Display Apparatus and Electronic Apparatus Including the Display Apparatus

This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2024-0097493, filed on Jul. 23, 2024, and all the benefits accruing therefrom under 35 U.S.C. § 119, the content of which in its entirety is herein incorporated by reference.

One or more embodiments relate to a display apparatus, and more particularly, to a display apparatus having improved display quality and an electronic apparatus including the display apparatus.

Display apparatuses may be used in various electronic apparatuses. As an example, display apparatuses may be used as display screens of mobile electronic apparatuses, such as, for example, smartphones. Some display apparatuses may be foldable display apparatuses in which a portion of a display surface thereof is foldable to increase the area of the display surface while reducing an overall size.

However, in the existing display apparatuses, when the display apparatuses are folded, parts where the display apparatuses are folded deform, resulting in a deterioration in display quality.

One or more embodiments include a display apparatus having improved display quality and an electronic apparatus including the display apparatus. Embodiments set forth herein are examples, and embodiments of the disclosure are not limited thereto.

Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the presented embodiments of the disclosure.

According to one or more embodiments, a display apparatus includes a display panel including a display element, a window arranged on the display panel, a window protection layer arranged on the window, a hard coating layer arranged on the window protection layer, a first adhesive layer arranged between the window protection layer and the hard coating layer, and a second adhesive layer arranged between the window and the window protection layer, wherein the display panel includes a first non-folding area, a second non-folding area, and a foldable area between the first non-folding area and the second non-folding area, the first adhesive layer includes a first-1 portion overlapping the first non-folding area, a first-2 portion overlapping the second non-folding area, and a first-3 portion overlapping the foldable area, and a thickness of the first-3 portion is greater than a thickness of each of the first-1 portion and the first-2 portion.

The thickness of the first-3 portion may be about 250 nm to about 400 nm, and the thickness of each of the first-1 portion and the first-2 portion may be about 150 nm to about 200 nm.

The first-1 portion, the first-2 portion, and the first-3 portion may be integrally provided as a single body.

A refractive index of the first adhesive layer may be about 1.5 to about 1.6.

The second adhesive layer may include a second-1 portion overlapping the first non-folding area, a second-2 portion overlapping the second non-folding area, and a second-3 portion overlapping the foldable area, and the thicknesses of the second-1 portion, the second-2 portion, and the second-3 portion may be equal to each other.

The thickness of each of the second-1 portion, the second-2 portion, and the second-3 portion may be about 150 nm to about 200 nm, and a refractive index of the second adhesive layer may be about 1.5 to about 1.6.

According to one or more embodiments, a display apparatus includes a display panel including a display element, a window arranged on the display panel, a window protection layer arranged on the window, a hard coating layer arranged on the window protection layer, a first adhesive layer arranged between the window protection layer and the hard coating layer, and a second adhesive layer arranged between the window and the window protection layer, wherein the display panel includes a first non-folding area, a second non-folding area, and a foldable area between the first non-folding area and the second non-folding area, the second adhesive layer includes a second-1 portion overlapping the first non-folding area, a second-2 portion overlapping the second non-folding area, and a second-3 portion overlapping the foldable area, and a thickness of the second-3 portion is greater than a thickness of each of the second-1 portion and the second-2 portion.

The thickness of the second-3 portion may be about 250 nm to about 400 nm, and the thickness of each of the second-1 portion and the second-2 portion may be about 150 nm to about 200 nm.

The second-1 portion, the second-2 portion, and the second-3 portion may be integrally provided as a single body.

A refractive index of the second adhesive layer may be about 1.5 to about 1.6.

The first adhesive layer may include a first-1 portion overlapping the first non-folding area, a first-2 portion overlapping the second non-folding area, and a first-3 portion overlapping the foldable area, and the thicknesses of the first-1 portion, the first-2 portion, and the first-3 portion may be equal to each other.

The thickness of each of the first-1 portion, the first-2 portion, and the first-3 portion may be about 150 nm to about 200 nm, and a refractive index of the first adhesive layer may be about 1.5 to about 1.6.

According to one or more embodiments, a display apparatus includes a display panel including a display element, a window arranged on the display panel, a window protection layer arranged on the window, a hard coating layer arranged on the window protection layer, a first adhesive layer arranged between the window protection layer and the hard coating layer, and a second adhesive layer arranged between the window and the window protection layer, wherein the display panel includes a first non-folding area, a second non-folding area, and a foldable area between the first non-folding area and the second non-folding area, the first adhesive layer includes a first-1 portion overlapping the first non-folding area, a first-2 portion overlapping the second non-folding area, and a first-3 portion overlapping the foldable area, the second adhesive layer includes a second-1 portion overlapping the first non-folding area, a second-2 portion overlapping the second non-folding area, and a second-3 portion overlapping the foldable area, a thickness of the first-3 portion is greater than a thickness of each of the first-1 portion and the first-2 portion, and a thickness of the second-3 portion is greater than a thickness of each of the second-1 portion and the second-2 portion.

The thickness of the first-3 portion may be about 250 nm to about 400 nm, and the thickness of each of the first-1 portion and the first-2 portion may be about 150 nm to about 200 nm.

The first-1 portion, the first-2 portion, and the first-3 portion may be integrally provided as a single body.

A refractive index of the first adhesive layer may be about 1.5 to about 1.6.

The thickness of the second-3 portion may be about 250 nm to about 400 nm, and the thickness of each of the second-1 portion and the second-2 portion may be about 150 nm to about 200 nm.

The second-1 portion, the second-2 portion, and the second-3 portion may be integrally provided as a single body.

A refractive index of the second adhesive layer may be about 1.5 to about 1.6.

According to one or more embodiments, an electronic apparatus includes a display apparatus, and a housing configured to accommodate the display apparatus and form an appearance of the electronic apparatus, wherein the display apparatus includes a display panel including a display element, a window arranged on the display panel, a window protection layer arranged on the window, a hard coating layer arranged on the window protection layer, a first adhesive layer arranged between the window protection layer and the hard coating layer, and a second adhesive layer arranged between the window and the window protection layer, wherein the display panel includes a first non-folding area, a second non-folding area, and a foldable area between the first non-folding area and the second non-folding area, the first adhesive layer includes a first-1 portion overlapping the first non-folding area, a first-2 portion overlapping the second non-folding area, and a first-3 portion overlapping the foldable area, and a thickness of the first-3 portion is greater than a thickness of each of the first-1 portion and the first-2 portion.

These and/or other aspects will become apparent and more readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, the accompanying drawings, and claims.

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout. In this regard, the present embodiments may have different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the descriptions set forth herein. Accordingly, the embodiments are described herein, by referring to the figures, to explain aspects of the present description. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Throughout the disclosure, the expression “at least one of a, b or c” indicates only a, only b, only c, both a and b, both a and c, both b and c, all of a, b, and c, or variations thereof.

The disclosure may include various embodiments and modifications, and embodiments thereof will be illustrated in the drawings and will be described herein in detail. The effects and features of the disclosure and the accompanying methods thereof will become apparent from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein, and may be embodied in various modes.

In the present specification, it will be understood that although the terms “first,” “second,” and the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These elements are used to distinguish one component from another component.

In the present specification, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

In the present specification, it will be understood that the terms “includes”, “has, “including”, and/or “having” used herein specify the presence of stated features or elements, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features or elements.

In the present specification, the expression “A and/or B” indicates A, B, or A and B. The expression “at least one of A and B” indicates A, B, or A and B.

In the present specification, it will be understood that when a layer, region, or component is referred to as being “formed on” another layer, region, or component, it can be directly or indirectly formed on the other layer, region, or component. That is, for example, intervening layers, regions, or components may be present.

In the present specification, when layers, regions, or components are connected to each other, the layers, the regions, or the components may be directly connected to each other, or another layer, another region, or another component may be interposed between the layers, the regions, or the components and thus the layers, the regions, or the components may be indirectly connected to each other. For example, in the present specification, when layers, regions, or components are electrically connected to each other, the layers, the regions, or the components may be directly electrically connected to each other, or another layer, another region, or another component may be interposed between the layers, the regions, or the components and thus the layers, the regions, or the components may be indirectly electrically connected to each other.

In the present specification, the x-axis, the y-axis and the z-axis are not limited to three axes of the rectangular coordinate system, and may be interpreted in a broader sense. For example, the x-axis, the y-axis, and the z-axis may be perpendicular to one another, or may represent different directions that are not perpendicular to one another.

The terms “about” or “approximately” as used herein are inclusive of the stated value and include a suitable range of deviation for the particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, considering the measurement in question and the error associated with measurement of the particular quantity. The terms “about” or “approximately” can mean within one or more standard deviations, or within ±30%, 20%, 10%, 5% of the stated value, for example.

The term “substantially,” as used herein, means approximately or actually. The term “substantially equal” means approximately or actually equal. The term “substantially the same” means approximately or actually the same. The term “substantially perpendicular” means approximately or actually perpendicular. The term “substantially parallel” means approximately or actually parallel. The term “substantially flat” means approximately or actually flat. The term “substantially planarize” means approximately or actually planarize.

Hereinafter, example embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and in the description with reference to the drawings, the same or corresponding constituents are indicated by the same reference numerals and redundant descriptions thereof are omitted. Sizes of components in the drawings may be exaggerated for convenience of description. For example, since sizes and thicknesses of components in the drawings are arbitrarily illustrated for convenience of description, the following embodiments are not limited thereto.

1 FIG. 2 FIG. 2 1 is a schematic perspective view of an electronic apparatusaccording to an embodiment.is a schematic perspective view of a display apparatusaccording to an embodiment.

1 2 FIGS.and 1 2 As illustrated in, the display apparatusmay display a moving image or a still image, may display a screen, or perform input and output of data in the electronic apparatus.

1 FIG. 1 1 Although it is illustrated inthat the display apparatusis used in a mobile phone as an example, the disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the display apparatusmay be used as a display screen for various electronic apparatuses, such as, for example, a television, a laptop, a monitor, a billboard, and an Internet of things (IoT) device, as well as mobile electronic apparatuses, such as, for example, a mobile phone, a smartphone, a tablet personal computer (PC), a mobile communication terminal, an electronic notebook, an electronic book, a portable multimedia player (PMP), a navigation system, and an ultra mobile PC (UMPC).

1 1 In an embodiment, the display apparatusmay be used in electronic apparatuses such as, for example, wearable devices, for example, smart watches, watch phones, eyeglass displays, and head mounted displays (HMDs). In an embodiment, the display apparatusmay be used as a display for various electronic apparatuses, such as, for example, a center information display (CID) placed on a dashboard of an automobile and a center fascia or dashboard of an automobile, a room mirror display replacing a side mirror of an automobile, or a display placed on the back of a front seat as entertainment for passengers on the rear seat of an automobile.

1 3 2 3 1 2 3 2 1 2 2 1 In an embodiment, the display apparatusmay be accommodated in a housingof the electronic apparatus. The housingmay be a cover that protects internal components, such as, for example, the display apparatus, and forms the appearance of the electronic apparatus. For example, the housingmay form the exterior of the electronic apparatus. In some aspects, the display apparatusmay be connected to an electronic module of the electronic apparatusand driven on the electronic apparatus. Hereinafter, the description will focus on the display apparatus.

2 FIG. 1 FIG. 1 1 1 1 As illustrated in, the display apparatusmay have a polygonal shape including a quadrangle. For example, the display apparatusmay have a rectangular shape having a horizontal length shorter than a vertical length, a rectangular shape having a horizontal length longer than a vertical length, or a square shape. Alternatively, the display apparatusmay have various shapes, such as, for example, an oval or a circle. Although it is illustrated inthat the display apparatushas a rectangular shape having a horizontal length shorter than a vertical length, the disclosure is not limited thereto.

1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 3 FIG. The display apparatusmay include a first surface Sand a second surface S(see) opposite to the first surface S. The display apparatusmay display an image on the first surface S. That is, the first surface Smay include a display surface. In an embodiment, the first surface Smay be the upper surface (in the +z direction) of the display apparatus. The second surface Smay be the lower surface (in the −z direction) of the display apparatus. In some embodiments, the second surface Smay include a display surface, and the display apparatusmay display an image on the second surface S.

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 FIG. 2 FIG. 3 FIG. The display apparatusmay be foldable. That is, at least a portion of the display apparatusmay be flexible, and as the flexible portion is bent, the display apparatusmay be folded. For example, as illustrated in, which is a schematic side view of the display apparatusaccording to an embodiment, the display apparatusmay be folded. That is,is a perspective view illustrating an unfolded state of the display apparatus, andis a side view illustrating a folded state of the display apparatus.

1 1 Accordingly, the display apparatusmay include a folding area and a non-folding area provided on at least one side of the folding area. In the present specification, “non-folding” means not folding, which includes not only a case of not being flexible and hard to be folded, but also a case of having flexibility but not being folded. The display apparatusmay display an image not only in the non-folding area but also in the folding area.

2 FIG. 1 1 2 1 2 As illustrated in, the display apparatusmay include a first non-folding area NFA, a second non-folding area NFA, and a foldable area FA. The first non-folding area NFAand the second non-folding area NFAmay be areas that are not folded, and the foldable area FA may be a flexible area that may be folded.

1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 The foldable area FA may extend in a direction crossing an imaginary straight line connecting the first non-folding area NFAto the second non-folding area NFA. Specifically, when the display apparatusis in an unfolded state, the first non-folding area NFAand the second non-folding area NFAmay be arranged apart from each other in a first direction (e.g., the x direction or the −x direction). The foldable area FA may be between the first non-folding area NFAand the second non-folding area NFA. Specifically, the first non-folding area NFAmay be adjacent to one side of the foldable area FA, and the second non-folding area NFAmay be adjacent to the other side of the foldable area FA. In an example in which the display apparatusis in an unfolded state, the foldable area FA may extend in a second direction (e.g., the y direction or the −y direction) crossing the first direction.

1 1 1 A folding line FL may be provided in the foldable area FA in the second direction (e.g., the y direction or the −y direction) that is an extending direction of the foldable area FA. Accordingly, the display apparatusmay be folded in the foldable area FA. The foldable area FA and the folding line FL of the foldable area FA may overlap an area where an image of the display apparatusis displayed, and when the display apparatusis folded, a portion displaying an image may be folded.

2 FIG. 1 2 1 1 2 1 For convenience of description, it is illustrated inthat the first non-folding area NFAand the second non-folding area NFAhave the same or similar areas and the display apparatushas one foldable area FA. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the first non-folding area NFAand the second non-folding area NFAmay have different areas. In some aspects, the display apparatusmay include a plurality of foldable areas FA. In this case, a plurality of non-folding areas may be apart from each other, and each of the plurality of foldable areas FA may be between the non-folding areas. Each foldable area FA may be folded based on the folding line FL, and a plurality of folding lines FL may be provided.

2 FIG. It is illustrated inthat the folding line FL passes through the center of the foldable area FA and the foldable area FA is line-symmetric with respect to the folding line FL. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the folding line FL may be provided asymmetrically in the foldable area FA.

3 FIG. 1 FIG. 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 3 2 1 1 3 2 As illustrated in, the display apparatusmay be folded such that the first surface Sof the first non-folding area NFAand the first surface Sof the second non-folding area NFAface each other based on the folding line FL. In other words, as the foldable area FA of the display apparatusis bent, the first surface Sof the first non-folding area NFAand the first surface Sof the second non-folding area NFAmay be arranged to face each other. Even when the display apparatusis folded, the foldable area FA may extend in a direction crossing an imaginary straight line connecting the first non-folding area NFAto the second non-folding area NFA. Specifically, when the display apparatusis folded, the foldable area FA may extend in the second direction (e.g., the y direction or the −y direction) crossing an imaginary straight line (e.g., a straight line parallel to the z-axis direction) connecting the first non-folding area NFAto the second non-folding area NFA. The foldable area FA may be unfolded again after being bent. That is, the display apparatusmay be a foldable display apparatus. Although not illustrated in, the housingof the electronic apparatusmay include a hinge or the like such that the display apparatusmay be folded even when the display apparatusis accommodated in the housingof the electronic apparatus.

3 FIG. 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 In the present specification, the term “folded” means that the shape is not fixed and is transformed from an original shape to another shape, for example, the term means that the foldable area FA is folded, curved, or bent along one or more specific lines, that is, the folding line FL. The term “foldable” means that the shape is not fixed and is transformable from an original shape to another shape, for example, the term means that the foldable area FA is foldable or bendable along one or more specific lines, that is, the folding line FL. Therefore, althoughillustrates a folded state in which the first surface Sof the first non-folding area NFAand the first surface Sof the second non-folding area NFAare arranged parallel to each other and face each other, the disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the display apparatusmay be folded such that the first surface Sof the first non-folding area NFAand the first surface Sof the second non-folding area NFAform a certain angle (e.g., an acute angle, a right angle, or an obtuse angle) with the foldable area FA between the first surface Sof the first non-folding area NFAand the first surface Sof the second non-folding area NFA.

3 FIG. 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 In some aspects, although it is illustrated inthat the display apparatusis folded (i.e., in-folded) such that a portion of the first surface Sand another portion of the first surface Sface each other, the disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the display apparatusmay be folded (i.e., out-folded) such that a portion of the second surface Sand another portion of the second surface Sface each other. In other words, the display apparatusmay be in an in-folding form in which the display surface is folded such that portions of the display surface face each other when the display apparatusis folded, or in an out-folding form in which the display surface is exposed to the outside when the display apparatusis folded. Hereinafter, for convenience of description, the case in which the display apparatusis in an in-folding form will be described.

4 FIG. 2 FIG. 1 1 10 20 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a cross-section of the display apparatustaken along line I-I′ of. The display apparatusmay include a display paneland a cover window.

10 10 10 10 The display panelmay display images. To this end, the display panelmay include a plurality of display elements, and the plurality of display elements may emit light. Accordingly, the display panelmay display an image through light emitted from the plurality of display elements. In an embodiment, the display element may be an organic light-emitting diode including an organic emission layer. Alternatively, the display element may be a light-emitting diode (LED). The LED may have a size of a micro scale or a nano scale. For example, the LED may be a micro LED. Alternatively, the LED may be a nanorod LED. The nanorod LED may include gallium nitride (GaN). In an embodiment, a color conversion layer may be arranged on the nanorod LED. The color conversion layer may include quantum dots. Alternatively, the display element may be a quantum dot LED including a quantum dot emission layer. Alternatively, the display element may be an inorganic LED including an inorganic semiconductor. Detailed descriptions of components included in the display panelwill be described later.

1 1 2 1 10 10 1 2 10 1 2 As described herein, the display apparatusmay include a first non-folding area NFA, a second non-folding area NFA, and a foldable area FA. Because the display apparatusincludes the display panel, it may be stated that the display panelhas the first non-folding area NFA, the second non-folding area NFA, and the foldable area FA, as described herein. Hereinafter, for convenience, the display panelwill be described as having the first non-folding area NFA, the second non-folding area NFA, and the foldable area FA.

20 10 20 10 10 10 20 20 10 10 10 20 1 10 The cover windowmay be arranged on the display panel. Specifically, the cover windowmay be arranged on the upper surface (in the +z direction) of the display panel. In this case, the ‘upper surface’ of the display panelmay be defined as a surface facing a direction in which the display panelprovides an image. The cover windowmay be arranged such that the cover windowcovers the upper surface of the display paneland thus may have a function of protecting the upper surface of the display panel. The image displayed by the display panelmay be provided to the user through the cover window. That is, the image provided by the display apparatusmay be understood as being implemented by the display panel.

20 10 1 20 10 20 1 2 The cover windowmay have high transmittance to transmit light emitted from the display paneland may have a small thickness to reduce the weight of the display apparatus. In some aspects, the cover windowmay have a strength (e.g., relatively high strength) and a hardness supportive of protecting the display panelfrom external impact. The cover windowmay include a window W, a window protection layer WP, a hard coating layer HC, a first adhesive layer A, and a second adhesive layer A.

10 Specifically, the window W may be arranged on the display panel. The window W may include glass, sapphire, or plastic. For example, the window W may be ultra-thin glass (UTG®) of which the strength is increased by a method such as, for example, chemical strengthening or thermal strengthening, or may be colorless polyimide (CPI). The window W may have a structure in which a flexible polymer layer is arranged on one side of a glass substrate. In some other embodiments the window W may have a structure composed only of a polymer layer.

In an embodiment, the window W may have a refractive index of about 1.3 to about 1.7. The window W may have a thickness of about 30 μm to about 70 μm.

The window protection layer WP may be arranged on the window W. The window protection layer WP may protect the window W and prevent or reduce scratches from occurring on the upper surface (in the +z direction) of the window W. In an embodiment, the window protection layer WP may include a polymer resin. For example, the window protection layer WP may include at least one of polymer resins, such as, for example, polyethyleneterephthalate (PET), poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polystyrene (PS), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polyvinylchloride (PVC), polyethersulfone (PES), polypropylene (PP), and polyamide (PA).

In an embodiment, the window protection layer WP may have a refractive index of about 1.5 to about 1.7. The window protection layer WP may have a thickness of about 30 μm or about 70 μm.

20 1 20 The hard coating layer HC may be arranged on the window protection layer WP. The hard coating layer HC may be the outermost layer of the cover window. That is, the hard coating layer HC may be the outermost layer of the display apparatus. The hard coating layer HC may be a layer that a user directly touches, and the hard coating layer HC may have a surface which is smooth and soft to the touch. In some aspects, the hard coating layer HC may increase the strength and hardness of the cover window. In an embodiment, the hard coating layer HC may include a polymer resin. For example, the hard coating layer HC may include a silicone-based polymer. However, the material of the hard coating layer HC is not particularly limited, and the hard coating layer HC may include a known hard coating material.

In an embodiment, the hard coating layer HC may have a refractive index of about 1.4 to about 1.5. The hard coating layer HC may have a thickness of about 3 μm to about 7 μm.

20 20 1 2 1 2 Adhesive layers may be arranged between components of the cover windowand combine the components of the cover window. Specifically, a first adhesive layer Amay be arranged between the window protection layer WP and the hard coating layer HC, and a second adhesive layer Amay be arranged between the window W and the window protection layer WP. That is, the hard coating layer HC may be attached to the window protection layer WP by the first adhesive layer A, and the window protection layer WP may be attached to the window W by the second adhesive layer A.

1 2 1 2 The first adhesive layer Aand the second adhesive layer Amay each include an adhesive member, such as, for example, an optically clear adhesive (OCA) or a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA). As the adhesive member, general ones known in the art may be employed without limitation. In an embodiment, the first adhesive layer Amay have a refractive index of about 1.5 to about 1.6. In an embodiment, the second adhesive layer Amay have a refractive index of about 1.5 to about 1.6. The thickness of at least one of the adhesive layers may be different between the non-folding area and the foldable area FA. Specifically, at least one of the adhesive layers may have a larger thickness in the foldable area FA than in the non-folding area. A detailed description of the thicknesses of the adhesive layers will be provided later.

4 FIG. 10 20 20 10 Although not illustrated in, an adhesive member may be arranged between the display paneland the cover window. The cover windowmay be attached to the display panelthrough the adhesive member. As the adhesive member, general ones known in the art may be employed without limitation. For example, the adhesive member may be an OCA or a PSA.

5 FIG. 4 FIG. 5 FIG. 10 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a pixel circuit PC included in the display panelof. The pixel circuit PC may be electrically connected to a display element, and the display element may correspond to a pixel. In, an organic light-emitting diode OLED is illustrated as the display element. In an embodiment, the display element may emit red, green, or blue light.

1 2 2 2 1 2 2 The pixel circuit PC may include a first transistor T, a second transistor T, and a storage capacitor Cst. The second transistor Tis a switching transistor and is connected to a scan line SL and a data line DL. The second transistor Tmay be configured to turn on based on a switching signal input from the scan line SL and transfer a data signal input from the data line DL to the first transistor T. The storage capacitor Cst has one end electrically connected to the second transistor Tand the other end electrically connected to a driving voltage line PL. The storage capacitor Cst may be configured to store a voltage corresponding to a difference between a voltage received from the second transistor Tand a driving power supply voltage ELVDD supplied to the driving voltage line PL.

1 1 The first transistor Tis a driving transistor and is connected to the driving voltage line PL and the storage capacitor Cst. The first transistor Tmay be configured to control the amount of driving current flowing from the driving voltage line PL to the organic light-emitting diode OLED in response to a voltage value stored in the storage capacitor Cst. The organic light-emitting diode OLED may emit light having a certain luminance by the driving current. An opposite electrode of the organic light-emitting diode OLED may receive an electrode power supply voltage ELVSS.

5 FIG. Althoughillustrates that the pixel circuit PC includes two transistors and one storage capacitor, the disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the number of transistors or storage capacitors may be variously changed depending on the design of the pixel circuit PC.

6 FIG. 6 FIG. 10 1 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of the display panelincluded in the display apparatusaccording to an embodiment. As will be recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art, the display panelmay further include various other components in addition to the configuration illustrated in.

6 FIG. 10 100 100 10 100 200 300 400 As illustrated in, the display panelmay include a substrate, and a transistor and a display element formed by several layers formed on the substrate. Specifically, the display panelmay include a substrate, a pixel circuit layer, a display element layer, and an encapsulation layer.

100 100 100 100 100 X X X Y The substratemay include glass, metal or polymer resin. The substratemay be implemented as being flexible or bendable. In this case, the substratemay include a polymer resin, such as, for example, polyethersulphone, polyacrylate, polyetherimide, polyethylenenaphthalate, polyethyleneterephthalate, polyphenylenesulfide, polyarylate, polyimide, polycarbonate, or cellulose acetate propionate. In some aspects, the substratemay be variously modified. For example, the substratemay have a multi-layered structure including two layers including the polymer resin and a barrier layer including an inorganic material (e.g., silicon oxide (SiO), silicon nitride (SiN), or silicon oxynitride (SiON)) between the two layers.

200 100 200 1 2 3 1 6 FIG. The pixel circuit layermay be arranged on the substrate. The pixel circuit layermay include a transistor TFT, an inorganic insulating layer IIL, and an organic insulating layer OIL. The transistor TFT may include a semiconductor layer Act, a gate electrode GE, a source electrode SE, and a drain electrode DE. The inorganic insulating layer IIL may include a gate insulating layer IIL, a first interlayer insulating layer IIL, and a second interlayer insulating layer IIL. For convenience of illustration, one transistor TFT is illustrated in. The transistor TFT may correspond to the first transistor Tdescribed herein.

100 The semiconductor layer Act may be arranged on the substrate. The semiconductor layer Act may include polysilicon. Alternatively, the semiconductor layer Act may include amorphous silicon, an oxide semiconductor, or an organic semiconductor. In an embodiment, the semiconductor layer Act may include a channel region and a source region and a drain region respectively arranged on both sides of the channel region.

1 100 1 X X X Y 2 3 X 2 5 2 X 2 The gate insulating layer IILmay be arranged on the semiconductor layer Act and the substrate. The gate insulating layer IILmay include an inorganic insulating material, such as, for example, silicon oxide (SiO), silicon nitride (SiN), silicon oxynitride (SiON), aluminum oxide (AlO), titanium oxide (TiO), tantalum oxide (TaO), hafnium oxide (HfO), or zinc oxide (ZnOx). Zinc oxide (ZnO) may include zinc oxide (ZnO) and/or zinc peroxide (ZnO).

1 1 The gate electrode GE may be arranged on the gate insulating layer IIL. That is, as the gate insulating layer IILis between the semiconductor layer Act and the gate electrode GE, insulation between the semiconductor layer Act and the gate electrode GE may be secured. The gate electrode GE may overlap the channel region of the semiconductor layer Act. The gate electrode GE may include a low-resistance metal material. In an embodiment, the gate electrode GE may include a conductive material including molybdenum (Mo), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), titanium (Ti), or the like and may have a single-layered or multi-layered structure including the conductive material.

2 1 2 X X X Y 2 3 X 2 5 2 X The first interlayer insulating layer IILmay be arranged on the gate electrode GE and the gate insulating layer IIL. The first interlayer insulating layer IILmay include an inorganic insulating material, such as, for example, SiO, SiN, SiON, AlO, TiO, TaO, HfO, or ZnO.

2 1 2 The source electrode SE and the drain electrode DE may be arranged on the first interlayer insulating layer IIL. Each of the source electrode SE and the drain electrode DE may be connected to the semiconductor layer Act through a contact hole formed in the gate insulating layer IILand the first interlayer insulating layer IIL. At least one of the source electrode SE and the drain electrode DE may include a conductive material including Mo, Al, Cu, Ti, or the like and may have a single-layered or multi-layered structure including the conductive material. In an embodiment, at least one of the source electrode SE and the drain electrode DE may have a multi-layered structure including Ti/Cu/Ti layers.

3 2 3 X X X Y 2 3 X 2 5 2 The second interlayer insulating layer IILmay be arranged on the source electrode SE, the drain electrode DE, and the first interlayer insulating layer IIL. The second interlayer insulating layer IILmay include an inorganic insulating material, such as, for example, SiO, SiN, SiON, AlO, TiO, TaO, HfO, or ZnOx.

3 200 6 FIG. The organic insulating layer OIL may be arranged on the second interlayer insulating layer IIL. The organic insulating layer OIL may substantially planarize an upper surface of the pixel circuit layer. The organic insulating layer OIL may include an organic material, such as, for example, acrylic, benzocyclobutene (BCB), or hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO). Although it is illustrated inthat the organic insulating layer OIL includes a single layer, various modifications, such as, for example, multiple layers, may be made.

300 200 300 310 320 310 310 311 313 312 311 313 310 311 The display element layermay be arranged on the pixel circuit layer. The display element layermay include a display elementand a pixel-defining layer. The display elementmay be electrically connected to the transistor TFT. The display elementmay be, for example, an organic light-emitting diode having a pixel electrode, an opposite electrode, and an intermediate layerplaced between the pixel electrodeand the opposite electrodeand including an emission layer. The fact that the display elementis electrically connected to the transistor TFT may be understood as the fact that the pixel electrodeof the organic light-emitting diode is electrically connected to the transistor TFT.

311 3 311 311 311 2 3 2 3 The pixel electrodemay contact either the source electrode SE or the drain electrode DE through a contact hole formed in the second interlayer insulating layer IILand the organic insulating layer OIL and be electrically connected to the transistor TFT. The pixel electrodemay include a conductive oxide, such as, for example, indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), indium oxide (InO), indium gallium oxide (IGO), or aluminum zinc oxide (AZO). In another embodiment, the pixel electrodemay include a reflective layer including silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), iridium (Ir), chromium (Cr) or a compound thereof. In another embodiment, the pixel electrodemay further include a layer including ITO, IZO, ZnO, or InOabove/below the reflective layer.

320 311 320 311 310 320 320 The pixel-defining layermay cover an edge of the pixel electrode. The pixel-defining layermay have a pixel opening, and the pixel opening may overlap the pixel electrode. The pixel opening may define an emission area of light emitted from the display element. The pixel-defining layermay include an organic insulating material and/or an inorganic insulating material. In some embodiments, the pixel-defining layermay include a light blocking material.

312 311 320 312 312 312 312 312 The intermediate layermay be arranged on the pixel electrodeand the pixel-defining layer. The intermediate layermay include a low molecular weight or high molecular weight material. In an example in which the intermediate layerincludes a low molecular weight material, the intermediate layermay have a structure in which a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), an emission layer (EML), an electron transport layer (ETL), an electron injection layer (EIL), or the like are stacked in a single or complex structure, and may be formed by a vacuum deposition method. In an example in which the intermediate layerincludes a high molecular weight material, the intermediate layermay have a structure including an HTL and an EML. In this case, the HTL may include PEDOT, and the EML may include a high molecular weight material, such as, for example, polyphenylene vinylene (PPV) or polyfluorene

312 312 312 311 311 The intermediate layermay be formed by screen printing, inkjet printing, laser induced thermal imaging (LITI), or the like. However, the intermediate layeris not necessarily limited thereto and may have various structures. Furthermore, the intermediate layermay include a layer across a plurality of pixel electrodesor may include a layer patterned to correspond to each of the plurality of pixel electrodes.

313 312 320 313 311 313 313 2 3 The opposite electrodemay be arranged on the intermediate layerand the pixel-defining layer. The opposite electrodemay be integrally formed in a plurality of organic light-emitting diodes to correspond to a plurality of pixel electrodes. The opposite electrodemay include a light-transmitting conductive layer including ITO, InO, or IZO, and may also include a semi-transmission layer including a metal, such as, for example, Al or Ag. For example, the opposite electrodemay be a semi-transmission layer including Mg or Ag.

310 400 310 310 400 410 420 430 6 FIG. The display elementmay be easily damaged by moisture or oxygen from the outside, and thus, the encapsulation layermay cover the display elementto protect the display element. Referring to, the encapsulation layermay include a first inorganic encapsulation layer, an organic encapsulation layer, and a second inorganic encapsulation layer.

410 313 410 313 410 410 420 410 410 420 420 430 420 X X X Y X X X Y 6 FIG. The first inorganic encapsulation layermay cover the opposite electrodeand may include SiO, SiN, and/or SiON. As applicable based on implementation in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, other layers, such as, for example, a capping layer, may be between the first inorganic encapsulation layerand the opposite electrode. Because the first inorganic encapsulation layeris formed along a structure thereunder, the upper surface of the first inorganic encapsulation layermay not be flat, as illustrated in. The organic encapsulation layermay cover the first inorganic encapsulation layer, and unlike the first inorganic encapsulation layer, the upper surface of the organic encapsulation layermay be substantially flat. The organic encapsulation layermay include one or more materials selected from the group consisting of polyethyleneterephthalate, polyethylenenaphthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyethylenesulfonate, polyoxymethylene, polyarylate, and hexamethyldisiloxane. The second inorganic encapsulation layermay cover the organic encapsulation layerand may include SiO, SiN, and/or SiON.

400 410 420 430 400 410 420 420 430 10 As described herein, the encapsulation layerincludes the first inorganic encapsulation layer, the organic encapsulation layer, and the second inorganic encapsulation layer, and thus, even when a crack occurs in the encapsulation layerthrough the multi-layered structure, the crack may be disconnected between the first inorganic encapsulation layerand the organic encapsulation layeror between the organic encapsulation layerand the second inorganic encapsulation layer. Accordingly, the formation of a path through which moisture or oxygen from the outside penetrates the display panelmay be prevented or reduced.

7 FIG. 4 FIG. 1 1 2 1 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an enlarged portion A of the display apparatusof. As described herein, the thickness of at least one of the first adhesive layer Aand the second adhesive layer Amay be different between the non-folding area and the foldable area FA. Specifically, at least one of the first adhesive layer Aand the second adhesive layer Amay have a larger thickness in the foldable area FA than in the non-folding area.

7 FIG. 1 11 12 13 11 1 12 2 13 11 1 12 2 13 11 12 13 As illustrated in, the first adhesive layer Amay include a first-1 portion A, a first-2 portion A, and a first-3 portion A. The first-1 portion Amay be arranged on the first non-folding area NFA, the first-2 portion Amay be arranged on the second non-folding area NFA, and the first-3 portion Amay be arranged on the foldable area FA In other words, the first-1 portion Amay overlap the first non-folding area NFA, the first-2 portion Amay overlap the second non-folding area NFA, and the first-3 portion Amay overlap the foldable area FA. The first-1 portion A, the first-2 portion A, and the first-3 portion Amay be integrally provided as a single body.

2 21 22 23 21 1 22 2 23 21 1 22 2 23 21 22 23 Similarly, the second adhesive layer Amay include a second-1 portion A, a second-2 portion A, and a second-3 portion A. The second-1 portion Amay be arranged on the first non-folding area NFA, the second-2 portion Amay be arranged on the second non-folding area NFA, and the second-3 portion Amay be arranged on the foldable area FA. In other words, the second-1 portion Amay overlap the first non-folding area NFA, the second-2 portion Amay overlap the second non-folding area NFA, and the second-3 portion Amay overlap the foldable area FA. The second-1 portion A, the second-2 portion A, and the second-3 portion Amay be integrally provided as a single body.

13 11 12 1 11 11 12 12 12 11 13 13 13 11 12 The thickness of the first-3 portion Amay be greater than the thickness of each of the first-1 portion Aand the first-2 portion A. In the present specification, the thickness of a portion means the length of a corresponding portion in a thickness direction (e.g., the z-axis direction) of the display apparatus. Specifically, the first-1 portion Amay have a first-1 thickness T, the first-2 portion Amay have a first-2 thickness T, and the first-2 thickness Tmay be the same as or similar to the first-1 thickness T. The first-3 portion Amay have a first-3 thickness T, and the first-3 thickness Tmay be greater than each of the first-1 thickness Tand the first-2 thickness T.

11 12 13 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 For example, each of the first-1 thickness Tand the first-2 thickness Tmay be about 150 nm to about 200 nm, and the first-3 thickness Tmay be about 250 nm to about 400 nm. In this case, the reflectivity of the foldable area FA of the display apparatusmay be less than the reflectivity of the non-folding area of the display apparatus. Specifically, light incident on the display apparatusmay be reflected at interfaces between components of the display apparatus. Therefore, by adjusting the thickness and refractive index of at least some of the components of the display apparatus, the light reflected at the interfaces between the components of the display apparatusmay be destructively interfered. Accordingly, the reflectivity of the light incident on the display apparatusmay be reduced. Specifically, the reflectivity of the foldable area FA of the display apparatusmay be about 5.5% to about 6.5%, and the reflectivity of the non-folding area of the display apparatusmay be about 6.3% to about 6.8%.

1 10 20 20 1 2 10 1 1 2 10 1 2 1 As described herein, the display apparatusincludes a display paneland a cover window, and the cover windowincludes a window W, a window protection layer WP, a hard coating layer HC, a first adhesive layer A, and a second adhesive layer A. Because the display panel, the window W, the window protection layer WP, and the hard coating layer HC are very thick compared to the adhesive layers, a change in the thicknesses of layers corresponding thereto may not have a significant effect on the reflectivity of light incident on the display apparatus. However, because the first adhesive layer Aand the second adhesive layer Aare very thin compared to the display panel, the window W, the window protection layer WP, and the hard coating layer HC, the first adhesive layer Aand the second adhesive layer Amay have a significant effect on the reflectivity of light incident on the display apparatus.

1 1 1 1 1 1 In general, when the display apparatusis folded, the foldable area FA of the display apparatusmay be deformed. Specifically, when the display apparatusis folded, the foldable area FA of the display apparatusis bent, and thus, compressive stress or tensile stress may be applied to the foldable area FA. The foldable area FA may be deformed by the compressive stress or tensile stress. The deformed foldable area FA may not be restored to its original shape even when the display apparatusis unfolded again. That is, a crease may be formed in the foldable area FA of the display apparatus.

1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 However, in the case of the display apparatusaccording to the present embodiment, the thickness of at least one of the first adhesive layer Aand the second adhesive layer Amay be different between the non-folding area and the foldable area FA. Specifically, at least one of the first adhesive layer Aand the second adhesive layer Amay have a larger thickness in the foldable area FA than in the non-folding area. Accordingly, the reflectivity of the foldable area FA of the display apparatusmay be less than the reflectivity of the non-folding area of the display apparatus. Because the reflectivity of the foldable area FA is less than the reflectivity of the non-folding area of the display apparatus, the crease in the foldable area FA may be less visible to the user. Therefore, the display quality of the display apparatusmay be improved.

23 21 22 21 22 23 21 22 23 In an embodiment, the thickness of the second-3 portion Amay be the same as or similar to the thickness of each of the second-1 portion Aand the second-2 portion A. That is, the thicknesses of the second-1 portion A, the second-2 portion A, and the second-3 portion Amay be the same as or similar to each other. Specifically, the thickness of each of the second-1 portion A, the second-2 portion A, and the second-3 portion Amay be about 150 nm to about 200 nm.

8 FIG. 8 FIG. 8 FIG. 8 FIG. 1 13 13 1 1 2 2 is a graph illustrating the reflectivity of the display apparatusaccording to the thickness of an adhesive layer. Specifically,is a graph illustrating the reflectivity of the foldable area FA according to the thickness of the first-3 portion A. That is, the horizontal axis of the graph ofrepresents the thickness of the first-3 portion A, and the vertical axis of the graph ofrepresents the reflectivity of the foldable area FA of the display apparatus. The refractive index of the first adhesive layer Ais 1.50. The refractive index of the window W is 1.50, and the thickness of the window W is 50 μm. The refractive index of the window protection layer WP is 1.60, and the thickness of the window protection layer WP is 50 μm. The refractive index of the hard coating layer HC is 1.45, and the thickness of the hard coating layer HC is 5 μm. The refractive index of the second adhesive layer Ais 1.50, and the thickness of the second adhesive layer Ais 200 nm.

8 FIG. 13 13 11 12 13 As illustrated in, when the thickness of the first-3 portion Ais about 250 nm to about 400 nm, the reflectivity of the foldable area FA is the lowest. In contrast, for example, when the thickness of the first-3 portion Ais less than 250 nm or more than 400 nm, the reflectivity of the foldable area FA rapidly increases. Because the thickness of each of the first-1 portion Aand the first-2 portion Ais about 150 nm to about 200 nm, when the thickness of the first-3 portion Ais about 250 nm to about 400 nm, the crease of the foldable area FA may be less visible.

9 FIG. 9 FIG. 9 FIG. 9 FIG. 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 is a graph illustrating the reflectivity of the display apparatusaccording to the refractive index of an adhesive layer. Specifically,is a graph illustrating the reflectivity of the foldable area FA according to the refractive index of the first adhesive layer Aand the refractive index of the second adhesive layer A. The horizontal axis of the graph ofrepresents the refractive index of the first adhesive layer Aand the refractive index of the second adhesive layer A, and the vertical axis of the graph ofrepresents the reflectivity of the foldable area FA of the display apparatus. The thickness of the first adhesive layer Ais 150 nm, and the thickness of the second adhesive layer Ais 150 nm. The refractive index of the window W is 1.50, and the thickness of the window W is 50 μm. The refractive index of the window protection layer WP is 1.60, and the thickness of the window protection layer WP is 50 μm. The refractive index of the hard coating layer HC is 1.45, and the thickness of the hard coating layer HC is 5 μm.

9 FIG. 1 2 1 2 1 As illustrated in, when the refractive index of the first adhesive layer Aand the refractive index of the second adhesive layer Aare about 1.5 to about 1.6, the reflectivity of the foldable area FA is the lowest. In contrast, for example, when the refractive index of the first adhesive layer Aand the refractive index of the second adhesive layer Aare less than 1.5 or more than 1.6, the reflectivity of the foldable area FA rapidly increases. Therefore, when the refractive index of the first adhesive layer Ais about 1.5 to about 1.6, the crease of the foldable area FA may be less visible.

7 FIG. 1 1 Although it is illustrated inthat the thickness of the first adhesive layer Ain the foldable area FA is different from the thickness of the first adhesive layer Ain the non-folding area, the disclosure is not limited thereto.

10 FIG. 1 7 FIGS.to 1 7 FIGS.to 10 FIG. 7 FIG. 10 FIG. 1 7 FIGS.to 1 7 FIGS.to 1 1 1 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of a display apparatusaccording to an embodiment. Because the display apparatusaccording to the present embodiment is similar to the display apparatusdescribed herein with reference to, the following description will focus on the differences from the display apparatusdescribed herein with reference to. That is,corresponds to. In, the same reference numerals as those inindicate the same members as those in, and thus, duplicate descriptions thereof are omitted.

1 10 20 20 1 2 1 10 20 20 1 2 1 7 FIGS.to The display apparatusaccording to an embodiment described herein with reference toincludes the display paneland the cover window, and the cover windowincludes the window W, the window protection layer WP, the hard coating layer HC, the first adhesive layer A, and the second adhesive layer A. The display apparatusaccording to the present embodiment also includes the display paneland the cover window, and the cover windowincludes the window W, the window protection layer WP, the hard coating layer HC, the first adhesive layer A, and the second adhesive layer A.

1 13 11 12 11 12 13 11 12 13 However, in the case of the display apparatusaccording to the present embodiment, the thickness of the first-3 portion Amay be the same as or similar to the thickness of each of the first-1 portion Aand the first-2 portion A. That is, the thicknesses of the first-1 portion A, the first-2 portion A, and the first-3 portion Amay be the same or similar to each other. Specifically, the thickness of each of the first-1 portion A, the first-2 portion A, and the first-3 portion Amay be about 150 nm to about 200 nm.

2 2 23 21 22 21 21 22 22 22 21 23 23 23 21 22 In this case, the thickness of the second adhesive layer Ain the foldable area FA may be different from the thickness of the second adhesive layer Ain the non-folding area. Specifically, the thickness of the second-3 portion Amay be greater than the thickness of each of the second-1 portion Aand the second-2 portion A. That is, the second-1 portion Amay have a second-1 thickness T, the second-2 portion Amay have the second-2 thickness T, and the second-2 thickness Tmay be the same as or similar to the second-1 thickness T. The second-3 portion Amay have a second-3 thickness T, and the second-3 thickness Tmay be greater than each of the second-1 thickness Tand the second-2 thickness T.

21 22 23 1 1 1 1 1 For example, each of the second-1 thickness Tand the second-2 thickness Tmay be about 150 nm to about 200 nm, and the second-3 thickness Tmay be about 250 nm to about 400 nm. Even in this case, the reflectivity of the foldable area FA of the display apparatusmay be less than the reflectivity of the non-folding area of the display apparatus. Specifically, the reflectivity of the foldable area FA of the display apparatusmay be about 6.0% to about 6.7%, and the reflectivity of the non-folding area of the display apparatusmay be about 6.3% to about 6.8%. Accordingly, the crease in the foldable area FA may be less visible to the user, and the display quality of the display apparatusmay be improved.

7 10 FIGS.and 1 2 Although it is illustrated inthat the thickness of one of the first adhesive layer Aand the second adhesive layer Ais different between the foldable area FA and the non-folding area, the disclosure is not limited thereto.

11 FIG. 1 7 FIGS.to 1 7 FIGS.to 11 FIG. 7 FIG. 11 FIG. 1 7 FIGS.to 1 7 FIGS.to 1 1 1 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of a display apparatusaccording to an embodiment. Because the display apparatusaccording to the present embodiment is similar to the display apparatusdescribed herein with reference to, the following description will focus on the differences from the display apparatusdescribed herein with reference to. That is,corresponds to. In, the same reference numerals as those inindicate the same members as those in, and thus, duplicate descriptions thereof are omitted.

1 10 20 20 1 2 1 11 12 13 13 11 12 11 12 13 1 7 FIGS.to The display apparatusaccording to an embodiment described herein with reference toincludes the display paneland the cover window, and the cover windowincludes the window W, the window protection layer WP, the hard coating layer HC, the first adhesive layer A, and the second adhesive layer A. The first adhesive layer Aincludes a first-1 portion A, a first-2 portion A, and a first-3 portion A, and the thickness of the first-3 portion Ais greater than the thickness of each of the first-1 portion Aand the first-2 portion A. Specifically, each of the first-1 thickness Tand the first-2 thickness Tis about 150 nm to about 200 nm, and the first-3 thickness Tis about 250 nm to about 400 nm.

1 10 20 20 1 2 1 11 12 13 13 11 12 11 12 13 The display apparatusaccording to the present embodiment also includes the display paneland the cover window, and the cover windowincludes the window W, the window protection layer WP, the hard coating layer HC, the first adhesive layer A, and the second adhesive layer A. The first adhesive layer Aincludes a first-1 portion A, a first-2 portion A, and a first-3 portion A, and the thickness of the first-3 portion Ais greater than the thickness of each of the first-1 portion Aand the first-2 portion A. Specifically, the first-1 thickness Tand the first-2 thickness Tare each about 150 nm to about 200 nm, and the first-3 thickness Tis about 250 nm to about 400 nm.

1 23 21 22 21 21 22 22 23 23 1 1 1 1 1 However, in the case of the display apparatusaccording to the present embodiment, the thickness of the second-3 portion Ais greater than the thickness of each of the second-1 portion Aand the second-2 portion A. Specifically, the second-1 thickness Tof the second-1 portion Aand the second-2 thickness Tof the second-2 portion Aare each about 150 nm to about 200 nm, and the second-3 thickness Tof the second-3 portion Ais about 250 nm to about 400 nm. Even in this case, the reflectivity of the foldable area FA of the display apparatusmay be less than the reflectivity of the non-folding area of the display apparatus. Specifically, the reflectivity of the foldable area FA of the display apparatusmay be about 5.1% to about 6.5%, and the reflectivity of the non-folding area of the display apparatusmay be about 6.3% to about 6.8%. Therefore, the crease in the foldable area FA may be less visible to the user, and the display quality of the display apparatusmay be improved.

According to embodiments of the disclosure as described herein, a display apparatus having improved display quality and an electronic apparatus including the display apparatus may be implemented. However, the scope of the disclosure is not limited by these effects.

It should be understood that embodiments described herein should be considered in a descriptive sense and not for purposes of limitation. Descriptions of features or aspects within each embodiment should typically be considered as available for other similar features or aspects in other embodiments. While one or more embodiments have been described with reference to the figures, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope as defined by the following claims.