Handheld Electronic Device

This application is a continuation patent application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 18/243,548, filed Sep. 7, 2023 and titled “Handheld Electronic Device,” which is a nonprovisional patent application of and claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/441,756, filed Jan. 27, 2023 and titled “Handheld Electronic Device,” the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

The subject matter of this disclosure relates generally to handheld electronic devices.

Modern consumer electronic devices take many shapes and forms, and have numerous uses and functions. For example, a tablet computer may include a touch-sensitive display for providing graphical outputs and for accepting touch inputs, wireless communications systems for connecting with other devices to send and receive data and voice content, cameras for capturing photographs and videos, and so forth. Input devices may provide user control of certain device functions and settings.

An electronic device may include an enclosure including a front cover defining a front exterior surface of the electronic device and a housing component coupled to the front cover and defining a side exterior surface of the electronic device. The electronic device may further include an input button assembly including an input member positioned along the side exterior surface of the housing component and defining a first input region proximate a first end of the input member and a second input region proximate a second end of the input member, the input member configured to receive a user input. The input button assembly may further include a beam structure at least partially within the enclosure and coupled to the input member, the beam structure configured to be deflected as a result of the user input, a first strain sensing element at a first location of the beam structure, and a second strain sensing element at a second location of the beam structure. The electronic device may further include a processing system within the enclosure and configured to determine whether the user input was applied to the first input region or the second input region based at least in part on at least one of a first signal from the first strain sensing element or a second signal from the second strain sensing element.

The user input may cause the input member to move inwards a first distance, and the processing system may be further configured to determine whether an output of a sensing system including the first strain sensing element and the second strain sensing element satisfies a condition, and the electronic device may further include a haptic actuation system integrated with the input button assembly and configured to, in accordance with a determination that the output of the sensing system satisfies the condition, cause the input member to move inwards a second distance greater than the first distance. The electronic device may further include a ferromagnetic structure set apart from the beam structure by a gap, the haptic actuation system may include a conductive coil coupled to the beam structure, and the haptic actuation system may energize the conductive coil to cause the beam structure to be deflected towards a ferromagnetic structure, thereby causing the input member to move inwards the second distance.

The processing system may be configured to, in accordance with a determination that the user input was applied to the first input region, increase an audio output volume of the electronic device, and in accordance with a determination that the user input was applied to the second input region, decrease an audio output volume of the electronic device.

The beam structure may include an actuation segment including an electromagnetic element, a first compliant segment on a first side of the actuation segment, and a second compliant segment on a second side of the actuation segment. The first strain sensing element may be coupled to the first compliant segment, and the second strain sensing element may be coupled to the second compliant segment. The actuation segment may include a ferrous member and a conductive coil surrounding the ferrous member. The beam structure may be rigidly coupled to the housing component at a first end of the beam structure via a first fastener and at a second end of the beam structure by a second fastener. The beam structure may be coupled to the input member via a third fastener extending through the beam structure on a first side of the actuation segment and via a fourth fastener extending through the beam structure on a second side of the actuation segment.

A portable electronic device may include a touchscreen display, wireless communication circuitry, a battery, and an enclosure enclosing the touchscreen display, the wireless communication circuitry, and the battery. The enclosure may include a front cover positioned over the touchscreen display and defining a front exterior surface of the enclosure, and a housing component coupled to the front cover and defining an opening along a side exterior surface of the enclosure. The portable electronic device may further include an input button assembly including a beam structure at least partially within the enclosure and including an actuation segment including an electromagnetic element and positioned proximate a middle of the beam structure, a first compliant segment positioned proximate a first end of the beam structure, and a second compliant segment positioned proximate a second end of the beam structure. The input button assembly may further include an input member positioned at least partially in the opening and configured to impart a force on the beam structure as a result of an input applied to the input member. The portable electronic device may further include a sensing system configured to detect a deflection of at least one of the first compliant segment or the second compliant segment and a processing system within the enclosure and configured to, in accordance with a determination that an output of the sensing system satisfies a condition, cause the electromagnetic element to deflect the beam structure, thereby moving the input member to produce a haptic output.

The condition may be a first condition, and the processing system may be configured to, in accordance with the determination that the output of the sensing system satisfies the first condition, cause the electromagnetic element to deflect the beam structure a first distance, and in accordance with a determination that the output of the sensing system satisfies a second condition different from the first condition, cause the electromagnetic element to deflect the beam structure a second distance greater than the first distance. The first condition may be indicative of the input member being depressed a third distance, and the second condition may be indicative of the input member being depressed a fourth distance greater than the third distance.

The sensing system may further include a first strain sensing element coupled to the first compliant segment, and a second strain sensing element coupled to the second compliant segment. The input may be a first input, and the processing system may be further configured to determine a swipe direction of a second input applied to the input member based at least in part on a first signal from the first strain sensing element and a second signal from the second strain sensing element, the second input including a swipe gesture extending along a surface of the input member.

Causing the electromagnetic element to deflect the beam structure may cause the beam structure to move the input member in a same direction as the input applied to the input member.

The input button assembly may further include a ferromagnetic structure, and causing the electromagnetic element to deflect the beam structure may include causing the electromagnetic element to be magnetically attracted to the ferromagnetic structure.

An electronic device may include a housing component defining a side surface of the electronic device, a front cover coupled to the housing component, a display positioned below the front cover, and an input button assembly including a beam structure positioned within the electronic device, an input member positioned along the side surface of the electronic device and configured to move inward a first distance in response to a force input applied to the input member and cause a first deflection of the beam structure in response to the force input. The input button assembly may further include a haptic actuation system configured to, in accordance with a determination that the first deflection satisfies a condition, cause a second deflection of the beam structure, the second deflection configured to move the input member inward a second distance greater than the first distance.

The input member may define a first input region at a first end of the input member, a second input region at a second end of the input member opposite the first end, a first post extending below the first input region and coupled to the beam structure, and a second post extending below the second input region and coupled to the beam structure. The beam structure may include a first compliant segment rigidly coupled to the housing component, a second compliant segment rigidly coupled to the housing component, and an actuation segment between the first compliant segment and the second compliant segment. The haptic actuation system may include a conductive coil coupled to the actuation segment.

The first post may be coupled to the beam structure via a first fastener extending through a first hole formed through the first compliant segment and the actuation segment, and the second post may be coupled to the beam structure via a second fastener extending through a second hole formed through the second compliant segment and the actuation segment.

Reference will now be made in detail to representative embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the following descriptions are not intended to limit the embodiments to one preferred embodiment. To the contrary, it is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as can be included within the spirit and scope of the described embodiments as defined by the appended claims.

Portable electronic devices as described herein may include complex, sophisticated components and systems that facilitate a multitude of functions. For example, portable electronic devices according to the instant disclosure may include touch- and/or force-sensitive displays, numerous cameras (including both front- and rear-facing cameras), GPS systems, haptic actuators, wireless charging systems, and all requisite computing components and software to operate these (and other) systems and otherwise provide the functionality of the devices.

1 1 FIGS.A andB 1 FIG.A 1 FIG.B 100 100 100 show an example electronic deviceembodied as a tablet computer.illustrates a front of the device, whileillustrates a back side of the device. While the deviceis a tablet computer, the concepts presented herein may apply to any appropriate electronic devices, including portable electronic devices, wearable devices (e.g., watches), laptop computers, mobile phones, handheld gaming devices, computing peripherals (e.g., mice, touchpads, keyboards), or any other device. Accordingly, any reference to an “electronic device” encompasses any and all of the foregoing.

100 102 104 102 103 102 102 102 102 102 The electronic deviceincludes a cover(e.g., a front cover) attached to a housing(which may include a housing structure defined by one or more housing components). The covermay be positioned over a display. The covermay be a sheet or sheet-like structure formed from or including a transparent or optically transmissive material. In some cases, the coveris formed from or includes a glass material and may therefore be referred to as a glass cover member. The glass material may be a silica-based glass material, an aluminosilicate glass, a boroaluminosilicate glass, an alkali metal aluminosilicate glass (e.g., a lithium aluminosilicate glass), or a chemically strengthened glass. Other example materials for the coverinclude, without limitation, sapphire, ceramic, glass-ceramic, crystallizable glass materials, or plastic (e.g., polycarbonate). A glass-ceramic material may be a silica-based glass ceramic material, such as an aluminosilicate glass ceramic material or a boroaluminosilicate glass ceramic material. The glass-ceramic material may be chemically strengthened by ion exchange. The covermay be formed as a monolithic or unitary sheet. The covermay also be formed as a composite of multiple layers of different materials, coatings, and other elements.

103 104 103 102 103 103 103 103 The displaymay be at least partially positioned within the interior volume of the housing. The displaymay be coupled to the cover, such as via an adhesive or other coupling scheme. The displaymay include a liquid-crystal display (LCD), a light-emitting diode (LED) display, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display, an active layer organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) display, an organic electroluminescent (EL) display, an electrophoretic ink display, or the like. The displaymay be configured to display graphical outputs, such as graphical user interfaces, that the user may view and interact with. Graphical outputs may be displayed in a graphically active region of the display(e.g., an active display region). The displaymay also define a primary display region, which may generally correspond to the main front-facing, contiguous display region, in which graphical user interfaces, images, videos, applications, and other graphical outputs may be displayed.

100 100 100 103 103 103 The devicemay also include an ambient light sensor that can determine properties of the ambient light conditions surrounding the device. The devicemay use information from the ambient light sensor to change, modify, adjust, or otherwise control the display(e.g., by changing a hue, brightness, saturation, or other optical aspect of the display based on information from the ambient light sensor). The ambient light sensor may be positioned below an active area of the display(e.g., below a portion of the display that produces graphical output). The ambient light sensor may transmit and/or receive light through the active area of the displayto perform sensing functions.

103 102 102 100 The displaymay include or be associated with one or more touch- and/or force-sensing systems. In some cases, components of the touch- and/or force-sensing systems are integrated with the display stack. For example, touch-sensing components such as electrode layers of a touch and/or force sensor may be provided in a stack that includes display components (and is optionally attached to or at least viewable through the cover). The touch- and/or force-sensing systems may use any suitable type of sensing technology and touch-sensing components, including capacitive sensors, resistive sensors, surface acoustic wave sensors, piezoelectric sensors, strain gauges, or the like. The front exterior surface of the covermay define an input surface (e.g., a touch- and/or force-sensitive input surface) of the device. While both touch- and force-sensing systems may be included, in some cases the deviceincludes a touch-sensing system and does not include a force-sensing system. A display that includes touch-sensing functionality may be referred to as a touchscreen or a touchscreen display.

100 106 106 102 106 106 106 106 106 The devicemay also include a front-facing camera. The front-facing cameramay be positioned below or otherwise covered and/or protected by the cover. The front-facing cameramay have any suitable operational parameters. For example, the front-facing cameramay include a 12-megapixel sensor (with 1 micron pixel size), and an 80-90° field of view. The front-facing cameramay have an aperture number of f/1.9. The front-facing cameramay include auto-focus functionality (e.g., one or more lens elements may move relative to an optical sensor to focus an image on the sensor). Other types of cameras may also be used for the front-facing camera, such as a fixed-focus camera.

100 116 120 118 120 116 118 116 120 116 120 116 120 116 120 The devicemay also include one or more buttons (such as buttons,), switches (such as switch), and/or other physical input systems. Such input systems may be used to control power and/or sleep/wake states (e.g., the button), change speaker volume (e.g., the button), switch between “ring” and “silent” modes (e.g., the switch), and the like. The buttonsandmay include strain-sensing systems that detect inputs to the buttons based on a detected strain. The buttonsandmay also be associated with haptic actuation systems that produce a tactile or haptic output in response to a detection of a strain that satisfies a condition. Thus, for example, upon detecting a strain that satisfies a condition (and/or an electrical parameter that is indicative of a strain satisfying the condition), a haptic actuation system may impart a force on a button to produce a tactile output (e.g., resembling a “click”). This tactile or haptic output may provide tactile feedback to the user to indicate that the input has been recognized by the device. In some cases, one or more of the buttonsandmay use switch members, such as collapsible dome switches, to detect button presses. In some cases, one or more of the buttonsandmay use touch-sensing systems, such as capacitive touch sensing systems, to detect inputs. Other sensing techniques may also be used to detect inputs to the buttons. In some cases, a switch or other input device is used in place of one or more of the buttons.

118 118 118 118 118 118 The switchmay be a toggle or bistable switch that is positionable in a first position and a second position. Changing the position of the switch(e.g., between first and second positions) may cause the device to change its mode or operating state. For example, positioning the switchin the first position may cause the device to operate in a “ring” mode (in which an audio output is produced in response to a notification such as an incoming call or message), and positioning the switchin the second position may cause the device to operate in a “silent” mode (in which audio output is not produced in response to a notification such as an incoming call or message). (Other types of input systems may be used instead of a switch, such as a button.) In some cases, the change to the mode or operating state of the device as a result of an input to the switchincludes changing a plurality of device settings. For example, when the first mode may correspond to a general audio “active” mode in which the device produces audio outputs from various sources, including media, gaming applications, notifications, and the like. Further, the second mode may correspond to a reduced audio mode, in which the device does not produce audio in response to notifications or certain applications (e.g., gaming applications), but still allows audio output from media sources (e.g., videos). (In some cases, in the second mode, audio outputs from some sources, such as gaming applications, are converted to or replaced with haptic outputs.) Thus, switching from the “active” audio mode to the second mode may result in the modification of various different audio output and/or alert settings. Moreover, these are merely examples of settings that may be changed when the switchis used to change the device mode.

118 118 In some cases, changing the device mode or operating state with the switchmay also affect haptic output settings. For example, switching from a first mode (e.g., a “ring” mode or audio “active” mode) to a second mode (e.g., a “silent” or “low audio” mode) may cause the device to replace certain audio outputs (e.g., incoming call notifications) with haptic outputs. Other settings may also be affected by the mode change that is effectuated by interacting with the switch.

100 103 The mode of the device (e.g., the ringer or audio mode) may also be selectable via the touchscreen. For example, the devicemay provide options, via one or more graphical user interfaces displayed on the display, for controlling the audio mode (e.g., choosing between ring and silent modes) and/or selecting various notification parameters (e.g., ringer volume, ringtone, haptic output sequences, haptic intensity, haptic duration, and the like). Such settings may be accessed and selected via interactions with the touchscreen.

100 112 100 100 112 112 112 The devicemay also include a charging port(e.g., for receiving a connector of a power cable for providing power to the deviceand charging the battery of the device). The charging portmay receive a connector of any suitable design. In some cases, the charging portreceives a connector corresponding to a USB connector type, such as a USB-C connector. The charging portmay also be configured to send and/or receive data via a cable, such as with a USB or other communication protocol.

100 114 114 104 100 104 114 The devicemay also include audio openings. The audio openingsmay allow sound output from an internal speaker system to exit the housing. The devicemay also include one or more microphones. In some cases, a microphone within the housingmay be acoustically coupled to the surrounding environment through an audio opening.

1 FIG.A 1 FIG.A 1 FIG.A 101 100 101 101 100 also includes an example coordinate systemthat may define directions with reference to the device(or other electronic devices described herein). The coordinate systemdefines a positive x direction, a positive y direction, and a positive z direction. Unless stated otherwise, references herein to a positive x, positive y, or positive z direction will be understood to refer generally to the coordinate systemand its relationship to the devicein. Negative x, y, and z directions will be understood to be opposite to the positive x, y, and z directions shown in the coordinate system in.

1 FIG.B 100 104 132 119 102 104 100 100 132 104 132 100 illustrates a back side of the device. The housingmay include or may define a rear exterior surface, and may included or define one or more side exterior surfaces. The cover(e.g., the front cover) and the housingmay at least partially define an enclosure of the device. The enclosure may define an internal volume in which components of the deviceare positioned. The rear surfacemay be integral with the sides of the housing(e.g., the back and at least some of the sides may be part of a single piece of material), or it may be defined by a separate member (e.g., a rear cover, which may be formed from glass, metal, polymer, composite, or any other suitable material). Where the rear surfaceis defined by a separate member, the devicemay include a band-shaped housing member that defines the sides of the enclosure, a front cover that defines the front surface, and a rear cover that defines the rear surface.

100 141 141 100 100 141 The devicemay also include a sensor array(e.g., a rear-facing sensor array in a rear-facing sensor array region) that includes one or more cameras (e.g., two cameras, as shown). The sensor arraymay be in a sensor array region that is defined by a protrusion along the rear of the device. The protrusion may define a portion of the rear exterior surface of the device, and may at least partially define a raised sensor array region of the sensor array.

141 141 The sensor array, along with associated processors and software, may provide several image-capture features. For example, the sensor arraymay be configured to capture full-resolution video clips of a certain duration each time a user captures a still image. As used herein, capturing full-resolution images (e.g., video images or still images) may refer to capturing images using all or substantially all of the pixels of an image sensor, or otherwise capturing images using the maximum resolution of the camera (regardless of whether the maximum resolution is limited by the hardware or software).

The captured video clips may be associated with the still image. In some cases, users may be able to select individual frames from the video clip as the representative still image associated with the video clip. In this way, when the user takes a snapshot of a scene, the camera will actually record a short video clip (e.g., 1 second, 2 seconds, or the like), and the user can select the exact frame from the video to use as the captured still image (in addition to simply viewing the video clip as a video).

141 141 The cameras of the sensor arraymay also have or provide a high-dynamic-range (HDR) mode, in which the camera captures images having a dynamic range of luminosity that is greater than what is captured when the camera is not in the HDR mode. In some cases, the sensor arrayautomatically determines whether to capture images in an HDR or non-HDR mode. Such determination may be based on various factors, such as the ambient light of the scene, detected ranges of luminosity, tone, or other optical parameters in the scene, or the like. HDR images may be produced by capturing multiple images, each using different exposure or other image-capture parameters, and producing a composite image from the multiple captured images.

141 100 100 100 The sensor arraymay also include or be configured to operate in an object detection mode, in which a user can select (and/or the devicecan automatically identify) objects within a scene to facilitate those objects being processed, displayed, or captured differently than other parts of the scene. For example, a user may select (or the devicemay automatically identify) a person's face in a scene, and the devicemay focus on the person's face while selectively blurring the portions of the scene other than the person's face. Notably, features such as the HDR mode and the object detection mode may be provided with a single camera (e.g., a single lens and sensor).

141 The sensor arraymay also include a depth sensing device that is configured to estimate a distance between the device and a separate object or target. The depth sensing device may estimate a distance between the device and a separate object or target using lasers and time-of-flight calculations, or using other types of depth sensing components or techniques.

100 141 141 The devicemay also include a flash (e.g., a rear-facing flash) that is configured to illuminate a scene to facilitate capturing images with the cameras of the sensor array. The flash is configured to illuminate a scene to facilitate capturing images with the sensor array. The flash may include one or more light sources, such as one or more light-emitting diodes (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, or more LEDs).

141 100 The sensor arraymay also include a microphone. The microphone may be acoustically coupled to the exterior environment through a hole defined in the rear cover of the device(e.g., through the portion of the rear cover that defines the protrusion).

1 FIG.C 100 116 118 100 116 116 118 116 118 illustrates a portion of the deviceshowing the input systems (e.g., button, switch) that may be provided along a side exterior surface of the device housing. The input systems may accept user inputs and cause the deviceto perform one or more operations in response to the user inputs. For example, the buttonmay control a volume of the device by allowing a user to press on opposite ends of the button, and the switchmay toggle the device between ring and silent modes. The buttonmay use strain sensing and a haptic actuation system to detect inputs and provide tactile feedback to the user (e.g., instead of or optionally in addition to a collapsible dome switch). The switchmay be a toggle switch or any other suitable input system (e.g., levers, buttons, touch-sensitive surfaces, etc.).

2 2 FIGS.A-C 1 1 FIGS.A-C 210 210 200 116 200 100 116 100 210 200 depict partial cross-sectional views of a simplified example of a buttonthat uses a sensing system (e.g., a strain sensing system) and a haptic actuation system. The buttonmay be incorporated into a deviceand may correspond to or be an embodiment of the buttonin, or any other buttons described herein. The devicemay correspond to or be an embodiment of the device. The descriptions of the buttonand the devicewill be understood to apply equally to the buttonand device.

210 211 211 210 211 206 208 206 200 208 The buttonincludes an input member. The input membermay define an interface or input surface that a user presses in order to actuate the button. The input membermay be configured as a dual-input button with different actuation regions,. When a user presses on the first actuation region, the device performs a first action (e.g., increasing a volume of an audio output that is controlled by the device), and when a user presses on the second actuation region, the device performs a second action (e.g., decreasing a volume of the audio output).

211 212 1 212 2 213 212 216 211 211 216 216 213 216 211 216 213 216 213 220 216 216 213 216 213 322 2 FIG.A 3 FIG.A The input membermay include posts-,-that extend through holes formed in the housing. The postsare coupled to a beam structurewithin the device. When the input memberis pushed, the input membercauses the beam structureto deflect. The beam structuremay be constrained, relative to the housing, such that forces imparted on the beam structureby the input member(e.g., forces in a vertical direction relative to the orientation of) cause the beam structureto be deflected relative to the housingand/or other components of the device. In some cases, one or both ends of the beam structureare fixed relative to the housing(and optionally relative to a ferromagnetic structure, described herein). In some cases, one or both ends of the beam structureare constrained in one direction (e.g., vertical), but allow for some movement in another direction (e.g., horizontal). The ends of the beam structuremay be constrained in various ways, such as by fasteners that are coupled to the housing. In some cases, fasteners (e.g., screws) anchor fix one or both ends of the beam structureto the housing(e.g., the fastenersdescribed with respect to).

212 1 212 2 216 211 216 211 216 211 211 216 212 216 324 212 216 212 211 216 3 3 FIGS.A-B The posts-,-may be coupled to the beam structuresuch that forces applied to the input membermay be transferred to the beam structure(e.g., due to force inputs applied to the input member), and such that forces applied to the beam structure(e.g., due to operation of a haptic actuation system) are transferred to the input member. Stated another way, the input membermay be at least partially constrained to the beam structurein at least a vertical direction. As one example, the postsmay be coupled to the beam structureby one or more fasteners, such as fastenersdescribed with respect to. In some cases, the coupling between the postsand the beam structureallow some degree of compliance or relative movement between the posts(and thus the input member) and the beam structure.

214 1 214 2 216 216 211 214 216 214 216 Sensing elements-,-may be coupled to the beam structureand may detect deflection of the beam structureas a result of inputs to the input member. The sensing elementsmay be or may include strain sensing elements (e.g., strain gauges, piezoelectric and/or piezoresistive materials, etc.), or other components or materials that detect deflection of the beam structure(optionally in conjunction with other circuitry). The sensing elementsmay produce a signal that varies continuously with the deflection of the beam structure(e.g., as opposed to a collapsible switch that produces only a binary or discontinuous signal).

216 211 216 The beam structuremay bias the input memberinto its undepressed or unactuated position, and may have a stiffness that provides a tactile resistance to the input force (such that the user can tactilely feel that they are pressing against a button that has some compliance while also providing some resistance). The tactile resistance may increase as the beam structureis deflected, such that the user can feel the increasing resistance as the button is being pressed.

2 2 FIGS.A-C 2 FIG.B 2 FIG.B 212 1 212 2 206 208 206 216 214 1 216 214 1 214 2 214 2 210 206 216 214 1 216 As shown in, the posts-,-are positioned generally under the actuation regions,, respectively. Thus, when an input force is applied to the actuation region, the input force may be predominantly transferred to the beam structureproximate the sensing element-, and may cause a greater deflection of the beam structureat the location of the sensing element-as compared to the sensing element-(or otherwise produce a deflection having a measurable difference as compared to the deflection at the location of the sensing element-).illustrates the buttonwhile an input force is applied to the actuation region, resulting in the beam structurebeing deflected proximate the strain sensing element-. The deflection shown inis merely for illustration, and the actual deflection of the beam structurein response to an input force on an actuation region may differ from that shown.

214 1 214 2 211 211 216 214 206 216 206 214 1 216 208 214 2 The device may determine, based at least in part on a first signal from a first sensing element-and a second signal from the second sensing element-, a location of an input on the input member. For example, as noted above, forces applied to different locations on the input membermay result in different deflections at different locations of the beam structure(which are detected using the first and second sensing elements). For example, a force input applied to a first actuation regionmay result in greater deflection (or at least a different deflection) of the beam structurebelow the first actuation region(e.g., at the first sensing element-) as compared to the portion of the beam structurebelow the second actuation region(e.g., at the second sensing element-).

214 206 208 206 208 206 208 In some cases, the device may correlate different sets of signals from the sensing elementsto different force input locations. In this way, the device can differentiate between different inputs to a single input member of unitary construction. The device may perform different actions or operations based at least in part on the location of the input. For example, if the location of the input is determined to correspond to the first actuation region, the device may increase an audio output volume of the device, and if the location of the input is determined to correspond to the second actuation region, the device may decrease an audio output volume of the device. These are merely example operations, and other operations may be performed based on the location of the input on the input member. For example, when the button is being used to control image capture functions, an input applied to the first actuation regionmay cause the device to perform a first zoom operation (e.g., zoom in) and an input applied to the second actuation regionmay cause the device to perform a second zoom operation (e.g., zoom out). As yet another example, when the button is being used to control scrolling functions, an input applied to the first actuation regionmay cause the device to scroll displayed graphical objects (e.g., on a touchscreen) in a first direction, and an input applied to the second actuation regionmay cause the device to scroll displayed graphical objects in a second direction different than the first direction.

211 211 211 206 211 208 In some cases, the device may be capable of distinguishing input locations on the input memberto a resolution of about 1.0 mm, about 2.0 mm, about 3.0 mm, or another suitable resolution. In some cases, the device distinguishes the input locations to a greater resolution than is necessary for the button functions. For example, the device may determine the location of an input on the input memberto a resolution of about 1.0 mm. If the location is within a first region of the input member(e.g., within an about 10 mm area defining the first actuation region), the device may perform a first operation, and if the location is within a second region of the input member(e.g., within an about 10 mm area defining the second actuation region), the device may perform a second operation different from the first operation.

211 211 211 211 214 216 216 211 211 206 208 216 2 FIG.A Because the device can determine the location of an input applied to the input member, the device may detect and respond to gesture inputs applied to the input member. As used herein, a gesture input may include a directional component, such as a swipe along length of the input member(e.g., along the horizontal axis in). As a user applies a gesture along the input surface of the input member(e.g., the exterior surface that is contactable by a user), the device may determine one or more parameters of the gesture. Such parameters may include a direction of the gesture (e.g., a swipe direction), speed of the gesture, start/stop locations of the gesture, or the like. Such parameters may be determined based on the signals from the sensing elements, and may correspond to deflections of the beam structure. Thus, such gesture inputs may be detectable to the extent that they produce detectable deflections in the beam structure. While a swipe gesture is described, other types of gesture inputs or inputs that include directions and/or motions are also contemplated. For example, a user may apply a “rocking” gesture to the input member, where the entire input memberreceives a force, but a primary force location (e.g., a centroid of the force input) changes with time (e.g., as if a user rocks a finger or thumb from the first actuation regionto the second actuation region). Because the deflection of the beam structurechanges in accordance with the location of the primary force location, parameters of such a gesture input may be determined and the device may perform operations based on the determined parameters.

Example operations that may be performed in response to gesture inputs include, without limitation, scrolling displayed objects, changing audio output volume, changing display brightness (or any other device parameters), locking and/or unlocking the device, sending an information item (e.g., sending an email or text message), refreshing content (e.g., refreshing a webpage), and the like.

211 214 214 216 As noted above, the device may determine a location of an input on the input memberbased on one or more signals from the sensing elements. The signals may be or may correspond to an electrical signal and/or an electrical characteristic. For example, if the sensing elementsare or include strain gauges, the signals may be voltages that vary based on the change in resistance of the strain gauges as the beam structureis deflected. Other types of signals may be produced based on the particular type of sensing element used.

214 211 216 211 The device may determine, using the sensing elements, whether an input applied to the input membersatisfies one or more conditions. For example, the device may determine whether the input satisfies a condition indicative of a certain force or a certain deflection of the beam structure(e.g., a threshold deflection). As another example, the device may determine whether the input satisfies a condition indicative of the input memberbeing depressed a particular distance (of one or more potential distances). As another example, the device may determine whether the input satisfies a duration condition (e.g., the input has been detected at least for a particular duration). Conditions may be single factor conditions (e.g., a force or deflection condition) or multi-factor conditions (e.g., a force and duration condition, such as an input force being detected for a threshold duration). In response to detecting that the input satisfies the condition, the device may perform an operation (e.g., change an audio output volume, toggle between an audible and a silent mode, deactivate a screen, put the device in a “sleep” mode, or the like).

216 211 211 The device may also be configured to determine whether an actuation of the input member satisfies one of multiple possible conditions, and may perform different operations in response to detecting that the different conditions are satisfied. For example, the device may be configured to perform a first operation if a first condition is satisfied, and a second operation if a second condition is satisfied. The different conditions may correspond to different amounts of deflection of the beam structure(which may correspond to different magnitudes of force applied to the input memberand/or different depression distances of the input member). Thus, for example, the device may perform a first operation if the input meets a first force threshold, and a second operation (different from the first operation) if the input meets a second force threshold that is greater than the first force threshold. As one nonlimiting example, upon detecting that a first condition is satisfied (e.g., a first force threshold) while the device is in an image capture mode, the device may focus a camera on an object. Upon detecting that a second condition is satisfied (e.g., a second force threshold, greater than the first force threshold), the device may capture an image. Other operations may also be performed upon determining that the different conditions are satisfied.

211 206 208 206 208 In cases where the input memberdefines multiple differentiated actuation regions, each actuation region may be associated with different sets of multiple input conditions and associated operations. Thus, for example, the first actuation regionmay be associated with a first condition and a second condition (and first and second operations that are initiated upon detection of the first and second conditions), while the second actuation regionmay be associated with a third condition and a fourth condition (and third and fourth operations that are initiated upon detection of the third and fourth conditions). As one example application, the first actuation regionmay be selectable to zoom a camera in a first direction at a first speed (first condition and first operation) and zoom the camera in the first direction at a second speed (second condition and second operation), while the second actuation regionmay be selectable to zoom the camera in a second direction at a first speed (third condition and third operation) and zoom the camera in the second direction at a second speed (fourth condition and fourth operation). The device may be configured with other conditions and corresponding operations as well. Moreover, the particular conditions at which operations are initiated or triggered and the operations themselves may be dynamic, and may differ based on a state or mode of operation of the device (e.g., an application that is being executed, a user interface that is being displayed, etc.).

214 211 210 As noted above, the sensing elementsmay be configured to produce a signal that varies continuously with the force applied to the input member. In some cases, the device may perform an operation in a manner that is scaled relative to the signal from a sensing element. For example, a rate of change of a parameter may be scaled relative to the amount of deflection indicated by the sensing element (e.g., a harder press results in greater deformation and thus a greater rate of change of the parameter). As one example, a rate of change of device volume may be scaled based on the deflection (e.g., corresponding to the force applied to the button). As another example, a rate of change of zoom level for a camera may be scaled based on the deflection. Deflection need not only be used to scale rates of change. For example, a value of a parameter may be scaled based on the force applied to the input button. As an example, during an operation to set a screen brightness, the brightness value may be scaled based on the deflection (e.g., a higher deflection results in a higher brightness setting).

214 214 214 As noted above, a device may determine whether a particular input satisfies a condition based at least in part on signals or information from sensing elements(which may be strain sensing elements). Determining whether an input satisfies a condition may be performed in various ways, depending on factors such as the type of sensing element(e.g., strain gauge, piezoresistive element, optical, etc.) and the type of condition being evaluated (e.g., force, deflection, distance, angle, etc.). In some cases, signals from the sensing elementsmay be correlated or associated with certain values, such as force, distance, etc. As one example, a device may determine whether an input force satisfies a force value. In some cases, conditions are based on a value of a signal or other property of the sensing element. As one example, a device may determine whether a voltage measured across a strain gauge satisfies a voltage condition (which generally correlates to the amount of strain or deflection experienced by the strain gauge). Other techniques are also contemplated.

210 210 218 216 218 218 220 218 216 216 211 216 211 218 211 218 220 218 211 218 211 218 211 2 FIG.C The buttonmay also include a haptic actuation system that produces haptic or tactile feedback when the user actuates the button(e.g., when the user presses the button with sufficient force and/or a sufficient distance to cause the device to register an input). The haptic actuation system may include an electromagnetic elementthat is coupled to the beam structure. The electromagnetic elementmay be selectively magnetized to cause the electromagnetic elementto be attracted to a ferromagnetic structure(which is set apart from the electromagnetic elementand the beam structuremore generally by a gap), thereby deflecting the beam structureand moving the input memberthat is coupled to the beam structure. For example, when the device detects an input to the input memberthat satisfies a condition, the device may activate the electromagnetic elementto produce the movement of the input member. The device may then cease activating the electromagnetic element, thereby ceasing the attraction to the ferromagnetic structure. The electromagnetic elementmay be configured to pull the input memberinward, as illustrated in. In other examples, the electromagnetic elementmay be configured to push the input memberoutward. The electromagnetic elementmay also cycle between pushing and pulling the input memberto produce oscillations or other haptic effects.

211 211 210 218 216 211 2 FIG.C The movement of the input member(e.g., the movement of the input memberaway from the user's finger, and the subsequent release of the magnetic force) may be felt to a user as a “click,” which may provide tactile feedback to the user that the input has been registered.illustrates the buttonwhen the electromagnetic elementis activated, resulting in deflection of the beam structureand corresponding movement the input memberinward.

211 211 211 216 218 216 211 211 216 220 216 210 216 220 216 2 FIG.B 2 FIG.C 2 FIG.C The haptic actuation of the input membermay be initiated when the input memberhas been moved a certain distance (and/or in response to any input condition being satisfied), and may move the input membera second distance. For example, as described above, an actuation condition may be satisfied when the device detects an inwards deflection of the beam structure(e.g.,) that satisfies a certain condition (e.g., a strain condition, a distance condition, etc.). In response to detecting that the condition is satisfied, the electromagnetic element(or another suitable actuation system) may cause the beam structureto be deflected further inwards (e.g.,) and then released. In some cases, the actuation condition is satisfied when the inwards deflection of the input memberis between about 20 microns and about 25 microns, and the haptic actuation results in the input memberbeing deflected inwards an additional distance between about 50 microns and about 150 microns. In some cases, the gap between the beam structureand the ferromagnetic structure(or other structure below the beam structure) is between about 150 microns and about 200 microns. The buttonmay be configured such that the deflection caused by the haptic actuation (e.g.,) is less than the gap between the beam structureand the underlying structure (e.g., the ferromagnetic structure), such that the beam structuredoes not contact the underlying structure during the haptic actuation.

218 216 216 216 210 The electromagnetic elementmay be an electromagnet (e.g., a conductive coil optionally surrounding a ferrous or magnetic core). In some cases, the electromagnetic element may be stationary (e.g., positioned off of the beam structure), and may cause the beam structureto deflect by magnetically attracting the beam structure(which may include a ferromagnetic material or element). In some cases, the haptic response of the buttonmay be produced by other actuation systems, including but not limited to solenoids, piezoelectric elements, and actuators (e.g., linear resonant actuators).

210 200 216 200 2 FIG.C The haptic actuation system may be configured to produce haptic outputs in response to various conditions being satisfied. In some cases, haptic outputs are produced in response to the satisfaction of input conditions of the button. For example, as described above, a device may perform different operations in response to different input conditions being satisfied (e.g., different force and/or deflection thresholds being met). Haptic outputs may be produced in response to the satisfaction of the conditions to provide an indication to the user that the conditions have been satisfied (e.g., that the input has been recognized by the device). In circumstances where the deviceis configured to respond to a single condition (e.g., a single force or deflection threshold), the haptic actuation system may produce a haptic output when the condition is satisfied (e.g., by moving the beam structureas described with respect to). In circumstances where the deviceis configured to respond to multiple conditions (e.g., two different force or deflection thresholds), the haptic actuation system may produce a first haptic output when a first condition is satisfied (e.g., a first deflection or force threshold) and a second haptic output when a second condition is satisfied (e.g., a second deflection or force threshold different from the first). In some cases, whether the device is configured to respond to one or multiple conditions (and thus produce one or multiple haptic outputs) may depend on a state or mode of operation of the device (e.g., an application that is being executed, a user interface that is being displayed, etc.).

Haptic outputs may also have different durations. The particular duration of a haptic output may depend on various factors, including but not limited to a state or mode of operation of the device (e.g., an application that is being executed, a user interface that is being displayed, etc.), a type of input condition that is satisfied and/or triggers the haptic output, an amount of force applied to the button, a duration of an input, and the like. For example, when a device is in a state in which an input to the button is configured to change a ringer volume (e.g., increase or decrease ringer volume), the haptic output in response to an input (e.g., an input satisfying a particular condition) may have a longer duration than when the input button is configured to capture an image (e.g., a shutter button mode).

2 2 FIGS.A-C 216 213 216 213 212 216 216 211 211 illustrate a button in which the beam structureis coupled, at its ends, to the housing. However, other configurations are also contemplated. For example, in some cases, the beam structuremay be coupled to the housingor otherwise constrained at a location between the posts, such that the ends of the beam structureare cantilevered and/or otherwise unconstrained. In such cases, the ends of the beam structuremay be deflected (e.g., downwards) in response to force inputs applied to the input member. Moreover, one or more haptic actuation systems may cause the ends of the beam structure to be deflected, which may cause the input memberto move to produce a haptic output. The haptic actuation system(s) may be configured to selectively deflect one or the other end of the beam structure, or may be configured to deflect both ends substantially simultaneously and equally.

3 FIG.A 1 1 FIGS.A-C 300 300 116 is a partial cross-sectional view of an example buttonthat uses a sensing system (e.g., a strain sensing system) and a haptic actuation system. The buttonmay generally correspond to the buttonin, or any other button described herein.

300 302 312 1 312 2 303 302 206 208 2 2 FIGS.A-C The buttonincludes an input memberthat includes or defines include posts-,-that extend through holes formed in a housing. The input membermay be a unitary structure that defines a first actuation region and a second actuation region (e.g., the first and second actuation regions,in), which may be visually and/or tactilely distinct from one another (e.g., by a channel, ridge, groove, marking, bump, etc.).

312 316 316 317 1 314 1 317 2 314 2 319 319 316 319 316 The postsare coupled to a beam structurewithin the device. The beam structuremay include a first compliant segment-with a first sensing element-and a second compliant segment-with a second sensing element-. The first and second compliant segments may be separate components that are coupled to an actuation segment, and are positioned on opposite sides of the actuation segment. The compliant segments may be positioned proximate opposite ends of the beam structure. The actuation segmentmay be positioned between the compliant segments (e.g., at or near a middle of the beam structure).

317 319 316 314 316 317 The first and second compliant segmentsand the actuation segmentmay define the beam structure, and may be rigidly coupled to one another (e.g., via welds, fasteners, etc.). As described above, the sensing elementsmay be or may include strain gauges, or other components or materials that detect deflection of the beam structure(and more particularly, the compliant segments).

319 318 318 301 302 301 318 320 The actuation segmentmay include an electromagnetic element. The electromagnetic elementmay include a conductive coil, which may surround a core, which may be formed from a ferromagnetic material, ferrimagnetic material, or other suitable material (e.g., iron, ferrite, steel, ferrous materials, permanent magnet, etc.). As described above, when tactile feedback (e.g., haptic output) is to be produced at the input member, the conductive coilmay be energized, which causes the electromagnetic elementto be attracted to a ferromagnetic structure.

302 316 324 324 316 302 316 316 317 324 302 316 316 319 316 316 302 316 320 300 303 322 The input membermay be coupled to the beam structurevia fasteners(e.g., screws). The fastenersmay secure the input member to the beam structuresuch that input forces applied to the input memberare transferred to the beam structure. The input forces that are transferred to the beam structureresult in the compliant segmentsdeforming in response to the input force. Further, the fastenerssecure the input memberto the beam structuresuch that deformations of the beam structureproduced by the actuation segment(e.g., pulling the beam structuretowards the interior of the device or otherwise imparting a force to the beam structure) result in translation of the input memberto produce a haptic output. The beam structure(and optionally the ferromagnetic structureand other structures and components of the button) may be coupled to the device housingvia fasteners.

3 FIG.B 3 FIG.A 3 3 300 302 316 324 323 316 312 1 323 317 1 319 is a detail view of areaB-B in, the button, illustrating an example coupling between the input memberand the beam structure. As shown, a fastener(e.g., a threaded fastener) extends through a holethat is formed through the beam structure, and into a hole defined in the post-. As shown, the holemay be defined by a first hole extending through the compliant segment-and a second hole extending through the actuation segment.

324 302 316 302 316 302 302 316 302 302 326 327 324 316 329 324 316 302 316 302 302 316 3 FIG.B In some cases, the fastenermay be configured to retain the input memberto the beam structurewithout rigidly coupling the input memberto the beam structure. By allowing some degree of movement between these components, the likelihood of the input memberbinding, racking, or otherwise interfering with other structures may be reduced while also allowing the input memberto impart a force onto the beam structure(e.g., as a result of an input to the input member) and allowing the beam structure to impart a force on the input member(e.g., to produce haptic outputs). This may be achieved by a gapbetween a headof the fastenerand the beam structure, as well as a gapbetween a shaft of the fastenerand the hole surface of the beam structure. The gaps may allow the input memberto move relative to the beam structureduring inputs and haptic outputs, which ultimately allows the input memberto self-locate to a non-binding and/or non-interfering position. The gaps may allow movement of the input memberin multiple directions relative to the beam structure(e.g., vertically and horizontally, as oriented in).

302 326 302 316 302 316 316 302 The size of the gaps may be selected so the movement of the input memberduring inputs and haptic outputs is greater than the gaps. For example, the gapmay be between about 10 and about 50 microns, while an input may move the input memberbetween about 100 and about 200 microns, and a haptic actuation system may be configured to move the beam structurebetween about 100 and about 200 microns. Thus, the movements of the components produced by inputs and outputs will close any gaps while also allowing sufficient engagement between the components to transfer forces between the components (e.g., so the input membercan deflect the beam structurein response to an input and the beam structurecan move the input memberto produce a haptic output).

302 316 313 302 303 In examples where the input memberis not rigidly coupled to the beam structure, the sealing member(e.g., an O-ring) may provide a centering force to position the input memberin a target position relative to the housing.

328 327 324 316 328 324 316 319 316 316 316 326 302 328 324 328 328 316 324 3 FIG.B In some cases, a bushingmay be provided between the headof the fastenerand the beam structure. The bushingmay be configured to provide a more compliant interface between the fastenerand the beam structureduring inputs and haptic outputs. For example, in order to produce a haptic output, the actuation segmentof the beam structuremay be energized such that the beam structureis pulled downward (relative to the orientation in). This downward movement causes the beam structureto close the gapand begin pulling the input memberdownward. The bushingmay reduce friction between the beam structure and the fastenerduring this engagement, and may also reduce audible noise that might otherwise occur due to the contact between these components. The bushingmay be formed of or include a polymer material (e.g., nylon, polyethylene terephthalate (PET)), or any other suitable material. The bushingmay be adhered to or otherwise attached to the beam structureor the fastener, or it may be free-floating between the components.

324 302 327 315 312 324 321 315 312 324 326 The fastenerand the input membermay define a fixed-length region between the headof the fastener and the endof the post. For example, the fastenermay define a shoulderthat contacts the endof the postto define a maximum insertion distance of the fastener. When secured to the maximum insertion distance, the gaphaving the target size may be defined between the components.

3 3 FIGS.C andD 3 FIG.C 300 316 320 330 314 330 314 330 317 330 316 320 332 332 330 314 330 301 319 330 301 314 314 301 are perspective views of a portion of the button, including the beam structure, the ferromagnetic structure, and a flexible circuit elementthat conductively couples sensing elements to other components (e.g., a processing system, another circuit element, etc.). As shown in, sensing elementsmay be coupled to a flexible circuit element, and the sensing elementsand/or the flexible circuit elementmay be coupled to the compliant segments. The flexible circuit elementmay wrap around the beam structureand the ferromagnetic structure, and may include or define a connectoralong the side of the button components. The connectormay conductively couple the flexible circuit element(and thus the sensing elements) to other circuitry within the device. The flexible circuit elementmay also be conductively coupled to the conductive coilin the actuation segment. The flexible circuit elementmay carry signals for the conductive coiland the sensing elements, including signals from the sensing elementsreflective of input forces, and signals to the conductive coilto energize the coil to produce haptic outputs.

3 3 FIGS.A-D 4 FIG. 300 300 400 402 400 402 400 400 210 300 402 illustrate an example buttonthat includes two visually (and tactilely) distinct input regions on the input member, and that can distinguish between inputs applied to the different input regions. In some cases, a button that includes a single input region may use the same or similar design as the button.illustrates an example buttonthat includes an input memberthat does not include multiple visually and/or tactilely distinct input regions. The buttonmay be used where the button is configured to respond in a certain way regardless of where, on the input member, an input is applied, or where visual and/or tactile differentiation is not desired. As described herein, while the buttondoes not include multiple visually and/or tactilely distinct input regions, the buttonmay use the same or similar structures as the buttons,, and may therefore distinguish between inputs applied to different location on the input member(e.g., determine the location of an input), and may cause a device to perform different actions based on the location of the input.

4 FIG. 1 1 FIGS.A-C 400 400 120 116 120 120 is a partial cross-sectional view of an example buttonthat uses a sensing system (e.g., a strain sensing system) and a haptic actuation system. The buttonmay generally correspond to the buttonin, or any other button described herein. While the buttonmay include multiple actuation regions, the buttonmay include a single actuation region. The buttonmay control a power or “wake” state of a device.

400 402 412 1 412 2 403 402 400 402 400 402 The buttonincludes an input memberthat includes or defines include posts-,-that extend through holes formed in a housing. The input membermay define a single input region or input surface, and as described above, the buttonmay be configured to respond in the same way to inputs that satisfy a condition, regardless of the location of the input on the input member. In some cases, however, the buttonmay determine a location of an input and may perform different operations based on the location. Further, in some cases, gesture inputs applied to the input membermay be detected.

412 416 316 417 1 414 1 417 2 414 2 419 417 419 416 414 416 417 The postsare coupled to a beam structurewithin the device. The beam structuremay include a first compliant segment-with a first sensing element-and a second compliant segment-with a second sensing element-. The first and second compliant segments may be separate components that are coupled to an actuation segment. The first and second compliant segmentsand the actuation segmentmay define the beam structure, and may be rigidly coupled to one another (e.g., via welds, fasteners, etc.). As described above, the sensing elementsmay be or may include strain gauges, or other components or materials that detect deflection of the beam structure(and more particularly, the compliant segments).

419 418 418 401 402 401 418 420 The actuation segmentmay include an electromagnetic element. The electromagnetic elementmay include a conductive coil, which may surround a core, which may be formed from a ferromagnetic material, ferrimagnetic material, or other suitable material (e.g., iron, ferrite, steel, ferrous materials, permanent magnet, etc.). As described above, when tactile feedback (e.g., haptic output) is to be produced at the input member, the conductive coilmay be energized, which causes the electromagnetic elementto be attracted to a ferromagnetic structure.

402 416 424 424 416 402 416 416 417 424 402 416 416 419 416 416 402 416 420 400 403 422 The input membermay be coupled to the beam structurevia fasteners(e.g., screws). The fastenersmay secure the input member to the beam structuresuch that input forces applied to the input memberare transferred to the beam structure. The input forces that are transferred to the beam structureresult in the compliant segmentsdeforming in response to the input force. Further, the fastenerssecure the input memberto the beam structuresuch that deformations of the beam structureproduced by the actuation segment(e.g., pulling the beam structuretowards the interior of the device or otherwise imparting a force to the beam structure) result in translation of the input memberto produce a haptic output. The beam structure(and optionally the ferromagnetic structureand other structures and components of the button) may be coupled to the device housingvia fasteners.

400 210 300 400 210 300 402 400 402 400 400 400 400 402 402 The operation of the buttonmay be generally the same as described with respect to the buttonsand, and the description of those buttons will be understood to apply equally to the button. Moreover, the buttons,may be configured with an asymmetrical input member, similar to the input member. As noted above, while the buttonmay be configured to detect or determine a location of an input on the input member, the button(or a device that incorporates the button) may not use the location as a condition or to otherwise determine how to respond. In some cases, the button(or a device that incorporates the button) may be configured to detect gesture inputs. In such cases, if a movement of the input along the input memberis detected (e.g., from a user swiping while applying some force to the input member), the device may perform one operation (e.g., change a device parameter in accordance with a property of the movement), and if no movement is detected, the device may perform a different operation (e.g., toggle a sleep/awake mode of the device).

5 5 FIGS.A-G 508 510 508 118 510 116 illustrate an example device with switchand button, showing various ways in which inputs to the input systems may control operations of the device. The switchmay correspond to or be an embodiment of the switch, while the buttonmay correspond to or be an embodiment of the button. Both input systems may have the same or similar structures and functions of the corresponding input systems described herein.

5 FIG.A 5 FIG.A 5 FIG.A 5 FIG.A 500 518 506 518 508 510 508 508 510 516 512 500 513 516 510 514 illustrates the devicewhile a first graphical outputis displayed on a display. In this example, the graphical outputincludes a list of objects, but this is merely one example of graphical outputs that may be displayed while inputs are received at the input systems,.illustrates an example mode of operation in which the switchis configured to change a ringer mode of the device, such as between a ring mode and a silent mode. In some cases, the device inis in a ring mode (e.g., the ringer is configured to produce audio output in response to an incoming call or other notification), which may correspond to the switchbeing positioned in a first position.further illustrates an example mode of operation in which pressing the buttonchanges a ringer volume of the device. For example, in response to an inputapplied to the first input regionthat satisfies a condition (e.g., a threshold force or deflection), the deviceincreases a ringer volume, as indicated by the ringer volume indicator(which may increase as shown by the dotted arrow). The speed at which the volume changes may vary based on the force of the input, as described above. (More generally, the force of an input, as detected by the button, may be used to scale some parameter of a device operation, such as a speed of volume change, a speed of scroll, a speed of optical zoom, a screen brightness level, etc.) In this mode, an input applied to the second input regionmay cause the ringer volume to decrease.

5 FIG.B 5 FIG.A 5 FIG.B 520 510 512 514 520 520 516 516 512 514 As noted above, buttons as described herein may be configured to detect gesture inputs. The device may be configured to differentiate gesture inputs from press or force inputs and can perform different operations when the different inputs are detected.illustrates a gesture input, such as an upward swipe along the surface of the button, and which may extend across both the first and second input regions,. In response to detecting the gesture input(e.g., based on the deflections caused on a beam structure by the force of the gesture input), the device may perform a different operation than the inputin. In this example, the operation includes scrolling the list of displayed items. Whileillustrates the scrolling operation in response to a gesture input, scrolling operations may also be initiated in response to a button press (such as the input). For example, a press on the input regionmay result in a scroll in a first direction, and a press on the input regionmay result in a scroll in a second direction opposite the first (optionally with the magnitude of the force of the inputs controlling the speed of the scroll operations).

5 5 FIGS.C-F 508 510 illustrate how the function of one button may depend on a mode of operation of the device, where the mode of operation of the device is selected by a different input system. For example, the switchmay be used to change a mode of operation of the device, and the function of the buttonmay be different in each mode.

5 FIG.C 500 500 508 508 508 500 500 524 500 illustrates the devicewhile the deviceis in a first mode of operation (e.g., a ringer mode in which audible outputs are produced in response to calls or other alerts) and an input is received at the switch. In particular, moving the switchto a different position (or otherwise actuating the switchor other input system) while the device is in the first mode, the devicetransitions from the first mode (e.g., the ring mode) to a second mode (e.g., a silent mode in which an audio output is not produced in response to an incoming call or other alert). The devicemay produce a graphical indicationindicating the change in the mode of the devicefrom the ring mode to the silent mode.

5 FIG.D 500 523 510 523 500 500 529 illustrates the devicewhile the device is in the second mode of operation (e.g., the silent mode) and an inputis received at the button. In accordance with a determination that the inputsatisfies a condition (e.g., a force or deflection condition), the devicemay perform an operation, such as changing the audio output volume of the device (e.g., increasing or decreasing audio output volume), without changing or affecting the ringer mode. Thus, for example, an audio playback volume may be changed, but the ringer may remain off. While the audio output volume is being changed, the devicemay display an audio output volume indicator(which may increase as shown by the dotted arrow).

5 FIG.E 500 500 508 508 508 500 500 521 500 illustrates the devicewhile the deviceis in the second mode of operation (e.g., a silent mode) and an input is received at the switch. In particular, moving the switchto a different position (or otherwise actuating the switchor other input system) while the device is in the second mode, the devicetransitions from the second mode (e.g., the silent mode) to the first mode (e.g., a ring mode). The devicemay produce a graphical indicationindicating the change in the mode of the devicefrom the silent mode to the ring mode.

5 FIG.F 500 508 527 510 527 500 513 510 508 508 510 508 510 508 510 508 illustrates the devicewhile the device is in the first mode of operation (e.g., the ring mode, having been transitioned to the first mode by the input to the switch) and an inputis received at the button. In accordance with a determination that the inputsatisfies a condition (e.g., a force or deflection condition), the devicemay perform an operation, such as increasing the ringer output volume of the device (as indicated by the ringer volume indicator). Thus, the function of the buttondepends on a mode of operation that is selected by the switch. While the foregoing example describes the functions of the input systems as changing a ringer mode and changing an audio output or ringer volume, the same principles may apply to other modes as well. For example, the inputs to the switchmay affect other modes and inputs to the buttonmay change other device functions or parameters. For example, an input to the switchmay cause the device to transition to a haptic-alert mode in which the phone produces haptic outputs in response to incoming calls or notifications, and in that mode, the buttonmay cycle through different haptic output patterns. As another example, inputs to the switchmay cause the device to transition between different applications, and the buttonmay have different application-specific functions depending on the application selected by the switch.

5 FIG.G 1 FIG.A 500 511 120 510 500 506 526 511 510 530 510 532 528 511 511 510 illustrates the devicein a mode whereby both the button(which may be an embodiment of or otherwise correspond to the buttonin) and the buttonhave application-specific functions, such as an image capture mode. In this mode, the devicemay be configured to capture an image (e.g., video or still), and the displaymay show a live previewof the scene being captured by a camera of the device. In this mode, the buttonmay be configured as a shutter button, while the buttonmay be configured as a zoom control button. Accordingly, an inputto a first actuation region of the buttonmay cause the camera to zoom in, and an inputto a second actuation region may cause the camera to zoom out (and the force of the inputs may affect a speed of the zoom operation). An inputto the buttonmay cause the camera to capture the image. This is merely one example of button functions for the buttons,, and other functions are also contemplated and may differ based on the mode or state of the device.

6 FIG. 600 600 100 100 200 500 600 601 602 608 603 605 604 609 610 611 612 606 depicts an example schematic diagram of an electronic device. The electronic devicemay be an embodiment of or otherwise represent the device(or other devices described herein, such as the devices,, and). The deviceincludes one or more processing unitsthat are configured to access a memoryhaving instructions stored thereon. The instructions or computer programs may be configured to perform one or more of the operations or functions described with respect to the electronic devices described herein. For example, the instructions may be configured to control or coordinate the operation of one or more displays, one or more touch sensors, one or more force sensors, one or more communication channels, one or more audio input systems, one or more audio output systems, one or more positioning systems, one or more sensors, and/or one or more haptic feedback devices.

601 601 601 6 FIG. The processing unitsofmay be implemented as any electronic device capable of processing, receiving, or transmitting data or instructions. For example, the processing unitsmay include one or more of: a microprocessor, a central processing unit (CPU), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (DSP), or combinations of such devices. As described herein, the term “processor” is meant to encompass a single processor or processing unit, multiple processors, multiple processing units, or other suitably configured computing element or elements. The processing unitsmay be coupled to a circuit board assembly.

602 600 602 The memorycan store electronic data that can be used by the device. For example, a memory can store electrical data or content such as, for example, audio and video files, images, documents and applications, device settings and user preferences, programs, instructions, timing and control signals or data for the various modules, data structures or databases, and so on. The memorycan be configured as any type of memory. By way of example only, the memory can be implemented as random access memory, read-only memory, Flash memory, removable memory, or other types of storage elements, or combinations of such devices.

603 603 603 603 603 600 603 600 603 605 The touch sensorsmay detect various types of touch-based inputs and generate signals or data that are able to be accessed using processor instructions. The touch sensorsmay use any suitable components and may rely on any suitable phenomena to detect physical inputs. For example, the touch sensorsmay be capacitive touch sensors, resistive touch sensors, acoustic wave sensors, or the like. The touch sensorsmay include any suitable components for detecting touch-based inputs and generating signals or data that are able to be accessed using processor instructions, including electrodes (e.g., electrode layers), physical components (e.g., substrates, spacing layers, structural supports, compressible elements, etc.), processors, circuitry, firmware, and the like. The touch sensorsmay be integrated with or otherwise configured to detect touch inputs applied to any portion of the device. For example, the touch sensorsmay be configured to detect touch inputs applied to any portion of the devicethat includes a display (and may be integrated with a display). The touch sensorsmay operate in conjunction with the force sensorsto generate signals or data in response to touch inputs. A touch sensor or force sensor that is positioned over a display surface or otherwise integrated with a display may be referred to herein as a touch-sensitive display, force-sensitive display, or touchscreen.

605 605 605 605 605 605 603 605 600 605 600 605 603 116 120 300 400 510 511 605 The force sensorsmay detect various types of force-based inputs and generate signals or data that are able to be accessed using processor instructions. The force sensorsmay use any suitable components and may rely on any suitable phenomena to detect physical inputs. For example, the force sensorsmay be strain-based sensors, piezoelectric-based sensors, piezoresistive-based sensors, capacitive sensors, resistive sensors, or the like. The force sensorsmay include any suitable components for detecting force-based inputs and generating signals or data that are able to be accessed using processor instructions, including electrodes (e.g., electrode layers), physical components (e.g., substrates, spacing layers, structural supports, compressible elements, etc.), processors, circuitry, firmware, and the like. The force sensorsmay be used in conjunction with various input mechanisms to detect various types of inputs. For example, the force sensorsmay be used to detect presses or other force inputs that satisfy a force threshold (which may represent a more forceful input than is typical for a standard “touch” input). Like the touch sensors, the force sensorsmay be integrated with or otherwise configured to detect force inputs applied to any portion of the device. For example, the force sensorsmay be configured to detect force inputs applied to any portion of the devicethat includes a display (and may be integrated with a display). The force sensorsmay operate in conjunction with the touch sensorsto generate signals or data in response to touch- and/or force-based inputs. Force sensors may also be integrated into button assemblies to detect force inputs applied to input members, as described herein. For example, buttons,,,,,may include or utilize force sensors(e.g., strain-based force sensors).

600 606 606 606 606 600 116 120 300 400 510 511 606 The devicemay also include one or more haptic devices(e.g., the haptic actuation systems of the buttons described herein). The haptic devicemay include one or more of a variety of haptic technologies such as, but not necessarily limited to, rotational haptic devices, linear actuators, piezoelectric devices, vibration elements, and so on. In general, the haptic devicemay be configured to provide punctuated and distinct feedback to a user of the device. More particularly, the haptic devicemay be adapted to produce a knock or tap sensation and/or a vibration sensation. Such haptic outputs may be provided in response to detection of touch and/or force inputs, and may be imparted to a user through the exterior surface of the deviceand/or input members of buttons, as described herein. For example, buttons,,,,,may include or utilize haptic devices, and haptic outputs may be imparted to a user through the input members of the buttons.

604 601 604 604 601 604 The one or more communication channelsmay include one or more wireless interface(s) that are adapted to provide communication between the processing unit(s)and an external device. The one or more communication channelsmay include antennas (e.g., antennas that include or use housing components as radiating members), communications circuitry, firmware, software, or any other components or systems that facilitate wireless communications with other devices. In general, the one or more communication channelsmay be configured to transmit and receive data and/or signals that may be interpreted by instructions executed on the processing units. In some cases, the external device is part of an external communication network that is configured to exchange data with wireless devices. Generally, the wireless interface may communicate via, without limitation, radio frequency, optical, acoustic, and/or magnetic signals and may be configured to operate over a wireless interface or protocol. Example wireless interfaces include radio frequency cellular interfaces (e.g., 2G, 3G, 4G, 4G long-term evolution (LTE), 5G, GSM, CDMA, or the like), fiber optic interfaces, acoustic interfaces, Bluetooth interfaces, infrared interfaces, USB interfaces, Wi-Fi interfaces (e.g., for communicating using Wi-Fi communication standards and/or protocols, including IEEE 802.11, 802.11b, 802.11a, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6, 6E), 802.11be (Wi-Fi 7), or any other suitable Wi-Fi standards and/or protocols), TCP/IP interfaces, network communications interfaces, or any conventional communication interfaces. The one or more communications channelsmay also include ultra-wideband (UWB) interfaces, which may include any appropriate communications circuitry, instructions, and number and position of suitable UWB antennas.

6 FIG. 600 607 600 607 600 607 607 607 600 As shown in, the devicemay include a batterythat is used to store and provide power to the other components of the device. The batterymay be a rechargeable power supply that is configured to provide power to the device. The batterymay be coupled to charging systems (e.g., wired and/or wireless charging systems) and/or other circuitry to control the electrical power provided to the batteryand to control the electrical power provided from the batteryto the device.

600 608 608 608 608 103 506 The devicemay also include one or more displaysconfigured to display graphical outputs. The displaysmay use any suitable display technology, including liquid crystal displays (LCD), organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), active-matrix organic light-emitting-diode displays (AMOLED), or the like. The displays may use a low temperature polycrystalline silicone (LTPS) or low temperature polycrystalline oxide (LTPO) backplane. The displaysmay display graphical user interfaces, images, icons, or any other suitable graphical outputs. The displaymay correspond to a display,, or other displays described herein.

600 609 609 The devicemay also provide audio input functionality via one or more audio input systems. The audio input systemsmay include microphones, transducers, or other devices that capture sound for voice calls, video calls, audio recordings, video recordings, voice commands, and the like.

600 610 610 610 The devicemay also provide audio output functionality via one or more audio output systems (e.g., speakers). The audio output systemsmay produce sound from voice calls, video calls, streaming or local audio content, streaming or local video content, or the like. The audio output systemsmay also produce audible alerts, ringtones, or the like.

600 611 611 600 611 611 600 600 600 600 The devicemay also include a positioning system. The positioning systemmay be configured to determine the location of the device. For example, the positioning systemmay include magnetometers, gyroscopes, accelerometers, optical sensors, cameras, global positioning system (GPS) receivers, inertial positioning systems, or the like. The positioning systemmay be used to determine spatial parameters of the device, such as the location of the device(e.g., geographical coordinates of the device), measurements or estimates of physical movement of the device, an orientation of the device, or the like.

600 612 The devicemay also include one or more additional sensors(also referred to as sensing systems) to receive inputs (e.g., from a user or another computer, device, system, network, etc.) or to detect any suitable property or parameter of the device, the environment surrounding the device, people, or things interacting with the device (or nearby the device), or the like. For example, a device may include temperature sensors, biometric sensors (e.g., fingerprint sensors, facial recognition systems, photoplethysmographs, blood-oxygen sensors, blood sugar sensors, or the like), eye-tracking sensors, proximity sensors, depth sensors (e.g., time-of-flight based depth or distance sensors), ambient light sensors, retinal scanners, humidity sensors, buttons, switches, lid-closure sensors, or the like.

6 FIG. 600 600 600 600 To the extent that multiple functionalities, operations, and structures described with reference toare disclosed as being part of, incorporated into, or performed by the device, it should be understood that various embodiments may omit any or all such described functionalities, operations, and structures. Thus, different embodiments of the devicemay have some, none, or all of the various capabilities, apparatuses, physical features, modes, and operating parameters discussed herein. Further, the systems included in the deviceare not exclusive, and the devicemay include alternative or additional systems, components, modules, programs, instructions, or the like, that may be necessary or useful to perform the functions described herein.

As described above, one aspect of the present technology is the gathering and use of data available from various sources to improve the usefulness and functionality of devices such as tablet computers and mobile phones. The present disclosure contemplates that in some instances, this gathered data may include personal information data that uniquely identifies or can be used to contact or locate a specific person. Such personal information data can include demographic data, location-based data, telephone numbers, email addresses, twitter IDs, home addresses, data or records relating to a user's health or level of fitness (e.g., vital signs measurements, medication information, exercise information), date of birth, or any other identifying or personal information.

The present disclosure recognizes that the use of such personal information data, in the present technology, can be used to the benefit of users. For example, the personal information data can be used to locate devices, deliver targeted content that is of greater interest to the user, or the like. Further, other uses for personal information data that benefit the user are also contemplated by the present disclosure. For instance, health and fitness data may be used to provide insights into a user's general wellness, or may be used as positive feedback to individuals using technology to pursue wellness goals.

The present disclosure contemplates that the entities responsible for the collection, analysis, disclosure, transfer, storage, or other use of such personal information data will comply with well-established privacy policies and/or privacy practices. In particular, such entities should implement and consistently use privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining personal information data private and secure. Such policies should be easily accessible by users, and should be updated as the collection and/or use of data changes. Personal information from users should be collected for legitimate and reasonable uses of the entity and not shared or sold outside of those legitimate uses. Further, such collection/sharing should occur after receiving the informed consent of the users. Additionally, such entities should consider taking any needed steps for safeguarding and securing access to such personal information data and ensuring that others with access to the personal information data adhere to their privacy policies and procedures. Further, such entities can subject themselves to evaluation by third parties to certify their adherence to widely accepted privacy policies and practices. In addition, policies and practices should be adapted for the particular types of personal information data being collected and/or accessed and adapted to applicable laws and standards, including jurisdiction-specific considerations. For instance, in the US, collection of or access to certain health data may be governed by federal and/or state laws, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA); whereas health data in other countries may be subject to other regulations and policies and should be handled accordingly. Hence different privacy practices should be maintained for different personal data types in each country.

Despite the foregoing, the present disclosure also contemplates embodiments in which users selectively block the use of, or access to, personal information data. That is, the present disclosure contemplates that hardware and/or software elements can be provided to prevent or block access to such personal information data. For example, in the case of advertisement delivery services, the present technology can be configured to allow users to select to “opt in” or “opt out” of participation in the collection of personal information data during registration for services or anytime thereafter. In addition to providing “opt in” and “opt out” options, the present disclosure contemplates providing notifications relating to the access or use of personal information. For instance, a user may be notified upon downloading an app that their personal information data will be accessed and then reminded again just before personal information data is accessed by the app.

Moreover, it is the intent of the present disclosure that personal information data should be managed and handled in a way to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use. Risk can be minimized by limiting the collection of data and deleting data once it is no longer needed. In addition, and when applicable, including in certain health related applications, data de-identification can be used to protect a user's privacy. De-identification may be facilitated, when appropriate, by removing specific identifiers (e.g., date of birth, etc.), controlling the amount or specificity of data stored (e.g., collecting location data at a city level rather than at an address level), controlling how data is stored (e.g., aggregating data across users), and/or other methods.

Therefore, although the present disclosure broadly covers use of personal information data to implement one or more various disclosed embodiments, the present disclosure also contemplates that the various embodiments can also be implemented without the need for accessing such personal information data. That is, the various embodiments of the present technology are not rendered inoperable due to the lack of all or a portion of such personal information data. For example, content can be selected and delivered to users by inferring preferences based on non-personal information data or a bare minimum amount of personal information, such as the content being requested by the device associated with a user, other non-personal information available to the content delivery services, or publicly available information.

The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the specific details are not required in order to practice the described embodiments. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of the specific embodiments described herein are presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not targeted to be exhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. Also, when used herein to refer to positions of components, the terms above, below, over, under, left, or right (or other similar relative position terms), do not necessarily refer to an absolute position relative to an external reference, but instead refer to the relative position of components within the figure being referred to. Similarly, horizontal and vertical orientations may be understood as relative to the orientation of the components within the figure being referred to, unless an absolute horizontal or vertical orientation is indicated.

Features, structures, configurations, components, techniques, etc. shown or described with respect to any given figure (or otherwise described in the application) may be used with features, structures, configurations, components, techniques, etc. described with respect to other figures. For example, any given figure of the instant application should not be understood to be limited to only those features, structures, configurations, components, techniques, etc. shown in that particular figure. Similarly, features, structures, configurations, components, techniques, etc. shown only in different figures may be used or implemented together. Further, features, structures, configurations, components, techniques, etc. that are shown or described together may be implemented separately and/or combined with other features, structures, configurations, components, techniques, etc. from other figures or portions of the instant specification. Further, for ease of illustration and explanation, figures of the instant application may depict certain components and/or sub-assemblies in isolation from other components and/or sub-assemblies of an electronic device, though it will be understood that components and sub-assemblies that are illustrated in isolation may in some cases be considered different portions of a single electronic device (e.g., a single embodiment that includes multiple of the illustrated components and/or sub-assemblies).