power. The at least one source of backup powermay include one or more batteries, capacitors, flywheels, or other sources of backup power in various examples.

The DC/AC inverteris coupled to the one or more DC bussesand to the outputand is communicatively coupled to the controller. The first outputis coupled to the DC/AC inverter, and is configured to be coupled to an external load via first output connectorA. The controlleris communicatively coupled to the AC/DC converter, the one or more DC busses, the DC/DC converter, the backup interface, the DC/AC inverter, the first bypass line, the first relay, the second output, the memory and/or storage, the communication interfaces, and/or the at least one energy storage device. The sensorsare communicatively coupled to the controllerand may be coupled to one or more components of the UPS, such as the input, the AC/DC converter, the one or more DC busses, the DC/DC converter, the backup interface, the DC/AC inverter, the first bypass line, the first relay, the second output, the first output connectorA, and/or the second output connectorB.

The inputis configured to be coupled to an AC mains power source and to receive input AC power having an input voltage level and an input frequency. The UPSis configured to operate in different modes of operation based on the input voltage and/or frequency of the AC power provided to the input. The controllermay determine a mode of operation in which to operate the UPSbased on whether an input parameter, such as the input voltage of the AC power or an input frequency of the input power is acceptable. The controllermay include or be coupled to one or more sensors, such as the sensors, configured to sense parameters of the input voltage. For example, the sensorsmay include one or more voltage and/or current sensors coupled to the inputand being configured to sense information indicative of a voltage or frequency at the inputand provide the sensed information to the controller. In another example, the sensorsmay include one or more voltage and/or current sensors coupled to the DC/AC inverterand being configured to sense information indicative of an output voltage at the DC/AC inverterand provide the sensed information to the controller.

When AC power provided to the inputis acceptable (for example, by having input parameters, such as an input voltage value, that meet specified values, such as by falling within a range of acceptable input voltage values), the controllercontrols components of the UPSto operate in a normal, e.g., online, mode of operation. In the online mode of operation, AC power received at the inputis provided to the AC/DC converter. The AC/DC converterconverts the AC power into DC power and provides the DC power to the one or more DC busses. The one or more DC bussesdistribute the DC power to the DC/DC converterand to the DC/AC inverter. The DC/DC converterconverts the received DC power and provides the converted DC power to the backup interface. The backup interfacereceives the converted DC power and provides the converted DC power to the at least one source of backup powerto charge the at least one source of backup power. The DC/AC inverterreceives DC power from the one or more DC busses, converts the DC power into regulated AC power, and provides the regulated AC power to the first outputto which a load can be connected thereto at first output connectorA.

As further illustrated in, first bypass linedirectly connects the inputto the first relay. The first relayis connected to second output, to which non-critical loads (not illustrated) can be connected to UPSvia second output connectorB. The first relaycan also direct power from the DC/AC inverterthrough the first outputand first output connectorB when necessary, as the first relayincludes a direct connection to the DC/AC inverter. The controllermonitors (e.g., via sensors) the line voltage at inputor the input frequency of the power at inputand controls the operation of the first relaybased on the sensed line voltage or input frequency of the input power at the input. In at least one embodiment, when the mains voltage at the inputis within a first range set by V1and V1, the first relayis operated by the controllersuch that second outputB, i.e., non-critical loads, is energized directly from the inputthrough first bypass line. The first range set by V1and V1, is generally between 210-240 V but will be dependent on the power delivery standard of the locale the UPSis located in.

When the power from the inputfalls outside of the normal operational range set by V1and V1, e.g., within the second range set by V2between 160 V-210 V and V2between 240 V-275 V for a nominal input voltage of 210-240 V, the first relaycan be operated by the controllersuch that second output connectorB, i.e., non-critical loads, also receives regulated AC power from the DC/AC inverterthrough the first output. The first output connectorA is energized in standard double conversion, i.e., online, mode where power is delivered from the DC/AC inverterthrough first output. As such, the critical loads connected to the first output connectorA will not be subject to the potential instability of the direct connection between the inputand first output connectorA but greater power delivery efficiencies can be realized for the non-critical loads attached to second output connectorB.

illustrates an alternate power delivery condition using the first relayand a second relayoperatively connected between the first outputand the first output connectorA. As illustrated in, the second relayselectively couples the first output connectorA to either a second bypass line, terminating in a third output, or the first output. The first bypass lineand the associated power transmission components, i.e., second outputand first relay, remain unchanged. As disclosed herein, the operational voltage range for standard double conversion, i.e., online, mode is generally, for a 210-240 V AC mains power at input, a V2between 160 V-210 V and V2between 240 V-275 V. With the embodiment illustrated in, either or both of first relayand second relaycan be independently operated by controller. For example, the second relaycan be operated by controllerto remain in a position that provides for a direct connection between power conversion circuitryand the first output connectorA, i.e., the configuration illustrated inwhere the first output connectorA operates in double conversion mode at all times within the V1and V1window of 210-240 V. In this configuration, first bypass linedirectly connects the inputto the first relay. The first relayis connected to second output, to which non-critical loads (not illustrated) can be connected to UPSvia second output connectorB and receive unregulated AC power from the input.

With continued reference to, the dual relay configuration permits both relays to be energized from the same power delivery component in UPS. When the mains voltage at the inputis outside of the first range set by V1and V1but is within the second range defined by V2and V2, both of the first output connectorA and the second output connectorB are operated in standard double conversion, i.e., online, mode. In this situation, the first relayis actuated by the controllerto connect the second output connectorB to the DC/AC inverterwithout passing through the first bypass line. Thus, all loads, e.g., critical and non-critical, are energized by the UPSin standard double conversion, i.e., online, mode without making use of either first bypass lineor second bypass line.

When AC power provided to the inputfrom the AC mains power source is not acceptable, e.g., when the AC mains power source has an interruption or deficiency in power delivery, UPSmay operate in a backup mode of operation in response to the input parameter being outside of the second range. When the power from the inputfalls outside of the normal operational range set by V1and V1, e.g., no power being delivered from input, the delivered power is less than V2having a range between 160 V-210 V, or the delivered power is higher than V2having a range between 240 V-275 V, the controllercontrols components of the UPSto operate in the backup mode of operation. In the backup mode of operation, DC power is discharged from the at least one source of backup powerto the backup interface, and the backup interfaceprovides the discharged DC power to the DC/DC converter. The DC/DC converterconverts the received DC power and distributes the regulated DC power amongst the one or more DC busses. For example, the DC/DC convertermay evenly distribute the regulated DC power amongst the one or more DC busses. The one or more DC bussesprovide the regulated DC power to the DC/AC inverter. The DC/AC inverterreceives the DC power from the one or more DC busses, converts the DC power into regulated AC power, and provides the regulated AC power to the first outputA and the second outputB. In the backup mode, the controllerfurther operates the first relayto couple the second output connectorB to the first outputsuch that the regulated AC power derived from the at least one source of backup poweris used to power loads attached to the second output connectorB.

According to at least one embodiment, when UPSis configured as a line interactive UPS system, if the frequency of the input power is outside of the acceptable range, e.g., as disclosed herein, even if the input voltage is within the acceptable range as disclosed herein, UPSwill switch over to the backup mode of operation and draw power from the at least one source of backup power.

In a further mode of operation, termed startup mode and illustrated in, the second relaycan be actuated by controllerto connect the inputdirectly to the first output connectorA by transmission through the second bypass lineto third output, i.e., the second relayis actuated to couple the first output connectorA (via third output) to the second bypass line. Also in startup mode, the inputis connected to the second outputand second output connectorB. In this configuration, neither first output connectorA or second output connectorB is connected to the double conversion output, i.e., DC/AC inverter. Startup mode is typically used when the power requirements for the connected loads at first output connectorA exceed the power that can be instantaneously or momentarily delivered by the double conversion output, i.e., DC/AC inverter. Once sufficient power has been delivered from the AC mains from inputto connected loads at first output connectorA, the second relayis actuated to couple the first output connectorA to the first output, i.e., subsequent to the input power being provided to the first output connectorA via the second bypass linefor a period of time, the second relayis operated to couple the first output connectorA to the first output.

In some embodiments, the controllerwill operate the first relayto couple the second output connectorB to the first bypass linein response to the input parameter being within a first range of about ±30V range about a magnitude of a nominal input voltage, inclusive. For example, the first range may be 0V to −30V about the magnitude of the nominal input voltage, e.g., 0V, −1V, −2V, −3V, −4V, −5V, −6V, −7V, −8V, −9V, −10V, −11V, −12V, −13V, −14V, −15V, −16V, −17V, −18V, −19V, −20V, −21V, −22V, −23V, −24V, −25V, −26V, −27V, −28V, −29V, or −30V. In some embodiments, the first range may be 0V to +30V about the magnitude of the nominal input voltage, e.g., 0V, +1V, +2V, +3V, +4V, +5V, +6V, +7V, +8V, +9V, +10V, +11V, +12V, +13V, +14V, +15V, +16V, +17V, +18V, +19V, +20V, +21V, +22V, +23V, +24V, +25V, +26V, +27V, +28V, +29V, or +30V.

In some embodiments, the controllerwill operate the first relayto couple the second output connectorB to the first bypass linein response to the input parameter being within a first range of about ±3 Hz range about a magnitude of a nominal frequency, inclusive. In general, the nominal frequency for electrical power distribution is between about 50 Hz to about 60 Hz, and will depend on the locale the UPSwill be operating in. For example, the first range may be 0 Hz to −3 Hz about the magnitude of the nominal frequency, e.g., 0 Hz, −0.25 Hz, −0.5 Hz, −0.75 Hz, −1 Hz, −1.25 Hz, −1.5 Hz, −1.75 Hz, −2 Hz, −2.25 Hz, −2.5 Hz, −2.75 Hz, or −3 Hz. In some embodiments, the first range may be 0 Hz to +3 Hz about the magnitude of the nominal frequency, e.g., 0 Hz, +0.25 Hz, +0.5 Hz, +0.75 Hz, +1 Hz, +1.25 Hz, +1.5 Hz, +1.75 Hz, +2 Hz, +2.25 Hz, +2.5 Hz, +2.75 Hz, or +3 Hz.

In some examples, the sensorsmay include one or more sensors coupled to one or more of the foregoing components such that a voltage and/or current of one or more of the foregoing components may be determined by the controller. The controllermay store information in, and/or retrieve information from, the memory and/or storage. For example, the controllermay store information indicative of sensed parameters (for example, input-voltage values of the AC power received at the input) in the memory and/or storage. The controllermay further receive information from, or provide information to, the communication interfaces. The communication interfacesmay include one or more communication interfaces including, for example, user interfaces (such as display screens, touch-sensitive screens, keyboards, mice, track pads, dials, buttons, switches, sliders, light-emitting components such as light-emitting diodes, sound-emitting components such as speakers, buzzers, and so forth configured to output sound inside and/or outside of a frequency range audible to humans, and so forth), wired communication interfaces (such as wired ports), wireless communication interfaces (such as antennas), and so forth, configured to exchange information with one or more systems, such as the external systems, or other entities, such as human beings. The external systemsmay include any device, component, module, and so forth, that is external to the UPS, such as a server, database, laptop computer, desktop computer, tablet computer, smartphone, central controller or data-aggregation system, other UPSs, and so forth.

In accordance with an aspect, there is provided a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing thereon instructions for operating an uninterruptable power supply. The uninterruptable power supply may include an input coupled to a power source, power conversion circuitry coupled to the input, a first output coupled to the power conversion circuitry, a second output, a first bypass line coupled between the input and the second output; a first output connector coupled to a first load, and a second output connector coupled to a second load. The instructions may instruct at least one processor to control the UPS to monitor an input parameter of input power received by the input. The instructions may instruct at least one processor to control the UPS operate the power conversion circuitry to convert the input power into regulated output power. The instructions further may instruct at least one processor to control the UPS to provide the regulated output power to the first output connector via the first output. The instructions may instruct at least one processor to control the UPS to operate a first relay to couple the second output connector to the first bypass line in response to the input parameter being within a first range such that the input power is provided to the second output connector. The instructions additionally may instruct at least one processor to control the UPS to operate the first relay to couple the second output connector to the first output in response to the input parameter being outside of the first range, such that the regulated output power is provided to the second output connector.

In some embodiments, the input parameter may be at least one of an input voltage of the input power or an input frequency of the input power. In further embodiments, the instructions may instruct the at least one processor to control the UPS to operate the first relay to couple the second output connector to the first bypass line in response to the input voltage of the input power being within a ±30 V range about a magnitude of a nominal input voltage. In further embodiments, the instructions may instruct the at least one processor to control the UPS to operate the first relay to couple the second output connector to the first bypass line in response to the input frequency of the input power being within a ±3 Hz range about a magnitude of a nominal input frequency of the input power.

In some embodiments, the UPS further may include a third output and a second bypass line coupled between the input and the third output. In this configuration, the instructions further may instruct the at least one processor to control the UPS, in a startup mode of operation, to operate a second relay to couple the first output connector to the second bypass line such that the input power is provided to the first output connector. In further embodiments, the instructions may instruct the at least one processor to control the UPS, subsequent to the input power being provided to the first output via the second bypass line for a period of time, to operate the second relay to couple the first output connector to the first output.

In some embodiments, the UPS further may include a backup interface configured to be coupled to a backup power source and to receive backup power from the backup power source. In this configuration, the instructions further may instruct the at least one processor to control the UPS to operate in a backup mode of operation in response to the input parameter being outside of a second range. In some embodiments, the instructions further may instruct the at least one processor to control the UPS to operate, in the backup mode of operation, the power conversion circuitry to convert the backup power into the regulated output power. In some embodiments, the instructions further may instruct the at least one processor to control the UPS to operate, in the backup mode of operation, the first relay to couple the second output connector to the first output.

In accordance with an aspect, there is provided a method of operating an uninterruptable power supply. The uninterruptable power supply may include an input coupled to a power source, power conversion circuitry coupled to the input, a first output coupled to the power conversion circuitry, a second output, a first bypass line coupled between the input and the second output, a first output connector coupled to a first load, and a second output connector coupled to a second load. The method may include monitoring an input parameter of input power received by the input. The method may include operating the power conversion circuitry to convert the input power into regulated output power. The method further may include providing the regulated output power to the first output connector via the first output. The method further may include operating a first relay to couple the second output connector to the first bypass line in response to the input parameter being within a first range such that the input power is provided to the second output connector. The method additionally may include operating the first relay to couple the second output connector to the first output in response to the input parameter being outside of the first range such that the regulated output power is provided to the second output connector.