Bios Entitlement Retention System and Method for Motherboard Replacement Using Qr Codes

As the value and use of information continues to increase, individuals and businesses seek additional ways to process and store information. One option is an information handling system (IHS). An IHS generally processes, compiles, stores, and/or communicates information or data for business, personal, or other purposes. Because technology and information handling needs and requirements may vary between different applications, IHSs may also vary regarding what information is handled, how the information is handled, how much information is processed, stored, or communicated, and how quickly and efficiently the information may be processed, stored, or communicated. The variations in IHSs allow for IHSs to be general or configured for a specific user or specific use such as financial transaction processing, airline reservations, enterprise data storage, global communications, etc. In addition, IHSs may include a variety of hardware and software components that may be configured to process, store, and communicate information and may include one or more computer systems, data storage systems, and networking systems.

One particular business aspect that has benefited from cloud based service models has been customer service. Corporations have invested relatively large amounts of resources to ensure their products are readily available and that their customers receive the best service. While it is known that customer relations do not end with the sale of the product, servicing customers after the purchase of a product can also be a major challenge to the vendor or manufacturer of that product. For example, the product or a component of that product provided by the vendor may require repair and/or replacement after the product is placed in service at the customer site. It would be beneficial to the vendor to ensure that any faulty products or product components are promptly repaired and/or replaced to ensure customer satisfaction.

In most IHSs, low-level code is used as an intermediary between hardware components and the Operating System (OS), as well as other high-level software. In some IHSs, this low-level code is known as the Basic Input/Output System (BIOS). The BIOS provides a set of software routines that allow high-level software to interact with hardware components using standard calls. Because of certain limitations of the original BIOS, a new specification for creating code that is responsible for booting the IHS has been developed that is called the Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) Specification, and which has been extended by the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface Forum (UEFI).

The EFI Specification describes an interface between the OS and the system firmware. In particular, the EFI Specification defines the interface that platform firmware must implement and the interface that the OS may use in booting. The EFI Specification also specifies that protocols should be provided for EFI drivers to communicate with each other. An EFI protocol is an interface definition provided by an EFI driver. The EFI core provides protocols for allocation of memory, creating events, setting the clock, and the like.

Computer motherboards typically include firmware and an associated firmware interface, such as a basic input/output system (BIOS) or unified extensible firmware interface (UEFI). Users can configure the firmware after purchase beyond the motherboard's default settings. Firmware can also be customized for various configurations or purposes. For example, a rack server may be sold to different customers in which each customer has unique BIOS entitlements. Additionally, a vendor can preload different BIOS entitlements stored in firmware in advance for different customers.

Systems and methods for providing a BIOS entitlement retention system that may be used for motherboard replacement using a QR code. According to one embodiment, an Information Handling System (IHS) includes computer-executable instructions to, when a replacement motherboard is booted for the first time, retrieve, from a QR code, one or more Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) entitlements associated with the IHS, configure a BIOS on the replacement motherboard using the BIOS entitlements, and complete booting of the IHS into a normal mode of operation.

According to another embodiment, a BIOS entitlement retention method includes the steps of, when a replacement motherboard is booted for the first time, retrieving, from a QR code, one or more Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) entitlements associated with an Information Handling System (IHS), configuring a BIOS on the replacement motherboard using the BIOS entitlements, and completing booting of the IHS into a normal mode of operation.

According to yet another embodiment, a BIOS entitlement retention system includes an Information Handling System (IHS) with a processor, and a memory coupled to the processor, the memory having program instructions stored thereon that, upon execution, cause the IHS to, when a replacement motherboard is booted for the first time, retrieve, from a QR code, one or more Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) entitlements associated with the HIS, configure a BIOS on the replacement motherboard using the BIOS entitlements, and complete booting of the IHS into a normal mode of operation.

The present disclosure is described with reference to the attached figures. The figures are not drawn to scale, and they are provided merely to illustrate the disclosure. Several aspects of the disclosure are described below with reference to example applications for illustration. It should be understood that numerous specific details, relationships, and methods are set forth to provide an understanding of the disclosure. The present disclosure is not limited by the illustrated ordering of acts or events, as some acts may occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other acts or events. Furthermore, not all illustrated acts or events are required to implement a methodology in accordance with the present disclosure.

System hardware components of an IHS, such as CPUs, DIMMs, PICe Cards (e.g., Graphics, Network, WiFi, etc.), SSD/HDD devices and the like may need replacement and/or updating for assorted reasons, such as to enable an upgrade to a faster processor, faster memory, and/or faster graphics. Other reasons for replacing components may be to support the latest internal bus technologies, such as ATA/133 or Serial ATA, to enable to use external peripherals using USB or FireWire technology, to increase expansion slot potential, and the like. Additionally, a motherboard upgrade may also be performed for distinct reasons, including to meet latest technology requirements.

A motherboard can be considered to be the backbone of an IHS; that is, one that provides a platform for connecting many components (e.g., CPU, GPU, memory, etc.) and peripheral devices (e.g., NIC cards) used by an IHS. The motherboard can be important both in terms of system performance and connectivity. Nevertheless, motherboard replacement can be a burdensome affair, particularly due to custom entitlements that need to be transferred from the previous motherboard to the replacement motherboard. For example, firmware (e.g., BIOS, UEFI, etc.) on an Information Handling System (IHS) can be customized from its default settings. If a particular default setting is not what a user desires, the user may be required to perform multiple steps on multiple machines to reconfigure the firmware. For example, the customer may be required to search for or create a configuration update file for use with the firmware manipulation or flashing utility. Then the specific procedures for that motherboard and/or firmware should be followed to install the configuration update file, such as a firmware update to flash the BIOS. This process, however, can present difficulties in cost and time to deploy, as well as pose a risk that the process does not complete properly and renders the firmware unusable. These risks may be compounded when a customer desires to update or configure new default firmware settings on multiple devices.

For IHS vendors, Reliable, Accessible and Serviceable (RAS) is a key pillar of product quality and providing seamless, secure, and reduced downtime possesses significant value to IHS customers and addresses their current pain points reported for part replacement scenarios. For example, DELL TECHNOLOGIES, which is a vendor of high quality IHSs that span across a broad range of product offerings, has reported approximately 3.2 million motherboard replacements in the field during fiscal year 2022, and each motherboard replacement has yielded a pain point due to the necessity of manually migrating the custom BIOS and/or UEFI settings from the previous motherboard to the replacement motherboard.

The motherboard may fail for several reasons, thus needing replacement. For example, electrical spikes and surges caused by problems with electrical wiring, problems with the power service outside the house, or the result of a lightning strike may damage the motherboard to the point that it needs replacement. Additionally, dust, pet hair and debris may block air circulation that keeps the machine cool, thus causing the motherboard to overheat. Overheating of the motherboard can also occur due to gaming, rendering video, watching videos, fluctuations in power supply, laptop heatsink blocked with dust, and the like. The motherboard may also incur manufacturer design defects. Motherboards are mass produced and there are chances that manufacturing defects may occur. Another motherboard failure may include a Power On Self Test (POST) failure in which the IHS does not boot to DXE phase due to SPI flash corruption, a condition whose only option may be to dispatch a new motherboard for replacement.

After the motherboard is dispatched using conventional techniques, there has heretofore been no intelligence available to copy the BIOS entitlements of a previous motherboard to a new replacement motherboard. Example BIOS entitlements may include any flash update revision checks, BKC attributes, OS/VM context configurations, and the like. If the mother board replacement is not handled properly, the certificates/keys inside the UEFI secure boot database may be lost such that the security context cannot be restored back to the same level as with the previous mother board. Additionally, if BIOS Security configurations (e.g., Secure Boot/TPM On/Thunderbolt Security, Custom Boot Order variables, etc.) are not restored, then platform custom security settings may be restored to factory defaults such that the user sees a change in security behavior. Firmware actions to previously reported telemetry events, such as firmware tampering, Root of Trust (ROT), and the like may be lost, and thus firmware remediation actions will become difficult while unexpected behavior may be observed on the IHS. Upon loosing vendor support (e.g., SupportAssist or Excalibur profiles), BIOSConnect URLs, HTTPs TLS certificates, the platform may lose the capability of recovery remediation functionality, thus needing to be reconfigured again. Considering a virtual environment, the host Operating System (OS) and Virtual Machine (VM) settings saved into UEFI NVRAM would be set to factory default, which forces the user to reconfigure the entitlements. As will be described in detail herein below, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution to the aforementioned problems, among others, using a BIOS entitlement retention system and method for motherboard replacement using a QR code such that some, most, or all BIOS entitlements may be retained in a replacement motherboard.

For purposes of this disclosure, an IHS may include any instrumentality or aggregate of instrumentalities operable to compute, calculate, determine, classify, process, transmit, receive, retrieve, originate, switch, store, display, communicate, manifest, detect, record, reproduce, handle, or utilize any form of information, intelligence, or data for business, scientific, control, or other purposes. For example, an IHS may be a personal computer (e.g., desktop or laptop), tablet computer, mobile device (e.g., Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) or smart phone), server (e.g., blade server or rack server), a network storage device, or any other suitable device and may vary in size, shape, performance, functionality, and price. An IHS may include Random Access Memory (RAM), one or more processing resources such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU) or hardware or software control logic, Read-Only Memory (ROM), and/or other types of nonvolatile memory.

Additional components of an IHS may include one or more disk drives, one or more network ports for communicating with external devices as well as various I/O devices, such as a keyboard, a mouse, touchscreen, and/or a video display. An IHS may also include one or more buses operable to transmit communications between the various hardware components. An example of an IHS is described in more detail below.

1 FIG. 100 100 104 106 108 110 104 108 104 104 110 108 illustrates an example BIOS entitlement retention systemthat may be used for motherboard replacement using a QR code according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The BIOS entitlement retention systemgenerally involves an IHSonto which a previous motherboardis to be replaced with a replacement motherboard. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a QR codeconfigured on the IHSmay store BIOS entitlement information, such that, when the replacement motherboardis installed on the IHS, and the IHSis booted, information in the QR codemay be used to configure the BIOS entitlements into the replacement motherboard.

110 104 110 104 110 104 104 110 104 104 106 106 110 110 106 106 110 106 108 106 104 The QR codemay be configured on the IHSat any suitable location. While the present embodiment shows the QR codeas being affixed to an exterior surface of the housing of the IHS, in other embodiments, the QR codemay be disposed at other locations on the IHS, such as on an interior surface of the housing of the IHS. In a particular embodiment, the QR codemay be configured on the housing of the IHSat a relatively hard-to-find location, such as on an interior surface of the housing of the IHSunderneath the previous motherboardsuch that the previous motherboardneeds to be removed from the housing in order to access the QR code. In another embodiment, the QR codemay be affixed directly to the previous motherboard, such as on a small, flat surface portion of the previous motherboard. In such a case, the QR codemay be removed from the previous motherboardand transferred to the replacement motherboardwhen it replaces the previous motherboardin the IHS.

116 104 104 104 104 116 110 118 116 104 106 108 116 110 104 104 108 108 Generally speaking, when a userorders a new IHS, the vendor of the IHSassembles the IHS, generates one or more BIOS entitlements associated with the IHS, such as those that may be based upon a contractual agreement with the user, and stores information associated with the BIOS entitlements in the QR codeat the vendor site. Later on when the userrequests service from the vendor of the IHS, such as a service that involves replacing the previous motherboard, the vendor ships the replacement motherboardto the customer. In one embodiment, the QR codemay include human-readable information for a user, such as a user of the IHSor a service technician who maintains the IHS, to identify and manually set the BIOS entitlements for the replacement motherboard. That is, the QR code provides the user with a partial and/or full list of parameters that need to be changed during the field replacement. The user can use the information from the QR code to program the replacement motherboardduring the deployment process, thus re-enabling the customer's entitlements.

110 104 108 110 104 108 108 112 108 104 112 108 112 100 In another embodiment, the QR codemay include computer-readable information so that an application or service running on the IHSor another separate, and distinct IHS may automatically configure the replacement motherboard, based on the parameters specified in the QR code. For example, a field technician may connect wirelessly or via a wired method, to the IHSunder repair, to digitally program the replacement motherboard. For example, the replacement motherboardmay be configured with executable code that knows where the BIOS entitlementsare stored, such that when the replacement motherboardis installed on the IHSand booted for the first time, the code may be executed to access the BIOS entitlements, and configure the replacement motherboardwith those BIOS entitlements. Additional details of the BIOS entitlement retention systemwill be described in detail herein below.

For purposes of this disclosure, an IHS may include any instrumentality or aggregate of instrumentalities operable to compute, calculate, determine, classify, process, transmit, receive, retrieve, originate, switch, store, display, communicate, manifest, detect, record, reproduce, handle, or utilize any form of information, intelligence, or data for business, scientific, control, or other purposes. For example, an IHS may be a personal computer (e.g., desktop or laptop), tablet computer, mobile device (e.g., Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) or smart phone), server (e.g., blade server or rack server), a network storage device, or any other suitable device and may vary in size, shape, performance, functionality, and price. An IHS may include Random Access Memory (RAM), one or more processing resources such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU) or hardware or software control logic, Read-Only Memory (ROM), and/or other types of nonvolatile memory.

2 FIG. 1 FIG. 104 100 104 104 104 201 205 104 201 201 is a block diagram illustrating components of an example IHSthat may be configured to provide the BIOS entitlement retention systemaccording to one embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, IHSmay be incorporated in whole, or part, as IHSof. As shown, IHSincludes one or more processors, such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU), that execute code retrieved from system memory. Although IHSis illustrated with a single processor, other embodiments may include two or more processors, that may each be configured identically, or to provide specialized processing operations. Processormay include any processor capable of executing program instructions, such as an Intel Pentium™ series processor or any general-purpose or embedded processors implementing any of a variety of Instruction Set Architectures (ISAs), such as the x86, POWERPC®, ARM®, SPARC®, or MIPS® ISAs, or any other suitable ISA.

2 FIG. 201 218 201 218 201 218 205 104 204 205 201 201 201 In the embodiment of, processorincludes an integrated memory controllerthat may be implemented directly within the circuitry of processor, or memory controllermay be a separate integrated circuit that is located on the same die as processor. Memory controllermay be configured to manage the transfer of data to and from the system memoryof IHSvia high-speed memory interface. System memorythat is coupled to processorprovides processorwith a high-speed memory that may be used in the execution of computer program instructions by processor.

205 201 205 205 Accordingly, system memorymay include memory components, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), NAND Flash memory, suitable for supporting high-speed memory operations by the processor. In certain embodiments, system memorymay combine both persistent, non-volatile memory and volatile memory. In certain embodiments, system memorymay include multiple removable memory modules.

104 203 201 201 203 203 203 201 203 201 202 104 202 202 2 FIG. IHSutilizes chipsetthat may include one or more integrated circuits that are connected to processor. In the embodiment of, processoris depicted as a component of chipset. In other embodiments, all of chipset, or portions of chipsetmay be implemented directly within the integrated circuitry of the processor. Chipsetprovides processor(s)with access to a variety of resources accessible via bus. In IHS, busis illustrated as a single element. Various embodiments may utilize any number of separate buses to provide the illustrated pathways served by bus.

104 216 104 216 104 216 104 In various embodiments, IHSmay include one or more I/O portsthat may support removable couplings with diverse types of external devices and systems, including removable couplings with peripheral devices that may be configured for operation by a particular user of IHS. For instance, I/Oports may include USB (Universal Serial Bus) ports, by which a variety of external devices may be coupled to IHS. In addition to or instead of USB ports, I/O portsmay include diverse types of physical I/O ports that are accessible to a user via the enclosure of the IHS.

203 210 211 216 104 209 210 211 104 211 210 104 210 211 In certain embodiments, chipsetmay additionally utilize one or more I/O controllersthat may each support the operation of hardware components such as user I/O devicesthat may include peripheral components that are physically coupled to I/O portand/or peripheral components that are wirelessly coupled to IHSvia network interface. In various implementations, I/O controllermay support the operation of one or more user I/O devicessuch as a keyboard, mouse, touchpad, touchscreen, microphone, speakers, camera and other input and output devices that may be coupled to IHS. User I/O devicesmay interface with an I/O controllerthrough wired or wireless couplings supported by IHS. In some cases, I/O controllersmay support configurable operation of supported peripheral devices, such as user I/O devices.

201 104 203 203 209 104 222 223 209 222 223 222 223 203 104 As illustrated, a variety of additional resources may be coupled to the processor(s)of the IHSthrough the chipset. For instance, chipsetmay be coupled to network interfacethat may support diverse types of network connectivity. IHSmay also include one or more Network Interface Controllers (NICs)and, each of which may implement the hardware required for communicating via a specific networking technology, such as Wi-Fi, BLUETOOTH, Ethernet and mobile cellular networks (e.g., CDMA, TDMA, LTE). Network interfacemay support network connections by wired network controllersand wireless network controllers. Each network controllerandmay be coupled via various buses to chipsetto support diverse types of network connectivity, such as the network connectivity utilized by IHS.

203 208 213 207 207 104 207 201 207 208 213 104 Chipsetmay also provide access to one or more display device(s)andvia graphics processor. Graphics processormay be included within a video card, graphics card or within an embedded controller installed within IHS. Additionally, or alternatively, graphics processormay be integrated within processor, such as a component of a system-on-chip (SoC). Graphics processormay generate Display information and provide the generated information to one or more Display device(s)and, coupled to IHS.

208 213 104 208 213 208 213 207 104 202 207 208 213 104 One or more Display devicesandcoupled to IHSmay utilize LCD, LED, OLED, or other Display technologies. Each Display deviceandmay be capable of receiving touch inputs such as via a touch controller that may be an embedded component of the Display deviceandor graphics processor, or it may be a separate component of IHSaccessed via bus. In some cases, power to graphics processor, integrated Display deviceand/or external Display devicemay be turned off, or configured to operate at minimal power levels, in response to IHSentering a low-power state (e.g., standby).

104 208 104 213 104 213 216 104 208 213 As illustrated, IHSmay support an integrated Display device, such as a Display integrated into a laptop, tablet, 2-in-1 convertible device, or mobile device. IHSmay also support use of one or more external Display devices, such as external monitors that may be coupled to IHSvia distinct types of couplings, such as by connecting a cable from the external Display devicesto external I/O portof the IHS. In certain scenarios, the operation of integrated displaysand external displaysmay be configured for a particular user. For instance, a particular user may prefer specific brightness settings that may vary the Display brightness based on time of day and ambient lighting conditions.

203 201 219 219 104 104 219 219 104 219 219 209 Chipsetalso provides processorwith access to one or more storage devices. In various embodiments, storage devicemay be integral to IHSor may be external to IHS. In certain embodiments, storage devicemay be accessed via a storage controller that may be an integrated component of the storage device. Storage devicemay be implemented using any memory technology allowing IHSto store and retrieve data. For instance, storage devicemay be a magnetic hard disk storage drive or a solid-state storage drive. In certain embodiments, storage devicemay be a system of storage devices, such as a cloud system or enterprise data management system that is accessible via network interface.

104 217 203 202 104 201 217 104 217 104 As illustrated, IHSalso includes Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)that may be stored in a non-volatile memory accessible by chipsetvia bus. Upon powering or restarting IHS, processor(s)may utilize BIOSinstructions to initialize and test hardware components coupled to the IHS. BIOSinstructions may also load an operating system (OS) (e.g., WINDOWS, MACOS, IOS, ANDROID, LINUX, etc.) for use by IHS.

217 104 BIOSprovides an abstraction layer that allows the operating system to interface with the hardware components of the IHS. The Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) was designed as a successor to BIOS. As a result, many modern IHSs utilize UEFI in addition to or instead of a BIOS. As used herein, BIOS is intended to also encompass UEFI.

104 214 214 212 104 201 207 205 214 104 As illustrated, certain IHSembodiments may utilize sensor hubcapable of sampling and/or collecting data from a variety of sensors. For instance, sensor hubmay utilize hardware resource sensor(s), which may include electrical current or voltage sensors, and that are capable of determining the power consumption of various components of IHS(e.g., CPU, GPU, system memory, etc.). In certain embodiments, sensor hubmay also include capabilities for determining a location and movement of IHSbased on triangulation of network signal information and/or based on information accessible via the OS or a location subsystem, such as a GPS module.

214 215 104 104 104 In some embodiments, sensor hubmay support proximity sensor(s), including optical, infrared, and/or sonar sensors, which may be configured to provide an indication of a user's presence near IHS, absence from IHS, and/or distance from IHS(e.g., near-field, mid-field, or far-field).

214 104 214 201 203 214 104 2 2 In certain embodiments, sensor hubmay be an independent microcontroller or other logic unit that is coupled to the motherboard of IHS. Sensor hubmay be a component of an integrated system-on-chip incorporated into processor, and it may communicate with chipsetvia a bus connection such as an Inter-Integrated Circuit (IC) bus or other suitable type of bus connection. Sensor hubmay also utilize an IC bus for communicating with various sensors supported by IHS.

104 220 104 220 201 104 220 104 104 As illustrated, IHSmay utilize embedded controller (EC), which may be a motherboard component of IHSand may include one or more logic units. In certain embodiments, ECmay operate from a separate power plane from the main processorsand thus the OS operations of IHS. Firmware instructions utilized by ECmay be used to operate a secure execution system that may include operations for providing various core functions of IHS, such as power management, management of operating modes in which IHSmay be physically configured and support for certain integrated I/O functions.

220 221 104 104 104 220 214 224 ECmay also implement operations for interfacing with power adapter sensorin managing power for IHS. These operations may be utilized to determine the power status of IHS, such as whether IHSis operating from battery power or is plugged into an AC power source (e.g., whether the IHS is operating in AC-only mode, DC-only mode, or AC+DC mode). In some embodiments, ECand sensor hubmay communicate via an out-of-band signaling pathway or bus.

104 104 201 2 FIG. 2 FIG. 2 FIG. In various embodiments, IHSmay not include each of the components shown in. Additionally, or alternatively, IHSmay include various additional components in addition to those that are shown in. Furthermore, some components that are represented as separate components inmay in certain embodiments instead be integrated with other components. For example, in certain embodiments, all or a portion of the functionality provided by the illustrated components may instead be provided by components integrated into the one or more processor(s)as an SoC.

3 FIG. 2 FIG. 108 100 108 302 304 108 304 304 302 108 304 108 220 illustrates several components of the motherboardthat may be used to implement the BIOS entitlement retention systemaccording to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The motherboardincludes a BIOSthat stores a BIOS entitlement transferal servicethat may implement the automated technique for retaining BIOS entitlements for replacement motherboard. The BIOS entitlement transferal servicegenerally includes executable instructions stored in a BIOS portion of memory. While the BIOS entitlement transferal serviceis shown as being implemented on a BIOSportion of the motherboard, it should be appreciated that the BIOS entitlement transferal servicemay be implemented on any suitable component of the motherboard, such as on the embedded controlleras described above with reference to.

104 108 304 104 108 304 104 104 304 104 110 104 110 304 110 304 104 210 216 When the IHSis booted with the replacement motherboardfor the first time, the BIOS entitlement transferal servicemay provide certain actions to have the BIOS entitlements uniquely associated with the IHSto be transferred to the motherboard. For example, the BIOS entitlement transferal servicemay place the IHSin a service mode in which normal operation of the IHSis inhibited until the BIOS entitlements are successfully transferred. Additionally, the BIOS entitlement transferal servicemay communicate with a camera (e.g., one configured on the IHS) for accessing the BIOS entitlement information stored on the QR codein order to have the entitlements for that IHStransferred. In one embodiment, the BIOS entitlements may be encrypted on the QR codeso that their contents cannot be manipulated or otherwise corrupted in any manner. For example, the BIOS entitlement transferal servicemay include an encryption key that may be used to decrypt the encrypted BIOS entitlement information stored on the QR code. Additionally, the BIOS entitlement transferal servicemay inhibit the IHSfrom communicating with any other device via the I/O controlleror I/O portsuntil the BIOS entitlements have been successfully transferred.

4 FIG. 3 FIG. 400 110 400 304 400 104 illustrates an example BIOS entitlement retention methodthat may be used for a motherboard replacement using a QR codeaccording to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Additionally or alternatively, the BIOS entitlement retention methodmay be performed in whole or in part by the BIOS entitlement transferal servicedescribed above with reference to. The methodmay be performed at any suitable time, such as during a boot process and before normal operation of the IHSis allowed to occur.

402 406 108 104 402 404 108 406 110 110 104 104 110 104 116 408 104 Steps-generally described actions that may be taken during manufacture of the motherboard, and/or at some time before the IHShas been delivered to the customer. At step, the motherboard is manufactured. Thereafter at step, the BIOS default values are set in the motherboard, and at step, BIOS entitlements are written to a QR code. That is, the BIOS entitlements are generated and stored in a QR codeand configured on (e.g., attached or affixed to) the IHS, such as when it is manufactured by the vendor of the IHS. In some embodiments, the BIOS entitlements may be generated and stored in the QR codeand configured on the IHS, such as when it is custom configured for use by the user. Thereafter at step, the IHSis deployed at the customer site.

410 412 108 410 108 108 116 412 108 108 116 414 108 104 Steps-generally describe steps that may be taken to replace the previously installed motherboard with the replacement motherboard. At step, the vendor (e.g., manufacturer of the motherboard) receives an order for a new replacement motherboardfrom the customer (e.g., user). Thereafter at step, the motherboardand service technician are dispatched to the customer site. In some embodiments, the motherboardmay be sent to the customer site independently of any service technician so that the customer (e.g., user) can perform the replacement. At step, the previous motherboard is replaced with replacement motherboard, and the BIOS is set to a service mode. The service mode generally describes a mode of operation in which normal operation of the IHSis inhibited from normal use in that only certain operations can be performed.

416 430 108 416 430 108 104 Steps-describe certain steps that may be taken to transfer the BIOS entitlements to the newly installed motherboard. In one embodiment, steps-may be taken during a first boot of the replacement motherboard, and when the IHSis in the service mode.

416 116 304 110 116 110 304 110 104 110 304 At step, the service technician, user, or BIOS entitlement transferal serviceretrieves BIOS entitlements from the QR code. In one embodiment, the BIOS entitlements are in human-readable form. For example, the service technician or usercould use a camera on a smartphone to read the BIOS entitlements, or a camera configured on a laptop computer could be used. If the BIOS entitlements are encrypted on the QR code, the smartphone or laptop computer may use an application to decrypt the BIOS entitlements. In another embodiment, the BIOS entitlements may exist in computer-readable form such that the BIOS entitlement transferal serviceautomatically retrieves the BIOS entitlements from the QR code, such as with a camera coupled to the IHS. If the BIOS entitlements are encrypted on the QR code, the BIOS entitlement transferal servicemay decrypt the BIOS entitlements.

418 108 304 104 104 304 304 104 At step, the BIOS entitlements are configured on replacement motherboard. If the BIOS entitlements exist in human-readable form, for example, the BIOS entitlement transferal servicemay present a Graphical User Interface (GUI) on a display of the IHSwith one or more prompts for manual entry of the BIOS entitlements by the user (e.g., service technician or user of the IHS). If, on the other hand, the BIOS entitlements are stored in computer-readable form, the BIOS entitlement transferal servicemay automatically configure the BIOS entitlements in the replacement motherboard. In some embodiments, the BIOS entitlement transferal servicemay present a GUI that prompts the user for manual input as to whether certain BIOS entitlements may be manually entered such as may be the case where certain BIOS entitlements may be temporal in nature (e.g., a BIOS entitlement expires when a warranty for the IHSexpires).

420 400 304 304 400 104 422 104 104 424 104 At step, the motherboard replacement methodmay determine whether the configuration is successful. For example, the BIOS entitlement transferal servicemay perform a sanity check to ensure certain combinations of BIOS entitlements are consistent with one another. Furthering this example, the BIOS entitlement transferal servicemay verify that the BIOS entitlements are consistent with a certain type of customer. If the BIOS entitlements configuration is successful, the BIOS entitlement retention methodcompletes booting the IHSsuch that it goes into a normal mode of operation at step. If, however, the configuration is not successful, booting of the IHSis disabled and the booting of the IHSis halted at step. At this point, the service technician may perform one or more remedial actions to correct the incorrect configuration so that the IHSmay be allowed to go to a normal mode of operation.

400 108 104 400 400 The aforedescribed motherboard replacement methodmay be performed each time a motherboardis used to replace a previously installed motherboard in an IHS. Nevertheless, when use of theis no longer needed or desired, the motherboard replacement methodends.

4 FIG. 400 104 400 400 400 400 100 Althoughdescribes an example methodthat may be performed to replace a previously installed motherboard in an IHS, the features of the methodmay be embodied in other specific forms without deviating from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. For example, the methodmay perform additional, fewer, or different operations than those described in the present example. For another example, the methodmay be performed in a sequence of steps different from that described above. As yet another example, certain steps of the methodmay be performed by other components in the IHSother than those described above.

It should be understood that various operations described herein may be implemented in software executed by processing circuitry, hardware, or a combination thereof. The order in which each operation of a given method is performed may be changed, and various operations may be added, reordered, combined, omitted, modified, etc. It is intended that the invention(s) described herein embrace all such modifications and changes and, accordingly, the above description should be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.

The terms “tangible” and “non-transitory,” when used herein, are intended to describe a computer-readable storage medium (or “memory”) excluding propagating electromagnetic signals; but are not intended to otherwise limit the type of physical computer-readable storage device that is encompassed by the phrase computer-readable medium or memory. For instance, the terms “non-transitory computer readable medium” or “tangible memory” are intended to encompass types of storage devices that do not necessarily store information permanently, including, for example, RAM. Program instructions and data stored on a tangible computer-accessible storage medium in non-transitory form may afterwards be transmitted by transmission media or signals such as electrical, electromagnetic, or digital signals, which may be conveyed via a communication medium such as a network and/or a wireless link.

Although the invention(s) is/are described herein with reference to specific embodiments, various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention(s), as set forth in the claims below. Accordingly, the specification and figures are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention(s). Any benefits, advantages, or solutions to problems that are described herein with regard to specific embodiments are not intended to be construed as a critical, required, or essential feature or element of any or all the claims.

Unless stated otherwise, terms such as “first” and “second” are used to arbitrarily distinguish between the elements such terms describe. Thus, these terms are not necessarily intended to indicate temporal or other prioritization of such elements. The terms “coupled” or “operably coupled” are defined as connected, although not necessarily directly, and not necessarily mechanically. The terms “a” and “an” are defined as one or more unless stated otherwise. The terms “comprise” (and any form of comprise, such as “comprises” and “comprising”), “have” (and any form of have, such as “has” and “having”), “include” (and any form of include, such as “includes” and “including”) and “contain” (and any form of contain, such as “contains” and “containing”) are open-ended linking verbs. As a result, a system, device, or apparatus that “comprises,” “has,” “includes” or “contains” one or more elements possesses those one or more elements but is not limited to possessing only those one or more elements. Similarly, a method or process that “comprises,” “has,” “includes” or “contains” one or more operations possesses those one or more operations but is not limited to possessing only those one or more operations.