Housing Unit System and Method of Manufacture

This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/655,314, filed on Jun. 3, 2024, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety for all purposes. Priority is claimed pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 119.

The field of the invention generally relates to structures with suspended parts supported by masts or tower-like structures, whether individual or arranged together into a community.

In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a housing unit includes a central mast configured to be coupled to a portion of terrain, an upper ring, a lower ring, one or more wall panels, wherein the upper ring, the lower ring, and the one or more wall panels define a living space outer boundary, a plurality of first tensile members each configured to couple the upper ring to the central mast at a first central mast region, wherein the upper ring is configured to be suspended by the plurality of first tensile members below the first central mast region, and a plurality of second tensile members each configured to couple a periphery of the lower ring to a periphery of the upper ring, wherein the lower ring is configured to be suspended by the plurality of second tensile members below the upper ring and above the portion of terrain, wherein the upper ring and the lower ring are coupled to the portion of terrain only at the central mast.

In another embodiment of the present disclosure, a housing unit includes a central mast configured to be coupled to a portion of terrain, an upper ring, a lower ring, one or more wall panels, wherein the upper ring, the lower ring, and the one or more wall panels define a living space outer boundary, a plurality of first tensile members each configured to couple the upper ring to the central mast at a first central mast region, wherein the upper ring is configured to be suspended by the plurality of first tensile members below the first central mast region, and a plurality of second tensile members each configured to couple a periphery of the lower ring to a periphery of the upper ring, wherein the lower ring is configured to be suspended by the plurality of second tensile members below the upper ring and above the portion of terrain, wherein the only portion of the housing unit extending into the terrain is located at the central mast.

In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, a housing unit community includes a plurality of housing units each including a central mast configured to be coupled to a portion of terrain, a polygonal upper ring, a polygonal lower ring, one or more wall panels, wherein the upper ring, the lower ring, and the one or more wall panels define a living space outer boundary, a plurality of first tensile members each configured to couple the upper ring to the central mast at a first central mast region, wherein the upper ring is configured to be suspended by the plurality of first tensile members below the first central mast region, a plurality of second tensile members each configured to couple a periphery of the lower ring to a periphery of the upper ring, wherein the lower ring is configured to be suspended by the plurality of second tensile members below the upper ring and above the portion of terrain, wherein the upper ring and the lower ring are coupled to the portion of terrain only at the central mast, wherein each of the plurality of housing units includes a plurality of sides, and wherein one side of each of the plurality of housing units is adjacent and parallel to another side of another of the plurality of housing units.

The disclosure generally relates to modular housing for use as a single unit, or as part of an arranged community of individual units. Each single unit comprises at least partially suspended structure. The unit or community of units provide several features, including at least some of: sustainability, modularity, affordability, resiliency. A SMART™ Unit, or S.M.A.R.T.™ Unit, is a name or phrase for these units, built by initials of the following descriptive words, while not including any one or more of them: Sustainable, Modular, Affordable, Resilient, and Tensile.

The United States confronts a rise in the lack of unaffordable housing and, as a result, an increase in homelessness. This is also true for many other first-world and non-first-world countries. As of 2024, 777,000 individuals have been determined to be living on the streets of the U.S., according to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Despite substantial government spending on temporary solutions, such as emergency shelters and services, the issue persists. The spending can exceed $35,000 per homeless person per year in major cities, according to the National Alliance to End Homelessness. “The Gap: A Shortage of Affordable Homes,” a report published March 2023 by Aurand et al., conservatively estimated the shortage of rental homes affordable and available to extremely low-income households to be close to 7.8 million.

Homelessness in the United States is not solely the result of the lack of affordable housing but is also driven by a complex interplay of factors, including financial instability, unemployment, physical disabilities, mental health challenges, substance abuse, and systemic barriers to support services. The embodiments of modular housing for use as a single unit, or as part of an arranged community of individual units address a two-fold solution, addressing both the shortage of homes and the complex collection of economic and social issues. This includes, but is not limited to, providing scalable housing to meet the growing demand and enabling the creation of a rehabilitative environment designed to support the mental, physical, and social well-being of its inhabitants, thus helping them transition toward stability and self-sufficiency.

In a first embodiment, a (S.M.A.R.T.) housing unit comprises a hexagonal design based on six substantially rectangular wall panels, six triangular roof panels, and six triangular floor panels. In some embodiments, one or more of the panels can be replaced by an alternate panel having an opening, for a door, and/or for a window. In some embodiments, the six wall panels comprise five wall panels with a window and one wall panel with a door. In some embodiments, a floor panel includes an opening for a door, to couple to a stairway and/or ramp. In some embodiments, a roof panel includes an opening for a door, to couple to a walkway, a stairway and/or a ramp. The wall, roof, and floor panels are each secured to an upper hexagonal ring and/or a lower hexagonal ring by a series of tensile wires, or multi-filar cables. All of these components are connected to a central, vertically-extending mast. The hexagonal shape provides structural efficiency and modularity. Multiple hexagonal units can be interconnected without complication, while optimizing space and minimizing material use and material complexity. This geometric configuration evenly distributes stresses and supports the tensile construction.

Each of the components (wall panels, roof panels, floor panels) are prefabricated, and allow for quick assembly, thus enhancing the scalability and adaptability of different multi-unit set-ups. The hexagonal structure facilitates efficient clustering of units into communities with a generally circular or polygonal form. These forms enable the creation of shared courtyards that foster social engagement and stability among residents while enabling the efficient distribution of utilities and infrastructure.

illustrate a housing unitcomprising an upper hexagonal ring, a lower hexagonal ring, and a vertically-extending central mast. The upper hexagonal ringand the lower hexagonal ringare each suspended from the central mastby a series of first tensile cablesand a series of second tensile cables. In some embodiments, the upper hexagonal ringis connected via each of the first tensile cablesto a first portionof the central mast, and is configured to hang below the first portion. The lower hexagonal ringis connected via each of the second tensile cablesto the upper hexagonal ring, and is configured to hang below the upper hexagonal ring. In some embodiments, the series of tensile cablescomprises twelve cables. In some embodiments, the series of tensile cablescomprises twelve cables.

The upper hexagonal ringcomprises six straight horizontal beams-connected to each other at angles A of 120°. Turning to, each beamhas a length L of between about 7 feet and about 18 feet, or about 9 feet and about 15 feet, or about 12 feet. Each beam has an end bevel angle B of 30°. Thus. two adjacent ends, e.g., first endof a first beamand second endof a second beamform a 120° angle between the beams,, when a first end surfaceis flush or substantially adjacent to a second end surface. The lower hexagonal ringcomprises six straight horizontal beams-connected to each other at angles C of 120°. Each of the beamscan also follow the form and sizing of the beamshown in. The beams,comprise hollow extrusions of aluminum or steel, or can comprise I-beams. In some embodiments, the hollow extrusions can allow one or more of the beams-,-to serve as utility conduits (power, water, gas, sewage).illustrate an assembly process of either ring,.

Six roof panels-are assembled above the upper hexagonal ring. Each of the roof panelscomprises at least an external plate(e.g., outer sheet) having a general triangular shape, with a base side, first leg sideand second leg side. The two leg sides,have the same length. The roof panelfurther includes a cut-away sectioncomprising an arc concave facethat is configured to fit around a 60° circumferential portion of the central mast, in some embodiments, just above the first portion. In some embodiments, the end of the roof panelhaving the cut-away sectionis angled 25° to 65° above the horizontal, or about 45°, or about 30° above the horizontal. The roof panelfurther includes an inner sheet. As shown in, in order to provide a close fit in the structure of the housing unitwhen the roof panelis in its angled configuration, the inner sheethas a similar, but smaller, scaled size in relation to the external plate. Thus, sidesof each external plateare adjacent to or touching the sidesof each adjacent external plate. Furthermore, sidesof each inner sheetare adjacent to or touching sidesof each adjacent inner sheet. An annular caphaving an inner holeand an outer dimension, is secured over the central mast, and helps to hold or lock the apices of the roof panels-in place around the central mast. Below the annular cap(e.g. on the mast), or attached to the bottom of the annular cap, a circular light-emitting diode (LED) ring light can be connected. The LED is configured to provide overhead lighting within the living space.

One or more of the roof panels-can comprise a bracket, or containment portion, comprising a lower undercutor pocket, that is configured to hold an individual solar panel. The undercutsupports the solar paneland provides the required electrical connections and mechanical connections (snaps, friction fit, screw attachment, etc.). The wires, batteries, charge controller, inverter, and other electronics can be stored within an attic storage area (above the upper ringand below the roof panels). Access doors can be provided in one or more roof panelsto provide access to the attic area. The electronics of the solar panelscan further be connected through an opening provided in the central mast. The solar panel in some embodiments is a lateral (long) side of about one meter in length. The central mastcan comprise a central lumen or passageway, to allow any electrical wires and/or plumbing tubes to pass therethrough, to conceal them and direct them. For example, electrical wires for the solar panel, power, and lighting, can pass through an upper portion of the passageway, e.g., above the lower hexagonal ring. Sewage and wastewater can be conveyed, with the help of gravity, through a lower portion of the passageway, e.g., below the lower hexagonal ring. Fresh hot and cold water can be supplied through either the upper or lower portions of the passageway. In other embodiments, the central mastcomprises a solid post. The central mastis shown as a cylinder having a circular cross-section of a single diameter throughout its length. In other embodiments, the circular cross-section can vary, for example, flaring from a larger diameter below, to a smaller diameter above. In other embodiments, the central masthas a hexagonal cross-section shape, whether hollow, or solid.

Six wall panels-are assembled substantially between the upper hexagonal ringand the lower hexagonal ring. Each of the wall panelscomprises at least an external plate(e.g., outer sheet) having a general rectangular shape, with a lower side, upper side, left side, and right side. The wall panels-are configured to fit against at least a portion of a particular beamand at least a portion of a particular beam, below the beam. The wall panelfurther includes an inner sheet. As shown in, in order to provide a close fit internally and externally in the structure of the housing unit, the inner sheethas a similar, but smaller, horizontal width in relation to a horizontal width of the external plate. Thus, sidesof each external plateare adjacent to or touching the sidesof each adjacent external plate. Furthermore, sidesof each inner sheetare adjacent to or touching sidesof each adjacent inner sheet. One or more of the wall panels-can include an openingconfigured for placement of a window(). The roof panelsand wall panelscan be configured to have different external dimensions and internal dimensions. The external dimensions (width, height, etc.) can be a certain percent larger than the related internal dimensions, such that fit with the other components, such as the rings,, is tight or flush. Though the structure is not necessarily circular, the ratio π predicts the change in widths depending upon where the tangent line is located on the radius. The difference in the wall panel heights, external and internal, can vary based on a differential that is generally the same as the height (thickness) of each ring,.

Six floor panels(only one shown in) are assembled above the lower hexagonal ring. Each of the floor panelscomprises a general triangular shape, with a base side, first leg sideand second leg side. The floor panelfurther includes a cut-away sectioncomprising a 60° arc concave facethat is configured to fit around a 60° circumferential portion of the central mast. The electrical, water, and waste (conduits), can alternatively be passed through any one or more of the roof panels, wall panels, or floor panels. The floor panelscan be configured to have lateral flanges such that adjacent floor panelsare installable in an interlocking pattern with the long edges resting on the adjacent floor panel. Furthermore, flange-like structures, such as the recessed interiors,described in relation to, are configured for the floor panelsto rest thereon, as will be described in more detail below. A similar overlapping construction is also possible for the roof panels. Each of the floor panels can be configured to provide radiant heating.

The central mastof the housing unitcomprises a lower endthat is configured to be coupled to a portion of terrain(ground, soil, sand, dirt, grass, etc.), wherein the lower extremeof the lower hexagonal ringclears the portion of terrain, and does not contact any portion of the terrain. All of the housing unit, except for the central mastis thus suspended from the central mast. No direct attachment of the lower hexagonal ringto the portion of the terrainis required. A space, or elevation h, between the lower extremeof the lower hexagonal ringand the portion of the terrainis in some embodiments between about 0.75 foot (0.23 meter) and about 15 feet (4.57 meters), or between about one foot (0.30 meter) and about 3.3 feet (1.0 meter). This assumes that the lower extremeis the lowest portion of the housing unit(other than the portion of the central mastthat extends below it), In other embodiments, the can be additional attachments to the bottom of the lower hexagonal ring, with the clearance also adjusted to be between about 0.75 foot and about 15 feet, or between about one foot and 3.3 feet. The housing unitcan be constructed on terrain that has a grade of 10.5% or less (e.g., approximately a 6° slope or less). A common distance between the rings,can be about nine feet, or between about eight feet and about twelve feet. The distance between the upper ringand the top of the structure can be about eight feet, or between about five feet and about twelve feet. In some embodiments, a 27 foot tall central mastis utilized, with about nine feet intended for placement below ground level and about eighteen feet intended to extend above ground level.

By controlling the length of the central mastand/or the lower endof the central mastthat is placed below ground, the desired elevation h of the lower extremeof the lower hexagonal ringabove the portion of terrain. In some embodiments, the lower endof the central mastcomprises a helical pier, and is configured to be screwed into the soil until a desirable load capacity has been achieved. In some embodiments, the soil is dug with an auger or other tool, and a sono tube is used for controlling the amount and shape of poured cement, into which the lower endof the central mastis embedded, as the concrete solidifies. The lower endcan include one or more radial projections extending therefrom, which, when bonded within the hardened concrete, provides rotational resistance and stability. Thus, the central mastis statically coupled to the concrete. The lower endcan also comprise a textured cylindrical or other shaped surface, to also provide rotational resistance and stability. See also.

illustrates the rings,, tensile wires,, and central mastof an alternative embodiment frameworkfor a housing unit. Each of the rings,can comprise six beamsconnected into a hexagonal frame shape. Each of the rings,includes a recessed interior,, respectively, extending around the upper interior of the ring,. The recesses,provide a location for connectors,for the tensile wires,to be coupled, respectively. The recesses,also provide a substantial flat area for the overlay of outer edges of the roof panelsor the wall panels. In alternative embodiments, the tensile wiresand tensile wirescan together comprise a single wire that is connected to the upper portion of the mast, secured to the connectorsand inserted through apertures in the upper ring, and then secured to the connectors.

In the embodiments of, the tensile wires(cables) are configured to be internal and fully covered over by the roof panels. Thus, the tensile wiresare not visible in. In an alternative embodiment of, the tensile wiresare configured to be external to the roof panels. In still another embodiment, as shown in, the tensile wirescan be configured to extend between two different layers (e.g., inner and outer) of the roof panels, in a somewhat similar manner as that shown inin relation to wall portions. These multiple embodiments of wire location (internal, external, extending within) are also possible for the tensile wiresand the wall panels.

illustrates a cross-section of a roof panel. The roof panelcomprises a composite structure having layers,,,,. An exterior metallic layerprovides an exterior surfaceto the outdoor ambient environment. The metallic layercan comprise steel, or aluminum, or painted aluminum, or anodized aluminum. Adhered within the metallic layeris a layer of recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) film. Adjacent to this layer is a substantially thick layer of insulation, comprising an insulative material such as cellulose. An internal ceiling panel, having an interior surfacefacing the interiorenvironment of the living space of the housing unit, is secured to the insulationwith ceiling batten framing. In alternative embodiments one or more air gaps/vapor barriers, can be provided to add further insulation, for example on one or both sides of the insulation. The composite structure of the roof panelthus provides protection from sunlight and ultraviolet (UV) radiation, thermal insulation and temperature stabilization, protection from humidity and weather, protection from pests, and physical durability.

illustrates a cross-section of a floor panel. The floor panelcomprises a composite structure having layers,,,. An exterior metallic layerprovides an exterior surfaceto the outdoor ambient environment. The metallic layercan comprise steel, or aluminum, or painted aluminum, or anodized aluminum. Adhered within the metallic layeris a substantially thick layer of insulation, comprising an insulative material such as cellulose. An internal floor panel, having an interior surfacefacing the interiorenvironment of the living space of the housing unit, is secured to the insulationby a oriented strand board (OSB) subfloor. The internal floor panelcan comprise cork or corrugated paper. In alternative embodiments one or more air gaps can be provided to add further insulation, for example on one or both sides of the insulation. The composite structure of the floor panelthus provides protection from sunlight and ultraviolet (UV) radiation, thermal insulation and temperature stabilization, protection from humidity and weather, protection from pests, including termites via the OSB, and physical durability.

illustrates a cross-section of a wall panel. The wall panelcomprises a composite structure having layers,,,,. An exterior fiber cement panelprovides an exterior surfaceto the outdoor ambient environment. The exterior fiber cement panelcan be painted or decorated to enhance aesthetics. Adhered within the fiber cement panelis a layer of recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) film, or low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film. Adjacent to this layer is a substantially thick layer of insulation, comprising an insulative material such as cellulose. An internal recycled wood fiber panel, having an interior surfacefacing the interiorenvironment of the living space of the housing unit, is secured to the insulationwith light batten framing. In alternative embodiments one or more air gaps can be provided to add further insulation, for example on one or both sides of the insulation. The composite structure of the wall panelthus provides protection from sunlight and ultraviolet (UV) radiation, thermal insulation and temperature stabilization. The panelcomprises an inner substantially impermeable, substantially fire-retardant sheet. In some embodiments, the panelcan comprise a recycled woof fiber panel.

Each of the panels,,can vary from five inches in thickness to ten inches in thickness, or between six inches and eight inches. Any of the external layers,,and/or internal layers,,can be treated and/or coated to increase fire-retardant and/or water-resistant characteristics. In some embodiments, an additional internal layer comprising polymeric plastic or resin can be applied to make the composite more weatherproof, and durable.

illustrates a T-shaped bracket.illustrates the T-shaped bracketin an assembled state coupling a wall paneland a floor panel. The T-shaped bracketcomprises a high-strength metal, and comprises an upwardly-extending projection, and inwardly-extending projection, and a downwardly-extending projection. The T-shaped brackethas a “T” cross-section. A plurality of T-shaped bracketsare configured to be secured to the lower hexagonal ring. For example, there can be two, three, four, five, six, or more T-shaped bracketsper each of the six sides of the housing unit. The upwardly-extending projectioncomprises a substantially vertical planar face, and has two cylindrical through holes,passing therethrough. The inwardly-extending projectioncomprises a substantially horizontal planar face, and has two cylindrical through holes,passing therethrough. The downwardly-extending projectioncomprises a substantially vertical planar face, and is reinforced by an angular connection platejoining the downwardly-extending projectionto the inwardly-extending projection. The T-shaped bracketcan be formed by metal extrusion, CNC machining, or other additive or subtractive processes.

illustrates a first boltpassing through a first holeof the wall paneland through a holeof the T-shaped bracket. The boltis tightened with a nutto force a wall faceagainst the substantially vertical planar face, to maintain the wall panelsecure, and vertical.also illustrates a second boltpassing through a first holeof the floor paneland through a holeof the T-shaped bracket. The boltis tightened with a nutto force a floor faceagainst the substantially horizontal planar face, to maintain the floor panelsecure, and horizontal. The plurality of T-shaped bracketsaid in maintaining the flooring (e.g., a plurality of floor panels) substantially level. In some embodiments, a second type of bracket can be used that connects the roof panels to the upper hexagonal ring. In these brackets, the upwardly-extending projectioncan be replaced by an angled projection that is angled at the desired orientation of each of the roof panels.

In an alternative embodiment, the T-shaped bracketis replaced by an L-shaped bracket, having only the upwardly-extending projectionand the inwardly-extending projection. In another alternative, shown in, the bracketis not a separate component, but is instead a feature (recesses,) that is integral to the frame, and specifically to the upper ringand/or the lower ring. The detail of the T-shaped bracket (planar faces,, holes,,,) is included in the configuration of the rings,. Though the upper ringis shown inwith a substantially 90° angulation between the upwardly-extending projectionand the inwardly-extending projection, an acute angle can exist between them, such that the upwardly-extending projection, also has at least some inward extension. For example, 60°, 45°, or 30°, or 20° to 70°, or 25° to 65° from the horizontal plane.

illustrates another T-shaped bracket, or alternatively, a feature (recesses,) that is integral to the frame, and specifically to the upper ringand/or the lower ring. The floor paneland the wall panelincludes the composite layered structure as described with, respectively. However, the floor panelincludes a stepor recess configured to fit the upwardly-extending projectionand the downwardly-extending projectionof the T-shaped bracket. The floor paneland the wall panelcan be coupled with screws or other fasteners, or can be bonded with flexible adhesives, such as urethane adhesive, or adhesive tape.

illustrates a hexagonal housing unitcomprising a central masthaving an upper portionand a lower portion. The lower portionis shown embedded in earth, and surrounded at its lowest portionby solidified concretewithin an augered hole. In the embodiment of, approximately one-third of the length of the central mastis configured to be placed under the earth, or about one-fifth to one-half of the length. The depth DT to the top of the solidified concreteinis not necessarily shown to scale. In some embodiments, this depth DT is significantly more than the total height HC of the solidified concrete. The upper portionof the central mastincludes eyelets,for attaching to a first endof the first tensile cables. The upper hexagonal ringis connected to bracketsthat attach to a second endof the first tensile cables. The upper hexagonal ringthereby hangs from the upper portionof the central mast. The bracketconnects to roof panelsand wall panelsin a similar manner to bracketof, and is connected to an additional couplerhaving upper eyeletsand lower eyelets.

The lower hexagonal ringhangs via second tensile cables. A first endof the second tensile cableconnects to the lower eyeletof the coupler, and a second endconnects to an eyeletof a couplerthat is connected to a bracket. The brackets, couplers, and lower hexagonal ringofhang about the surface of the terrain. The only necessary connection to the terrain/soil is via the central mast. This minimal connection requires only a very small area of the terrain that needs preparation. Furthermore, the hanging nature of the structure can provide a dwelling that does not have a excessive amount of internal stresses, and is not over-constrained at key structural portions. Thus, during seismic events, the housing unitis able to avoid catastrophic failure, and can prove to be quite durable. In alternative embodiments, additional connections between the lower hexagonal ringand/or the upper hexagonal ringare possible.

Assuming that the central mastextends along a vertical Z-axis, further stability can be added along the X-axis and/or Y-axis (Cartesian coordinates), or along the R-axis (cylindrical coordinates).illustrates an alternative ringcomprising an outer hexagonal perimeter of beams, an internal ringconfigured to couple to the central mast, and six spoke-like beams-that radially connect the internal ringand the perimeter of beams.

Further stability, resilience, and robustness can be added to the structure of the hexagonal housing unitvia circular plates,,. The plates,,serve as connecting points or joints within the structure, and facilitate modular assembly. Each plate is configured to be connected to the central mastat a different longitudinal location along the central mast. The upper circular plateis configured to be secured around the upper portionof the central mast, and to interface with the arc concave faceof the roof panel, or with another portion at the apex of the roof panel. The roof panel also possesses a flat surface at its upper apex that is parallel to the horizontal and intended to engage the central mastin a flush manner. This is somewhat equivalent to the two staggered cut-away sectionscomprising an arc concave faceshown in. The flush cut simply outlines the circumference of the mast, while the flat top part of the roof panel rests on the extrusion plate. The intermediate circular plateis configured to be secured around an intermediate portionof the central mast. It is also configured to directly engage the internal ringof the alternative ring. The intermediate circular platecan also indirectly be coupled to the upper hexagonal ring, via additional components (e.g., radially extending tension wires). The lower circular plateis configured to be secured at or near the lower portionof the central mast. It is also configured to directly engage the internal ringof the alternative ring. The lower circular platecan also indirectly couple to the lower hexagonal ring, via additional components (e.g., radially extending tension wires). It can also be coupled to the floor panels. The circular plates,,can be coupled to the assembly without being directly coupled to the central mast. This can avoid an over-constrained structure.

illustrate the attachment of a plateto the central mast. In some embodiments, the place can comprise a first semi-circular plate sectionand a second semi-circular plate section, each having an internal semi-cylindrical concave contour,, respectively, configured to engage an outer cylindrical surface of the cylindrical mast. The two sections,can each include semi-circular flanges,having transverse holes (not shown), and configured to be attached to each other via screws passing through holes, and in the process being securingly tightened to the central mast. Each sectioncan optionally include a plurality of through holesthrough which tension wire can pass, for further securement. In other embodiments, no tension wires are used along the central mast, and thus, the holesare not utilized. A decoupling collaris carried above the plate. Six spoke-like beams-extend from the decoupling collar, and comprise outer endsconfigured to couple to the ring. The decoupling collar, analogous to the internal ringof, rests on top of the platewhile maintaining zero to minimal contact with the central mast, because of a two to three cm gap shown. This is shown in more detail in. In some embodiments, a lower flange of the lower ringcan project downward and extend into the ground/terrain/soil with the central mast, as a composite central mastsystem.

Using the intermediate circular plateas an example, any of the plates,,can comprise an upper annular plate structure, and a plurality of angled beams. In some embodiments, the angled beamscan be replaced with a conical structure, whose lower end connects to the central mastand whose upper end connects to the upper annular plate.

illustrates another alternative embodiment frameworkfor a housing unit. The frameworkutilizes the alternative ringofand the plateof. The plateis also similar to the plateof.

illustrates an alternative cross-section of a wall panel. An outer claddingcan comprise a sheet of high-strength metal, such as cast alloy steel. An air gapinsulates between the claddingand a sheetthat provides a barrier. An insulative layer comprises a sheetof a material, such as carbon fiber. Interior sidingencloses the other materials to provide a safe internal environment in the living space. An upper bracketand a lower bracketprovide connectors,, respectively, to which tensile wireis attached. In this composite wall paneldesign, the tensile connections are hidden within the interior of the wall, and not visible.

illustrates a hexagonal a housing unitthat includes an additional water harvesting system. The water harvesting system comprises a single, substantially vertical tubecomprising an internal lumenor passageway that extends its length, and is closed off at the lower endvia a blockage. The blockage can comprise concrete or a bonded cylindrical structure. The lumenis configured to be filled to the top endof the tube. In some embodiments, one or more drainage holescan be located below the top end, to define the top end of a water column that can fill the lumen. An angled gutteris carried by either the roof paneland/or by the upper hexagonal ring. The guttercan be attached by cement, adhesive, or other building materials, or can be mechanically fitted in place. The guttercomprises a concave troughhaving a first endand a second end. The first endis at least slightly higher in elevation than the second end. The guttertapers in width to the second endas does the trough, forming an apexat the second endthat is configured to pour rainwater into the top openingof the tube. The troughincludes an outward-facing longitudinal barrier edgeand an inward-facing edge. The inward-facing edgeis configured to smoothly transition to the slope of the roof panel, such that rainwaterlanding on the roof panelis pulled down by gravity along the upper surfaceof the roof panel, moves over the inward-facing edgeand into the trough. Gravity then moves the rainwaterin the troughtoward the apexand delivers it into the lumenof the tube. The tubeis shown into be located just outside an apex of the hexagonal shape of the housing unit. However, in other embodiment, the tubescan also be located at any part along one or more wall panel.

The captured rainwatercan substantially fill the lumenof the tube, and is protected against evaporation, because of the comparatively small surface area of the top opening, which is the only interface of the captured water with the ambient environment. Alternatively, a small roof structure (not shown) can be carried above the opening, without blocking it, to significantly protect against hard materials (plant material, animal feces, etc.) from entering. In other embodiments, a layer of screen or filter material can be placed above some or most of the opening, to further ensure cleanliness of the water. Though a single tubeand single gutterare shown in, in some embodiments, six of each can be utilized, with a tubeat each apex, and a gutterextending along an adjacent roof panel. In other embodiments, three of each can be utilized, with a tubeat every other apex and a gutterat every other roof panel.

An alternative water harvesting system′ is illustrated in, and comprises an additional gutterhaving a trough. The first endis at least slightly higher in elevation than the second end. The guttertapers in width to the second endas does the trough, forming an apexat the second endthat is configured to pour rainwater into the toughof the first gutternear its first end. The troughincludes an outward-facing longitudinal barrier edgeand an inward-facing edge. The inward-facing edgeis configured to smoothly transition to the slope of the roof panel, such that rainwaterlanding on the roof panelis pulled down by gravity along the upper surfaceof the roof panel, moves over the inward-facing edgeand into the trough. Gravity then moves the rainwaterin the troughtoward the apexand delivers it into the trough, for its subsequent passage therethrough, and into the top openingin the tube. The gutterand/or the guttercan span substantially the entire width of a roof panel, or alternatively can partially span a roof panel.

The water harvesting system,′ can include a faucetthat hydraulically communicates with the lumen, and allows the resident to directly access the water, via an on/off valve, which can be operated by a faucet handle or dial, or similar device. The water harvesting system,′ can also supply water to lavatory or kitchen fixtures() via a tubethat connects between the fixturesand the lumen.

In some embodiments, the water harvesting system,′ can comprise a cistern(), wherein the bottom of the tubedoes not have a blockage, and instead opens into the cistern. Multiple tubescan connect in this matter to one cistern. Either way, the cisternallows for the storage and repurposing of a larger amount of water. The tubesand the cisternhave the capability to store water for a variety of purposes. Non-potable uses can further include irrigation in local gardens or groves, or flushing of toilets. This reduces the water demand from other local resources. In turn, the housing unitis less dependent on municipal water supplies, reducing the environmental impact associated with traditional water sourcing and treatment.

Turning to, in another embodiment, the individual roof panels-are replaced with paired downwardly-sloping roof panels,. In addition, one panelslopes inwardly from right to left, and the other panelslopes inwardly from left to right, thus creating a V-cross-section comprising a troughhaving an longitudinal centerline. The troughhas an apexat the apex of the hexagonal shape, and three tubes-are placed adjacently to the three apices, such that the drainage of the roof panel pairs,, is guided into the lumensof the tubes. Rainwateris guided down the troughin the direction of the arrow in, and into the lumensof the tubes. The tubescan have any of the structure and functionality as the tubesof, including the ability to couple to the cistern.

illustrate a communitythat has been constructed from five of the housing units-. Arrangement of the housing unitsinto clusters, such as the community, can enhance structural durability, minimize energy consumption, and also encourage social connectivity and support among the inhabitants. One example can include a high-speed, shared wireless, Wi-Fi connection. The units can address manifold social factors by integrating affordable, sustainable housing with community support, providing a scalable solution that offers not only shelter but also possible opportunities for employment, healthcare, and social integration. This approach directly addresses some root causes of homelessness, and promotes a stable and supportive community environment. A supportive community environment can enhance mental well-being and instill a sense of belonging. The substantially circular formationprovides a central courtyard. This fosters interaction among residents, potentially diminishing the isolation and competitiveness that can be found among people living on the streets. The design thus aligns with studies indicating that reduced social isolation and increased community interaction can significantly lower the risks associated with mental health issues, including depression and anxiety, and even chronic physical illnesses like heart disease and diabetes. The structure of the communityis also conducive to faster responses to healthcare emergencies, and better communication with neighbors, to further aid these emergent situations. Mental health and substance abuse support can also be significantly enhanced with the formationutilized in the community.

Inherent in the communitydesign is the potential use of shared resources and utilities. This can enhance both the efficiency of construction and the allotment of utilities. A utility tie-in is located in the central courtyard, where water supply, electrical supply, and sewage systems can come together. As apparent from, the cluster of the units-can also enhance the overall structural stability. The interconnectedness of the units-increases balance and thermal insulation, and reduces any negative effects from the environment. For example, the ability to place beds against shared walls optimizes insulation for the sleeper. Whether there are shared walls or double layers of panels, the sides of each of the units are the adjacent portions are substantially parallel to each other (e.g., parallel outer sides vs. parallel inner sides). Also possible is the combination of two or more of the units-into a single unit, thus providing a large amount of adaptability of the community, at the size presented, or at other sizes, including sizes that are much larger. This is helpful, as families come in many different sizes and have different specific needs. As shown ina single wall panel′ can be used in the common walls between units. Thus, the overall cost of each unit is in turn reduced.

Turning particularly to, entrances-and windows-are indicated. A community solar panelis shown in the central courtyard(on a post), and is shared by the residents to enhance the effect of each of their individual solar panels. Solar panels,can be used for harvesting energy, which can enhance sustainability and reduce overall energy costs. If a 72-cell solar panelis sized such that it can be carried on each roof panelof a housing unithaving six roof panels, such as on a 375 square foot housing unit, about 400 Watts can be generated, depending on the sunlight exposure. Assuming an average sunlight exposure of five hours per day, the six solar panelscan collectively produce up to about 360 kWh per month. This can be affected, however, but shading, seasonal changes, or variations in sun exposure duration. Some estimates of energy consumption of two individuals inhabiting a single housing unitare in the range of 205 hWh, so that the potential capability of the six solar panelsis promising. Even if solar energy capture does not meet the entire energy needs of two people, for example, other steps can be taken in a communityfor optimization. For example, some housing unitsmay house only one person, thus allowing surplus energy to be stored in a battery and/or distributed to the other unitsof the community. Additionally, each housing unitcan remain connected to the electricity grid, ensuring that if the solar panelsdo not provide sufficient power, particularly at night, the utility grid can supplement the shortfall. Bedding, closets, and other furniture such as dressers, can also be provided in modular form. To save space, a Murphy bed (fold-up) can be incorporated into a wall or piece of furniture.

illustrates a communitycomprising a plurality of clusters,of sub-communities′ of housing units. A main street, or path, connects to two community streets,. The western streetincludes a clusterof thirteen sub-communities′ of housing units, six on one side of the street, six on the opposite side of the street, and one at the end of the street. The eastern streetincludes a clusterof thirteen sub-communities′ of housing units, six on one side of the street, six on the opposite side of the street, and one at the end of the street. Overall, the communityincludes 26 sub-communities, and 156 total housing units.

Each sub-community′ comprises a fully enclosed central courtyard. Each housing unit hasan exterior entranceon the outside of a circle of six housing units. The housing unitseach share two of their six walls with, one with each of two other housing units. Thus, the central courtyardis only accessible by a back exit, which each housing unitincludes. The central courtyardis thus shared by six housing unitsof a single sub-community′, but not by the entire community. In some embodiments, one or more housing units of the communitycan be repurposed as a storage, meeting, utilities, or other shared area. In some embodiments, one or more housing units of the sub-community′ can be repurposed as a storage, meeting, utilities, or other shared area.

illustrates a communitycomprising a plurality of clusters,,,of sub-communitiesof housing units. A main street, or path, connects to four community streets,,,. Each of the community streets,,,includes a cluster,,,of thirteen sub-communitiesof housing units, six on one side of the street,,,, six on the opposite side of the street,,,, and one at the end of the street,,,. Overall, the communityincludes 52 sub-communities, and 260 total housing units.

Each sub-communityhas the same characteristics as described with. In some embodiments, one or more housing units of the communitycan be repurposed as a storage, meeting, utilities, or other shared area. In some embodiments, one or more housing units of the sub-communitycan be repurposed as a storage, meeting, utilities, or other shared area.

illustrates a living spacein a housing unit. The living spaceis calculated by the annular surface area(course hatching) between the outer cylindrical wallof the central mast, and the inner hexagonal wall surfacebounded by the wall panels-. For the purposes of calculations, the living space surface areais denoted as X. whether the central masthas a circular cross-section (as shown) or a polygonal cross-section, and whether the wall sections-define a polygon (as shown) or a circle, the surface areais still referred to as annular, and comprises the overall area, minus the area of the central mast. For the purposes of consistent calculation, the effect of any internal (e.g., dividing) walls, or other items (furniture, etc.) will be ignored. Thus, the annular surface areain the particular case of the housing unitshown in(and also) is defined as: