Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. Based on a multi-wakeup signal configuration configured by a network node, a user equipment (UE) may monitor for a first wakeup signal in a first wakeup signal occasion indicating whether to monitor an upcoming on duration of a discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle. Depending on whether the UE detects the first wakeup signal, the UE may monitor for a second wakeup signal in a second wakeup signal occasion indicating a start time of the on duration, or skip monitoring of the on duration. The UE may use different receivers to receive wakeup signals and downlink channels from the network node. The UE may receive a wakeup signal by a first receiver and activate a second receiver to receive a downlink channel, where the UE may store signal samples of the downlink channel in a buffer until the second receiver is fully activated.
Legal claims defining the scope of protection, as filed with the USPTO.
. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
. The apparatus of, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
. The apparatus of, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
. The apparatus of, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
. The apparatus of, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
. The apparatus of, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
. The apparatus of, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
. The apparatus of, wherein:
. The apparatus of, wherein one or more sequences are associated with the first wakeup signal, the second wakeup signal, or both.
. The apparatus of, wherein one or more signaling types are associated with the first wakeup signal, the second wakeup signal, or both.
. The apparatus of, wherein one or more resource allocations are associated with the first wakeup signal, the second wakeup signal, or both.
. The apparatus of, wherein one or more modulations are associated with the first wakeup signal, the second wakeup signal, or both.
. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
. The apparatus of, wherein the instructions to transmit the control message are executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
. The apparatus of, wherein the instructions to transmit the control message are executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
. The apparatus of, wherein the second time offset corresponds to a smallest reference bandwidth of the respective reference bandwidths that is larger than an active bandwidth of the downlink channel.
. The apparatus of, wherein the instructions to transmit the control message are executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
. The apparatus of, wherein:
. An apparatus for wireless communication at a network node, comprising:
. The apparatus of, wherein the instructions to transmit the second wakeup signal are executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
. The apparatus of, wherein the instructions to transmit the second wakeup signal are executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
. The apparatus of, wherein the start time of the upcoming on duration of the discontinuous reception cycle is indicated in the second wakeup signal.
. The apparatus of, wherein the start time of the upcoming on duration of the discontinuous reception cycle corresponds to a time offset with respect to the at least one second wakeup signal occasion.
. The apparatus of, wherein:
. The apparatus of, wherein one or more sequences are associated with the first wakeup signal, the second wakeup signal, or both.
. The apparatus of, wherein one or more signaling types are associated with the first wakeup signal, the second wakeup signal, or both.
. The apparatus of, wherein one or more resource allocations are associated with the first wakeup signal, the second wakeup signal, or both.
. The apparatus of, wherein one or more modulations are associated with the first wakeup signal, the second wakeup signal, or both.
. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
. The method of, further comprising:
Complete technical specification and implementation details from the patent document.
The present Application is a 371 national stage filing of International PCT Application No. PCT/CN2022/109280 by XU et al. entitled “ADAPTIVE JITTER INDICATION VIA A WAKEUP SIGNAL,” filed Jul. 30, 2022, which is assigned to the assignee hereof, and which is expressly incorporated by reference in its entirety herein.
The following relates to wireless communications, including adaptive jitter indication via a wakeup signal.
Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple-access communications system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication for communication devices, which may be known as user equipment (UE).
In some wireless communications systems, a UE may receive data that may be subject to random jitter, for example, based on variable data packet sizes. In some cases, however, a network node may transmit mixed traffic to the UE, where some data of the mixed traffic may be subject to jitter more than other data. As such, the UE may continuously monitor for jitter in data regardless of when it is actually being transmitted, thus increasing power consumption.
The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses that support adaptive jitter indication via a wakeup signal. For example, the described techniques provide for a user equipment (UE) to receive wakeup signals from a network node indicating transmissions that may be subject to jitter. In some examples, the network node may configure a multi-wakeup signal configuration indicating a wakeup signal window that includes a first wakeup signal occasion and one or more second wakeup signal occasions. The UE may monitor for a first wakeup signal in the first wakeup signal occasion, and based on whether the UE detects the first wakeup signal, the UE may skip an on duration of a discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle or continue to monitor for a second wakeup signal in one of the second wakeup signal occasions. If the UE monitors for the second wakeup signal, and if data is scheduled to be transmitted to the UE within the on duration of the DRX cycle, the UE may begin monitoring the on duration of the DRX cycle at a start time indicated in the second wakeup signal or a start time that is offset from the second wakeup signal occasion in which the UE detects the second wakeup signal.
In some examples, there may be a time offset between a wakeup signal occasion in which the UE detects a wakeup signal, the wakeup signal indicating that the UE is to receive a downlink channel at some time. To increase power efficiency of wakeup signal detection, the UE may use a first receiver (e.g., a low-power wakeup receiver) for detecting wakeup signals that indicate whether there is data scheduled to be transmitted to the UE during the on duration of the DRX cycle. For example, the UE may use a first receiver to receive a first wakeup signal in the first wakeup signal occasion, the first wakeup signal indicating to activate a second receiver of the UE for detecting data based on the data being scheduled. The UE may store samples of the downlink channel received between a time based on the time offset and a wakeup time of the second receiver, and using the second receiver, the UE may receive the remainder of the downlink channel accordingly.
A method for wireless communication at a UE is described. The method may include receiving control signaling indicating a multi-wakeup signal configuration, the multi-wakeup signal configuration indicating a wakeup signal window, indicating a first wakeup signal occasion within the wakeup signal window that indicates whether to monitor an upcoming on duration of a DRX cycle, and indicating to monitor at least one second wakeup signal occasion within the wakeup signal window when a first wakeup signal is detected in the first wakeup signal occasion, the at least one second wakeup signal occasion indicating a start time of the upcoming on duration of the DRX cycle, monitoring for the first wakeup signal in the first wakeup signal occasion based on the multi-wakeup signal configuration, and monitoring for a second wakeup signal in the at least one second wakeup signal occasion, or skipping monitoring of the upcoming on duration of the DRX cycle, based on monitoring for the first wakeup signal in the first wakeup signal occasion.
An apparatus for wireless communication at a UE is described. The apparatus may include a processor, memory coupled with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to receive control signaling indicating a multi-wakeup signal configuration, the multi-wakeup signal configuration indicating a wakeup signal window, indicating a first wakeup signal occasion within the wakeup signal window that indicates whether to monitor an upcoming on duration of a DRX cycle, and indicating to monitor at least one second wakeup signal occasion within the wakeup signal window when a first wakeup signal is detected in the first wakeup signal occasion, the at least one second wakeup signal occasion indicating a start time of the upcoming on duration of the DRX cycle, monitor for the first wakeup signal in the first wakeup signal occasion based on the multi-wakeup signal configuration, and monitor for a second wakeup signal in the at least one second wakeup signal occasion, or skipping monitoring of the upcoming on duration of the DRX cycle, based on monitoring for the first wakeup signal in the first wakeup signal occasion.
Another apparatus for wireless communication at a UE is described. The apparatus may include means for receiving control signaling indicating a multi-wakeup signal configuration, the multi-wakeup signal configuration indicating a wakeup signal window, indicating a first wakeup signal occasion within the wakeup signal window that indicates whether to monitor an upcoming on duration of a DRX cycle, and indicating to monitor at least one second wakeup signal occasion within the wakeup signal window when a first wakeup signal is detected in the first wakeup signal occasion, the at least one second wakeup signal occasion indicating a start time of the upcoming on duration of the DRX cycle, means for monitoring for the first wakeup signal in the first wakeup signal occasion based on the multi-wakeup signal configuration, and means for monitoring for a second wakeup signal in the at least one second wakeup signal occasion, or skipping monitoring of the upcoming on duration of the DRX cycle, based on monitoring for the first wakeup signal in the first wakeup signal occasion.
A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a UE is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to receive control signaling indicating a multi-wakeup signal configuration, the multi-wakeup signal configuration indicating a wakeup signal window, indicating a first wakeup signal occasion within the wakeup signal window that indicates whether to monitor an upcoming on duration of a DRX cycle, and indicating to monitor at least one second wakeup signal occasion within the wakeup signal window when a first wakeup signal is detected in the first wakeup signal occasion, the at least one second wakeup signal occasion indicating a start time of the upcoming on duration of the DRX cycle, monitor for the first wakeup signal in the first wakeup signal occasion based on the multi-wakeup signal configuration, and monitor for a second wakeup signal in the at least one second wakeup signal occasion, or skipping monitoring of the upcoming on duration of the DRX cycle, based on monitoring for the first wakeup signal in the first wakeup signal occasion.
Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for skipping the monitoring of the upcoming on duration of the DRX cycle based on determining that the first wakeup signal was not detected in the first wakeup signal occasion.
Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for monitoring for the second wakeup signal in the at least one second wakeup signal occasion based on detecting the first wakeup signal in the first wakeup signal occasion.
Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving the second wakeup signal in the at least one second wakeup signal occasion, the second wakeup signal indicating that data may be scheduled to be transmitted to the UE within the upcoming on duration of the DRX cycle.
Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for skipping the monitoring for the second wakeup signal in one or more remaining second wakeup signal occasions in the wakeup signal window based on detecting the second wakeup signal in the at least one second wakeup signal occasion.
Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for monitoring the upcoming on duration of the DRX cycle based on the start time of the upcoming on duration of the DRX cycle indicated in the second wakeup signal.
Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for monitoring the upcoming on duration of the DRX cycle at the start time of the upcoming on duration of the DRX cycle corresponding to a time offset with respect to the at least one second wakeup signal occasion in which the UE detects the second wakeup signal.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first wakeup signal occasion and the at least one second wakeup signal occasion at least partially overlap in time, in frequency, or both.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, one or more sequences may be associated with the first wakeup signal, the second wakeup signal, or both.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, one or more signaling types may be associated with the first wakeup signal, the second wakeup signal, or both.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, one or more resource allocations may be associated with the first wakeup signal, the second wakeup signal, or both.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, one or more modulations may be associated with the first wakeup signal, the second wakeup signal, or both.
A method for wireless communication at a UE is described. The method may include transmitting a control message indicating a first time offset between a wakeup signal occasion and a downlink channel, receiving, by a first receiver of the UE, a first wakeup signal in a first wakeup signal occasion that indicates to activate a second receiver of the UE, storing signal samples of the downlink channel that are to be processed by the second receiver, where a first portion of the downlink channel occurs between a first time that is offset in time relative to the first wakeup signal occasion and a wakeup time of the second receiver, and receiving, by the second receiver and after the wakeup time, a remainder of the downlink channel.
An apparatus for wireless communication at a UE is described. The apparatus may include a processor, memory coupled with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to transmit a control message indicating a first time offset between a wakeup signal occasion and a downlink channel, receive, by a first receiver of the UE, a first wakeup signal in a first wakeup signal occasion that indicates to activate a second receiver of the UE, store signal samples of the downlink channel that are to be processed by the second receiver, where a first portion of the downlink channel occurs between a first time that is offset in time relative to the first wakeup signal occasion and a wakeup time of the second receiver, and receive, by the second receiver and after the wakeup time, a remainder of the downlink channel.
Another apparatus for wireless communication at a UE is described. The apparatus may include means for transmitting a control message indicating a first time offset between a wakeup signal occasion and a downlink channel, means for receiving, by a first receiver of the UE, a first wakeup signal in a first wakeup signal occasion that indicates to activate a second receiver of the UE, means for storing signal samples of the downlink channel that are to be processed by the second receiver, where a first portion of the downlink channel occurs between a first time that is offset in time relative to the first wakeup signal occasion and a wakeup time of the second receiver, and means for receiving, by the second receiver and after the wakeup time, a remainder of the downlink channel.
A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a UE is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to transmit a control message indicating a first time offset between a wakeup signal occasion and a downlink channel, receive, by a first receiver of the UE, a first wakeup signal in a first wakeup signal occasion that indicates to activate a second receiver of the UE, store signal samples of the downlink channel that are to be processed by the second receiver, where a first portion of the downlink channel occurs between a first time that is offset in time relative to the first wakeup signal occasion and a wakeup time of the second receiver, and receive, by the second receiver and after the wakeup time, a remainder of the downlink channel.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the control message may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting the control message indicating the first time offset that may be a reference time offset associated with a reference bandwidth, where the first portion of the downlink channel occurs between the first time that may be offset in time by a second time offset relative to the first wakeup signal occasion and the wakeup time of the second receiver, the second time offset based on an active bandwidth of the downlink channel, the reference time offset, and the reference bandwidth.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the control message may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting the control message indicating a set of multiple time offsets associated with respective reference bandwidths, the set of multiple time offsets including the first time offset, where the first portion of the downlink channel occurs between the first time that may be offset in time by a second time offset relative to the first wakeup signal occasion and the wakeup time of the second receiver, where the second time offset corresponds to one of the set of multiple time offsets.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the second time offset corresponds to a smallest reference bandwidth of the respective reference bandwidths that may be larger than an active bandwidth of the downlink channel.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the control message may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting the control message indicating the time offset that corresponds to an active bandwidth of the downlink channel.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the control message includes UE capability signaling or UE assistance information (UAI).
A method for wireless communication at a network node is described. The method may include transmitting control signaling indicating a multi-wakeup signal configuration, the multi-wakeup signal configuration indicating a wakeup signal window, indicating a first wakeup signal occasion within the wakeup signal window that indicates whether to monitor an upcoming on duration of a DRX cycle, and indicating to monitor at least one second wakeup signal occasion within the wakeup signal window when a first wakeup signal is detected in the first wakeup signal occasion, the at least one second wakeup signal occasion indicating a start time of the upcoming on duration of the DRX cycle, transmitting the first wakeup signal in the first wakeup signal occasion based on the multi-wakeup signal configuration, and transmitting a second wakeup signal in the at least one second wakeup signal occasion based on the multi-wakeup signal configuration.
An apparatus for wireless communication at a network node is described. The apparatus may include a processor, memory coupled with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to transmit control signaling indicating a multi-wakeup signal configuration, the multi-wakeup signal configuration indicating a wakeup signal window, indicating a first wakeup signal occasion within the wakeup signal window that indicates whether to monitor an upcoming on duration of a DRX cycle, and indicating to monitor at least one second wakeup signal occasion within the wakeup signal window when a first wakeup signal is detected in the first wakeup signal occasion, the at least one second wakeup signal occasion indicating a start time of the upcoming on duration of the DRX cycle, transmit the first wakeup signal in the first wakeup signal occasion based on the multi-wakeup signal configuration, and transmit a second wakeup signal in the at least one second wakeup signal occasion based on the multi-wakeup signal configuration.
Another apparatus for wireless communication at a network node is described. The apparatus may include means for transmitting control signaling indicating a multi-wakeup signal configuration, the multi-wakeup signal configuration indicating a wakeup signal window, indicating a first wakeup signal occasion within the wakeup signal window that indicates whether to monitor an upcoming on duration of a DRX cycle, and indicating to monitor at least one second wakeup signal occasion within the wakeup signal window when a first wakeup signal is detected in the first wakeup signal occasion, the at least one second wakeup signal occasion indicating a start time of the upcoming on duration of the DRX cycle, means for transmitting the first wakeup signal in the first wakeup signal occasion based on the multi-wakeup signal configuration, and means for transmitting a second wakeup signal in the at least one second wakeup signal occasion based on the multi-wakeup signal configuration.
A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a network node is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to transmit control signaling indicating a multi-wakeup signal configuration, the multi-wakeup signal configuration indicating a wakeup signal window, indicating a first wakeup signal occasion within the wakeup signal window that indicates whether to monitor an upcoming on duration of a DRX cycle, and indicating to monitor at least one second wakeup signal occasion within the wakeup signal window when a first wakeup signal is detected in the first wakeup signal occasion, the at least one second wakeup signal occasion indicating a start time of the upcoming on duration of the DRX cycle, transmit the first wakeup signal in the first wakeup signal occasion based on the multi-wakeup signal configuration, and transmit a second wakeup signal in the at least one second wakeup signal occasion based on the multi-wakeup signal configuration.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the second wakeup signal may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting the second wakeup signal in the at least one second wakeup signal occasion based on transmitting the first wakeup signal in the first wakeup signal occasion.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the second wakeup signal may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting the second wakeup signal in the at least one second wakeup signal occasion, the second wakeup signal indicating that data that may be scheduled to be transmitted to a UE within the upcoming on duration of the DRX cycle.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the start time of the upcoming on duration of the DRX cycle may be indicated in the second wakeup signal.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the start time of the upcoming on duration of the DRX cycle corresponds to a time offset with respect to the at least one second wakeup signal occasion.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first wakeup signal occasion and the at least one second wakeup signal occasion at least partially overlap in time, in frequency, or both.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, one or more sequences may be associated with the first wakeup signal, the second wakeup signal, or both.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, one or more signaling types may be associated with the first wakeup signal, the second wakeup signal, or both.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, one or more resource allocations may be associated with the first wakeup signal, the second wakeup signal, or both.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, one or more modulations may be associated with the first wakeup signal, the second wakeup signal, or both.
Some wireless communications between a user equipment (UE) and a network node may include jitter. For example, the UE and the network node may communicate extended reality (XR) video frame data (e.g., virtual reality (VR) data, augmented reality (AR) data, mixed reality (MR) data, and other types of data which may be associated with high reliability and low latency transmissions). In some examples, arrival times of the XR video frame data at a wireless device may be subject to random jitter, for example, based on variable sizes of XR video frames. However, behavior of the UE may change if the network node transmits mixed traffic that includes XR video frame data and other traffic. For example, in a given connected mode discontinuous reception (CDRX) cycle, the UE may receive some traffic with or without XR video frame data, where the XR video frame data may be subject to more jitter than other types of traffic.
In some examples, the network node may transmit one or more wakeup signals to the UE indicating whether there may be data for the UE to receive in an on duration of a DRX cycle that is associated with jitter. The UE may monitor for the wakeup signals in a wakeup signal monitoring window that covers at least a portion of a jitter range (e.g., a portion of the DRX cycle in which the network node may transmit data subject to jitter). However, a wakeup signal monitoring window that covers an entire jitter range may result in increased power consumption at the UE as the UE is continuously monitoring for data, and a wakeup signal monitoring window that covers a portion of the jitter range may result in delays to reception of the data at the UE as the data may arrive outside of the wakeup signal monitoring window.
The techniques described herein support adaptive jitter indication using wakeup signals, where a UE may receive wakeup signals from a network node indicating transmissions (e.g., XR video traffic) that may be subject to jitter. In some examples, the network node may configure a multi-wakeup signal configuration indicating a wakeup signal window that includes a first wakeup signal occasion and one or more second wakeup signal occasions. In some examples, the network node may transmit wakeup signals in the first wakeup signal occasion, one or more of the second wakeup signal occasions, or a combination thereof based on different parameters associated with the wakeup signals (e.g., sequences, signaling types, resource allocations, modulations, and the like). The UE may monitor for a first wakeup signal in the first wakeup signal occasion, and based on whether the UE detects the first wakeup signal, the UE may skip an on duration of a DRX cycle or continue to monitor for a second wakeup signal in one of the second wakeup signal occasions. If the UE monitors for the second wakeup signal, and if data is scheduled to be transmitted to the UE within the on duration of the DRX cycle, the UE may begin monitoring the on duration of the DRX cycle at a start time indicated in the second wakeup signal or a start time that is offset from the second wakeup signal occasion in which the UE detects the second wakeup signal.
In some examples, there may be a time offset between a wakeup signal occasion in which the UE detects a wakeup signal, the wakeup signal indicating that the UE is to receive a downlink channel at some time. To increase power efficiency of wakeup signal detection, the UE may use a first receiver (e.g., a low-power wakeup receiver) for detecting wakeup signals that indicate whether there is data scheduled to be transmitted to the UE during the on duration of the DRX cycle. For example, the UE may use a first receiver to receive a first wakeup signal in the first wakeup signal occasion, the first wakeup signal indicating to activate a second receiver of the UE for detecting data based on the data being scheduled. The UE may store samples of the downlink channel received between a time based on the time offset and a wakeup time of the second receiver, and using the second receiver, the UE may receive the remainder of the downlink channel accordingly.
Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communications systems. Aspects of the disclosure are then described in the context of transmission schemes and process flows. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to adaptive jitter indication via a wakeup signal.
illustrates an example of a wireless communications systemthat supports adaptive jitter indication via a wakeup signal in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications systemmay include one or more network entities, one or more UEs, and a core network. In some examples, the wireless communications systemmay be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating in accordance with other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
The network entitiesmay be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communications systemand may include devices in different forms or having different capabilities. In various examples, a network entitymay be referred to as a network element, a mobility element, a radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, among other nomenclature. In some examples, network entitiesand UEsmay wirelessly communicate via one or more communication links(e.g., a radio frequency (RF) access link). For example, a network entitymay support a coverage area(e.g., a geographic coverage area) over which the UEsand the network entitymay establish one or more communication links. The coverage areamay be an example of a geographic area over which a network entityand a UEmay support the communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs).
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November 27, 2025
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