Electronic Device

One embodiment of the present invention relates to an electronic device including a flexible display panel.

Note that one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above technical field. The technical field of one embodiment of the invention disclosed in this specification and the like relates to an object, a method, or a manufacturing method. Alternatively, the present invention relates to a process, a machine, manufacture, or a composition (a composition of matter). In particular, one embodiment of the present invention relates to a semiconductor device, a display device, a light-emitting device, a power storage device, a memory device, a driving method thereof, or a manufacturing method thereof.

Note that in this specification and the like, a semiconductor device means an element, a circuit, a device, or the like that can function by utilizing semiconductor characteristics. For example, a semiconductor element such as a transistor or a diode is a semiconductor device. For another example, a circuit including a semiconductor element is a semiconductor device. For another example, a device provided with a circuit including a semiconductor element is a semiconductor device.

Mobile devices such as smartphones, tablets, electronic book readers, and notebook personal computers have been widely used. The mobile devices require a display panel that is suitable for displaying a larger amount of information. The amount of information displayed on a display panel with the same display area has increased with a reduction in the size of a pixel. In contrast, the mobile devices are also required to have flexibility as mobile devices and to have a larger display area.

A foldable electronic device has been proposed as a mode of a mobile device that achieves both flexibility and a large screen. As the foldable electronic device, an electronic device including two or more display panels or an electronic device using a flexible display panel has been proposed.

For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a structure of an electronic device using a flexible display.

[Patent Document 1] Japanese Published Patent Application No. 2013-243588

A foldable electronic device including a flexible display panel has been proposed as a method of displaying a large amount of information and increasing the screen size in a mobile device. However, the flexible display panel has a problem of being shifted in position when folded as compared with the case where the display panel is held as a flat surface.

The flexible display panel also has a problem in that a wiring or the like of the display panel disconnects when great force is applied to a curved portion of the display panel.

In the case where the display area of the display panel is increased, the display panel has a problem of slipping off from the electronic device because of having flexibility when force is applied externally.

In view of the above problems, an object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide an electronic device with a novel structure. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a flexible display panel having a controllable radius of curvature. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide an electronic device including a flexible display panel that is prevented from slipping off from the electronic device.

Note that the description of these objects does not preclude the existence of other objects. One embodiment of the present invention does not have to achieve all these objects. Note that other objects are apparent from and can be derived from the description of the specification, the drawings, the claims, and the like.

Note that the objects of embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the objects listed above. The objects listed above do not disturb the existence of other objects. Note that the other objects are objects that are not described in this section and will be described below. The objects that are not described in this section will be derived from the descriptions of the specification, the drawings, and the like and can be extracted from these descriptions by those skilled in the art. Note that one embodiment of the present invention is to solve at least one of the objects listed above and/or the other objects.

One embodiment of the present invention is an electronic device including a display panel, a first component, a movable module, and a housing. The housing includes a first movable portion, a second component, and a third component. The third component includes a first space where the first component is stored. The display panel includes a flexible display portion. The display portion includes a first region, a second region, and a third region. The first region is fixed to the second component. The second region is fixed to the first component stored in the first space. The first movable portion connects the second component and the third component. The movable module has a function of holding a first angle that is formed between the second component and the third component by the first movable portion. The third region positioned between the first region and the second region has a function of forming a curved surface according to the first angle. In the electronic device, the first component slides in the first space according to the first angle.

In the above structure, the movable module includes a fourth component, a fifth component, a sixth component, a seventh component, an eighth component, a second movable portion, a third movable portion, a fourth movable portion, and a fifth movable portion. The fourth component is connected to the first movable portion and the fifth component. The fifth component is connected to the sixth component. The sixth component is connected to the seventh component. The seventh component is connected to the eighth component. The second movable portion controls a second angle formed by the fourth component and the fifth component. The third movable portion controls a third angle formed by the fifth component and the sixth component. The fourth movable portion controls a fourth angle formed by the sixth component and the seventh component. The fifth movable portion controls a fifth angle formed by the seventh component and the eighth component. The sixth component includes a second space where the seventh component is stored. The seventh component includes a third space where the eighth component is stored. In the electronic device, preferably, the eighth component is fixed to the third component and fixed to a surface of the third component that is different from a surface where the first space is provided.

In the above structure, the third component includes a structure body with a shape that projects toward the first space. The first component includes a notch region. The notch region is arranged so that the structure body with a projecting shape is positioned in the notch region. In the electronic device, preferably, the size of the notch region is the movable range of the first component that slides in the first space.

In the above structure, the housing further includes a ninth component. The display panel includes a fourth region where an electronic component is mounted. The second component includes an opening so that the fourth region is stored in a fifth space formed by the second component and the ninth component. In the electronic device, preferably, the opening has a first width and a second width, the first width is greater than the thickness of the display portion so that the display portion can pass through the first width, and the second width is greater than the thickness of a portion of the display portion where the electronic component is mounted so that the portion can pass through the second width.

In the electronic device with any of the above structures, in the case where the seventh component is not stored in the second space in the sixth component and the eighth component is not stored in the third space in the seventh component, preferably, a fourth space is formed by the fifth component, the sixth component, and the seventh component and part of the display panel is positioned in the fourth space.

In the electronic device with any of the above structures, in the case where the seventh component is stored in the second space in the sixth component and the eighth component is stored in the third space in the seventh component, preferably, part of each of the fourth component, the fifth component, and the sixth component is positioned parallel to the display panel and is in contact with the display panel.

In the electronic device with any of the above structures, preferably, the display panel includes a transistor and the transistor includes polycrystalline silicon in a semiconductor layer.

In the electronic device with any of the above structures, preferably, the display panel includes a transistor and the transistor includes a metal oxide in a semiconductor layer.

In the electronic device with each of the above structures, preferably, the display panel includes a transistor and the transistor includes a back gate.

One embodiment of the present invention can provide an electronic device with a novel structure. Another embodiment of the present invention can provide a flexible display panel having a controllable radius of curvature. Another embodiment of the present invention can provide an electronic device including a flexible display panel that is prevented from slipping off from the electronic device.

Note that the effects of one embodiment of the present invention are not limited to the effects listed above. The effects listed above do not disturb the existence of other effects. Note that the other effects are effects that are not described in this section and will be described below. The other effects that are not described in this section will be derived from the descriptions of the specification, the drawings, and the like and can be extracted from these descriptions by those skilled in the art. Note that one embodiment of the present invention is to have at least one effect of the effects listed above and/or the other effects. Therefore, one embodiment of the present invention does not have the effects listed above in some cases.

Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the embodiments can be implemented with many different modes, and it is readily understood by those skilled in the art that modes and details thereof can be changed in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope the present invention. Thus, the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited to the following descriptions of the embodiments.

In the drawings, the size, the layer thickness, or the region is exaggerated for clarity in some cases. Thus, they are not always limited to the illustrated scale. Note that the drawings are schematic views illustrating ideal examples, and embodiments of the present invention are not limited to shapes or values shown in the drawings.

Note that the ordinal numbers used in this specification, such as “first”, “second”, and “third”, are used in order to avoid confusion among components, and the terms do not limit the components numerically.

Also in this specification, the terms for explaining arrangement, such as “over” and “under”, are used for convenience to describe the positional relation between components with reference to drawings. The positional relation between components is changed as appropriate in accordance with a direction in which each component is described. Thus, the positional relation is not limited to that described with a term used in this specification and can be explained with the other terms as appropriate depending on the situation.

In this specification and the like, a transistor is an element having at least three terminals, a gate, a drain, and a source. The transistor has a channel region between the drain (a drain terminal, a drain region, or a drain electrode) and the source (a source terminal, a source region, or a source electrode), and can make current flow between the source and the drain through the channel formation region. Note that in this specification and the like, a channel region refers to a region through which current mainly flows.

The functions of a source and a drain might be switched when a transistor of opposite polarity is employed or a direction of current flow is changed in circuit operation, for example. Therefore, the terms “source” and “drain” can be switched in this specification and the like.

In this specification and the like, “electrically connected” includes the case where components are connected through an “object having any electric function”. Here, there is no particular limitation on the “object having any electric function” as long as electric signals can be transmitted and received between the connected components. Examples of the “object having any electric function” include a switching element such as a transistor, a resistor, an inductor, a capacitor, and other elements with a variety of functions as well as an electrode and a wiring.

In this specification and the like, “parallel” indicates a state where two straight lines are placed at an angle greater than or equal to −10° and less than or equal to 10°. Accordingly, the case where the angle is greater than or equal to −5° and less than or equal to 5° is also included. Moreover, “perpendicular” indicates a state where two straight lines are placed at an angle greater than or equal to 80° and less than or equal to 100°. Accordingly, the case where the angle is greater than or equal to 85° and less than or equal to 95° is also included.

In this specification and the like, the term “film” and the term “layer” can be interchanged with each other. For example, the term “conductive layer” can be changed into the term “conductive film” in some cases. Also, the term “insulating film” can be changed into, for example, the term “insulating layer” in some cases.

1 FIG. 9 FIG. In this embodiment, an electronic device including a flexible display panel will be described with reference toto.

The electronic device includes a flexible display panel, a first component, a movable module, and a foldable housing. The foldable housing includes a first movable portion, a second component, and a third component. In the following description, the first movable portion, the second component, and the third component are collectively referred to as a housing for simplicity unless otherwise specified. Note that the first movable portion connects the second component and the third component and can further control the angle formed by the second component and the third component. For example, a hinge or the like is preferably used as the first movable portion.

3 FIG. 4 FIG. The housing can hold at least a first state or a second state. For example, in the first state, the housing is folded and two different display regions of the display panel are in contact with each other or display directions of display portions of the display panel face each other. In the second state, the housing is opened to have a flat display panel and the display portions perform display in the same direction. Note that the third state of the housing is a state between the first state and the second state. That is, in the third state, part of the display portions is curved and held. Note that the third state is described in detail inor. In the first state, i.e., in the case where the two different display regions of the display panel are in contact with each other or the display directions of the display portions of the display panel face each other, the display panel is not seen by a user. Thus, no display data is preferably displayed on the display panel.

The Third Component Preferably Includes a First Space Where the First Component Is Stored.

The display panel includes a flexible display portion, which includes a first region, a second region, and a third region. The second component is fixed to the first region and the first component stored in the third component is fixed to the second region. Note that the first component is preferably capable of sliding in the first space of the third component without being fixed in that storage space. Note that the first region and the second component, or the second region and the first component are fixed to each other with an organic resin layer. The organic resin layer preferably functions as an adhesive layer.

Next, the movable module is described. The movable module can hold a first angle that is formed between the second component and the third component by the first movable portion. The third region positioned between the first region and the second region is capable of forming a curved surface according to the first angle. The position of the display panel is shifted according to the first angle by the distance where the first component slides in the first space.

The movable module includes a fourth component, a fifth component, a sixth component, a seventh component, an eighth component, a second movable portion, a third movable portion, a fourth movable portion, and a fifth movable portion. The fourth component is connected to the first movable portion and the fifth component. The fifth component is connected to the sixth component. The sixth component is connected to the seventh component. The seventh component is connected to the eighth component. The second movable portion can control a second angle that is formed between the fourth component and the fifth component. The third movable portion can control a third angle that is formed between the fifth component and the sixth component. The fourth movable portion can control a fourth angle that is formed between the sixth component and the seventh component. The fifth movable portion can control a fifth angle that is formed between the seventh component and the eighth component.

Note that the sixth component includes a second space where the seventh component is stored, and the seventh component includes a third space where the eighth component is stored. The eighth component is fixed to the third component and fixed to a surface of the third component that is different from a surface where the first space is provided. Note that the second space may be formed by providing a notch region in the sixth component. The third space may be formed by providing a notch region in the seventh component.

Furthermore, the third component preferably includes a structure body with a shape that projects toward the first space. The first component includes a notch region, which is arranged so that the structure body with a projecting shape is positioned in the notch region. That is, the size of the notch region is the movable range of the first component that slides in the first space.

The housing further includes a ninth component. The display panel includes a fourth region where an electronic component is mounted. The second component includes an opening. The opening allows the display panel in the fourth region to be stored in a fifth space formed by the second component and the ninth component. The opening preferably has a first width and a second width. The first width is preferably greater than the thickness of the display portion so that the display portion can pass through the first width. The second width is preferably greater than the thickness of a portion of the display portion where the electronic component is mounted so that the portion can pass through the second width. Note that the fifth space preferably stores a battery, a printed board on which an electronic component is mounted, or the like. An electronic component mounted on the fourth region is preferably an FPC, a driver IC, a connector, or the like. The electronic component mounted on the fourth region is preferably electrically connected to the printed board on which a plurality of electronic components are mounted. The printed board preferably has flexibility.

In the case where the display panel has flexibility, the display panel can be curved with a radius of curvature r that is limited by a material used for the display panel, the film thickness, or the like. Hence, the radius of curvature r of the display panel needs to be controlled so as not to be smaller than or equal to the minimum radius of curvature (hereinafter referred to as a radius of curvature r in some cases) with which the display panel can be curved without being broken.

First, the case where the movable module holds the first state is described. In the case where the seventh component is not stored in the second space in the sixth component and the eighth component is not stored in the third space in the seventh component, a fourth space is formed by the fifth component, the sixth component, and the seventh component. Therefore, in the first state, part of the display panel is preferably positioned in the fourth space.

In the first state, the third region of the display panel can be stored in the fourth space so that the radius of curvature of the display panel is not smaller than r. Thus, in the case where the first state is held, the third region can be controlled by the movable module so as not to have a radius of curvature smaller than r. When the third region is stored in the fourth space so that the radius of curvature of the display panel is not smaller than r, a wiring, an inorganic film, an organic film, an organic resin film, or the like of the display panel can be prevented from being broken.

Next, the case where the movable module holds the second state is described. In the case where the seventh component is stored in the second space in the sixth component and the eighth component is stored in the third space in the seventh component, the display panel is positioned parallel to part of each of the fourth component, the fifth component, and the sixth component. Alternatively, the display panel is preferably in contact with part of each of the fourth component, the fifth component, and the sixth component.

That is, part of each of the fourth component, the fifth component, and the sixth component preferably has a surface that supports the display panel. Note that another part of the sixth component, the seventh component, and the eighth component are preferably arranged on a back surface of the third component and have a surface positioned parallel to the third component. Note that the side of the third component where the first component is arranged is referred to as a surface of the third component and the side of the third component where the eighth component is fixed is referred to as a back surface of the third component.

10 10 10 11 24 30 27 26 20 20 21 22 23 1 FIG. 9 FIG. 1 FIG.(A) 17 FIG. 17 FIG. 17 FIG. a Next, an electronic deviceis described in detail with reference toto.shows a cross-sectional view of the electronic deviceas an example. The electronic deviceincludes a display panel, a component, a movable module, and a housing. Note that in, components of the housing are denoted by solid lines.is a diagram illustrating the components of the housing. A housingshown inincludes a movable portion, a component, a component, a component, a component, and a component.

26 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 20 25 25 22 25 25 26 25 25 20 25 22 25 a b c d a b a c b d c d a b The movable portionincludes a component, a component, a component, components, and components. The componentand the componentare rotatable around the component. The componentis fixed to the componentwith the components, and the componentis fixed to the componentwith the components. That is, the movable portionfunctions as a first hinge. For example, a screw and the like can be used as the componentsand the components. Alternatively, the componentand the componentmay be integrally formed. Similarly, the componentand the componentmay be integrally formed.

22 22 24 11 11 11 11 11 20 11 24 22 24 22 22 22 11 20 11 24 a a b c a a b a a a a b The componentincludes a first spacewhere the componentis stored. The display panelincludes a flexible display portion. The display portion includes a display region, a display region, and a display region. The display regionis fixed to the component. The display regionis fixed to the componentstored in the component. The componentis preferably capable of sliding in the first spaceof the componentwithout being fixed in the first space. The display regionand the component, or the display regionand the componentare fixed to each other with an organic resin layer. The organic resin layer can function as an adhesive layer.

20 11 21 11 22 24 11 23 11 21 23 11 11 11 11 a a b a b c Note that the component, the display panel, and the componentare preferably overlapped in this order in part of the display region. The component, the component, the display panel, and the componentare preferably overlapped in this order in part of the display region. That is, the componentand the componentare arranged so as to surround the display regions,, andand function as a bezel of the display panel.

30 20 22 26 11 11 11 24 22 a c a b a. The movable modulecan hold a first angle that is formed between the componentand the componentby the movable portion. The display regionpositioned between the display regionand the display regionforms a curved surface according to the first angle. The position of the display panel is shifted according to the first angle by the distance where the componentslides in the first space

30 30 30 31 32 33 34 30 31 32 33 1 FIG.(B) a a a a a b b b b. Next, a structure of the movable moduleis described in detail with reference to a development view in. The movable moduleincludes a component, a component, a component, a component, a component, a movable portion, a movable portion, a movable portion, and a movable portion

30 26 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 a a a a a a a a. The componentis connected to the movable portionand the component. The componentis connected to the component. The componentis connected to the component. The componentis connected to the component

30 30 31 31 31 32 32 32 33 33 33 34 b a a b a a b a a b a a. The movable portioncontrols a second angle that is formed between the componentand the component. The movable portioncontrols a third angle that is formed between the componentand the component. The movable portioncontrols a fourth angle that is formed between the componentand the component. The movable portioncontrols a fifth angle that is formed between the componentand the component

32 32 33 33 33 34 34 22 22 22 34 22 24 22 22 34 22 32 32 33 33 a c a a c a a a b a c a c a. The componentincludes a spacewhere the componentis stored. The componentincludes a spacewhere the componentis stored. The componentis fixed to the componentand fixed to a surface of the componentthat is different from the surface where the spaceis provided, with a component. In the following description, for simplicity, the side of the componentwhere the componentis arranged is referred to as a surface of the componentand the side of the componentwhere the componentis fixed is referred to as a back surface of the componentin some cases. Note that the spacemay be formed by providing a notch region in the component. The spacemay be formed by providing a notch region in the component

22 22 22 24 24 22 24 24 24 22 24 22 22 24 10 b a a b a a a a b b a 5 FIG. 6 FIG. Furthermore, the componentpreferably includes a structure bodywith a shape that projects toward the first space. The componentincludes a notch region, which is arranged so that the structure bodyis positioned in the notch region. The size of the notch regionis the movable range of the componentthat slides in the first space. Note thatillustrates the relation among the first angle, the notch region, and the structure body, andillustrates details of the structure bodyand the notch regionwith reference to the top view of the electronic device.

10 27 11 11 11 11 11 20 20 1 11 20 21 11 11 20 20 2 11 21 21 21 11 11 21 21 21 21 21 11 2 FIG. 2 FIG.(A) 2 FIG.(A) d d a c b a s d a c s d a b s a b s a b Next, the structure of the electronic deviceis described in detail with reference to.is a cross-sectional view of the housingthat holds the second state. In, the display panel includes a regionas an example. Note that the display panel is formed in a region where the region, the display region, the display region, and the display regionare connected in this order. The componentincludes an openingso that the regionis stored in a fifth space formed by the componentand the component. The display panelhas flexibility. Note that the display regionneeds to be controlled so as not to be curved with a radius of curvature smaller than the minimum radius of curvature r of the display panel. Thus, the componentpreferably includes a sixth spacewhere the display region of the regionis to be stored. In addition, a componentand a componentpreferably include a seventh spacewhere the display panelis stored. The display panelmay be provided so as to be in contact with the componentand the componentin the seventh spaceor part of the componentor the componentmay have a region that is not in contact with the display panel.

21 21 11 11 21 21 21 21 11 11 21 11 21 11 a b a b a b s d s For example, in the case where the componentand the componentare provided so as to be in contact with the display panel, the display panelis stably fixed by the componentand the component. In contrast, when part of the componentor part of the componenthas a region that is not in contact with the display panel, variations in processing of the display panelcan be absorbed by the seventh space. For example, even in the case where the display panel in the regionvaries in thickness, the seventh spacecan prevent the display panelfrom being pressed and disconnected.

20 1 11 11 50 11 s d d 8 FIG. The openingpreferably has a first width and a second width, which will be described in detail in. The first width is preferably greater than the thickness of the display portion of the display panelso that the display portion can pass through the first width. The second width is preferably greater than the thickness of a portion of the regionwhere an electronic component is mounted so that the portion can pass through the second width. Although not shown in the drawings, the fifth space preferably stores a battery, a printed board on which an electronic component is mounted, or the like. An electronic componentmounted on the regionis preferably an FPC, a driver IC, a connector, or the like, and is preferably electrically connected to the printed board on which the electronic component is mounted. The printed board preferably has flexibility.

2 FIG.(B) 2 FIG.(A) 2 FIG.(B) 2 FIG.(A) 10 50 11 51 11 11 d shows a development view of components used in the electronic device. In, the electronic componentis arranged on the side of the display panelthat is different from the display direction; in, an electronic componentis arranged on the same side as the display surface of the display panelunlike in. That is, a terminal portion in the regionmay be provided on the display surface or the surface different from the display surface. Note that the arrangement is preferably determined as appropriate in accordance with the arrangement of the battery or the printed board on which the electronic component is mounted in the fifth space.

2 FIG.(B) 11 11 21 23 27 c c a In, the width of the display regionis preferably greater than a distance πr. When the width of the display regionis greater than the distance πr, the contact between the componentand the componentcan be prevented at the time when the housingchanges from the first state to the second state. Note that π represents pi and the radius of curvature r is a positive value excluding 0.

10 26 30 31 32 33 20 22 26 1 30 31 30 2 31 32 31 3 32 33 32 4 33 34 33 5 3 FIG. 4 FIG. 1 FIG. b b b b a a a b a a b a a b a a b Next, the process where the electronic devicechanges from the first state to the second state through the third state is described with reference toand. First, operations of the movable portion(see), the movable portion, the movable portion, the movable portion, and the movable portionare defined as follows. The angle formed between the componentand the componentby the movable portionis denoted as a first angle M. The angle formed between the componentand the componentby the movable portionis denoted as a second angle M. The angle formed between the componentand the componentby the movable portionis denoted as a third angle M. The angle formed between the componentand the componentby the movable portionis denoted as a fourth angle M. The angle formed between the componentand the componentby the movable portionis denoted as a fifth angle M.

27 10 30 30 3 FIG.(A) 3 FIG. 3 FIG.(D) 3 FIG.(A) First, the first state where the housingof the electronic deviceis folded is described with reference to. In, description is made focusing on the movable module. Note thatis an enlarged view of the movable modulein.

27 33 32 32 34 33 33 27 2 a c a a c a In the case where the housingholds the first state, the componentis not stored in the spacein the componentand the componentis not stored in the spacein the component. Note that in the case where the housingholds the first state, the second angle Mis preferably almost a right angle.

27 60 31 32 33 11 60 a a a 3 FIG.(D) In the case where the housingholds the first state, preferably, a fourth spaceis formed by the component, the component, and the componentand part of the display panelis positioned inside the fourth spaceas shown in.

27 11 60 11 27 11 11 30 11 60 11 11 20 11 60 11 60 11 20 26 c c a a c c a Note that in the case where the housingholds the first state, the display regioncan be stored in the fourth spaceso that the radius of curvature of the display panelis not smaller than r. Thus, in the case where the housingholds the first state, the display regionof the display panelcan be controlled by the movable moduleso as not to have a radius of curvature smaller than r. That is, when the display panelis stored in the fourth spaceso as not to be curved with a radius of curvature smaller than r, the wiring, the inorganic film, the organic film, the organic resin film, or the like of the display panelcan be prevented from being broken. The display regionis preferably fixed to the componentin order that the display regioncan be stored in the fourth spacemore efficiently. The display regioncan be efficiently stored in the fourth spacewhen the display panelis fixed to the componentup to the vicinity of the movable portion.

1 2 3 4 5 3 5 2 2 3 5 3 FIG.(B) 3 FIG.(B) Next, the case where the first angle Mis approximately 45° (including 45°) is shown inas an example. It is preferable that in, the second angle Mhold almost a right angle. The third angle Mbecomes larger, and the fourth angle Mand the fifth angle Mbecome smaller. The third angle Mto the fifth angle Mchange when the second angle Mholds almost a right angle. Note that in the case where the second angle Mis not almost a right angle, the third angle Mto the fifth angle Mchange in a way different from the above.

1 2 3 4 5 3 5 2 2 3 5 3 FIG.(C) 3 FIG.(C) 3 FIG.(B) 3 FIG.(B) Next, the case where the first angle Mis almost a right angle (including a right angle) is shown inas an example. The second angle Minis preferably larger than that in. The third angle Mbecomes smaller, and the fourth angle Mand the fifth angle Mbecome larger. The third angle Mto the fifth angle Mchange when the second angle Mis smaller than that in. Note that in the case where the second angle Mbecomes small, the third angle Mto the fifth angle Mchange in a way different from the above.

1 2 3 4 5 3 5 2 4 FIG.(A) 4 FIG.(A) 3 FIG.(C) 3 FIG.(C) Next, the case where the first angle Mis approximately 135° (including 135°) is shown inas an example. The second angle Minis preferably still larger than that in. The third angle Mbecomes larger, and the fourth angle Mand the fifth angle Mbecome smaller. The third angle Mto the fifth angle Mchange when the second angle Mis larger than that in.

1 27 2 3 4 5 33 34 32 33 30 31 32 11 11 32 33 34 22 22 4 FIG.(B) 4 FIG.(B) 4 FIG.(A) a a a a a a a a a a Lastly, the case where the first angle Mis approximately 180° (including 180°) is shown inas an example. That is, the housingis changed into the second state. In, the second angle Mis still larger than that inand reaches the maximum angle. The maximum angle denotes approximately 180°. The third angle Malso reaches the maximum angle. The fourth angle Mand the fifth angle Mbecome smaller to reach the minimum angle. The minimum angle denotes approximately 0° (including 0°). Thus, the componentis stored in the componentand the componentis stored in the component. Parts of the component, the component, and the componentare in contact with the display paneland can support the display panel. Furthermore, it is preferable that another part of the component, the component, or the componentbe in contact with the back surface of the componentor have a surface positioned parallel to the component.

27 27 11 11 3 3 FIG.(B) or(C) 4 FIG.(A) a c. Note that the housingis in the third state inor. When the housingis in the second state or the third state, display data can be displayed on the display regionsto

1 27 1 3 FIG. 4 FIG. Although the first angle Mof the housingis approximately 0°, approximately 45°, approximately 90°, approximately 135°, or approximately 180° inor, the first angle Mis not limited to the above examples. Any one of the angles of approximately 0° to approximately 180° can be held as the first angle.

1 24 24 22 22 26 22 24 22 26 22 26 22 a b b a a b a 5 5 FIG.(A) to(E) 5 FIG. 5 FIG. Next, the relation among the first angle M, the notch regionin the component, and the structure bodywith a projecting shape in the componentis described in. Note that in, the movable portion, the structure body, the notch region, and the first spaceare described. Note that in, description is made focusing on a position Pna, which is the closest to the movable portion, the position including the structure body, and a position Pnb, which is the farthest from the movable portionin the first space. Note that n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

24 24 24 22 22 22 1 22 22 22 22 22 22 24 22 a b b b b b a Note that the size and the width of the componentare not changed. The position of the notch regionprovided in the componentis not changed either. Furthermore, the position where the structure bodywith a projecting shape is provided in the componentis not changed. The structure bodyhas a shape with a width Sfrom the center of the structure body. The structure body has a semicircular cross section in the example in the drawing, but the shape is not limited and may be a pillar or the like. The structure bodypreferably includes a region shared by part of the component. For example, the structure bodymay be simultaneously formed when the first spaceis processed in the component. A reduction in the number of components can reduce component costs for an electronic device. Note that in the case where the componentincludes the structure body with a projecting shape, the notch region may be included in the component.

5 FIG.(A) 5 FIG.(E) 27 1 22 22 24 24 22 24 11 1 27 11 11 11 24 11 11 20 1 11 11 11 a a b c b b b a a a b c illustrates the case where the housingholds the first state, i.e., the first angle Mis approximately 0°. The componentincludes the first spacewhere the componentis stored and the componentcan slide in the first space. Note that the componentis fixed to the display region, and when the first angle Mof the housingchanges, the position of the display regionis shifted and the display regionmoves. That is, the display regionmoves according to the distance of the position shift, and the componentslides according to the distance where the display regionmoves. Note that the display regionis preferably fixed to the componentin the range up to a position L. For the positional relation among the display regions,, and,can be referred to.

27 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 c a b c b a c b c In the case where the housingholds the first state, a curved surface of the display regionis preferably controlled so as not to have a radius of curvature smaller than the minimum radius of curvature r. For example, in the case where the display regionand the display regionare in contact with or face each other, the display regionforms a curved surface with a radius of curvature greater than r. Hence, part of the display regionis arranged apart from the display regionby two times the radius of curvature r (diameter) or more. That is, when the display regionforms a curved surface with a radius of curvature greater than or equal to r, the positions of part of the display regionand the display regionare shifted.

27 24 22 30 11 22 22 24 24 26 24 26 22 24 1 26 24 11 24 11 11 1 26 1 a c b a a a b b a b. In the case where the housingholds the first state, the distance of the position shift is the same as the distance where the componentstored in the first spaceslides. Thus, the movable modulecan control the display regionso as not to have a radius of curvature smaller than r. In addition, the structure bodywith a projecting shape in the componentis in contact with a side surface of the notch regionin the componentthat is farther from the movable portion, which limits the range where the componentcan slide toward the movable portion. Furthermore, the position of the first spaceis preferably determined so that the range where the componentcan slide is limited at a position Pthat is the closest to the movable portion. The control of the range where the componentcan slide allows controlling of the display panelso as not to have a radius of curvature smaller than r. Note that the componentto which the display regionand the display regionare fixed preferably slides to the position Pclose to the movable portionand a position P

1 11 11 1 11 11 24 11 11 1 2 26 1 2 26 5 FIG.(B) b c b b a a b b Next, the case where the first angle Mchanges from approximately 0° to approximately 45° is described in. As for the position shift generated in the display panel, the position of the display panelchanges according to the first angle M1. In the case where the first angle Mchanges from approximately 0° to approximately 45°, the display regionand the display regionslide to move a distance d. Note that the componentto which the display regionand the display regionare fixed slides from the position Pto a position Pin a position close to the movable portionand slides from the position Pto a position Pin a position far from the movable portion.

1 1 11 11 2 24 11 11 1 3 26 1 3 26 5 FIG.(C) b c d b b a a b b Next, the case where the first angle Mchanges from approximately 0° to approximately 90° is described in. In the case where the first angle Mchanges from approximately 0° to approximately 90°, the display regionand the display regionslide to move a distance. Note that the componentto which the display regionand the display regionare fixed slides from the position Pto a position Pin a position close to the movable portionand slides from the position Pto a position Pin a position far from the movable portion.

1 1 11 11 3 24 11 11 1 4 26 1 4 26 5 FIG.(D) b c d b b a a b b Next, the case where the first angle Mchanges from approximately 0° to approximately 135° is described in. In the case where the first angle Mchanges from approximately 0° to approximately 135°, the display regionand the display regionslide to move a distance. Note that the componentto which the display regionand the display regionare fixed slides from the position Pto a position Pin a position close to the movable portionand slides from the position Pto a position Pin a position far from the movable portion.

1 1 11 11 26 Note that in the case where the first angle Mis greater than approximately 90° and less than approximately 180°, the position shift from the position Loccurs in some cases. This is because the display panelhas flexibility and thus stress is applied in such a direction that the display panelis apart from the movable portionwith the position L as a base point.

1 1 27 1 11 11 4 11 24 11 1 5 26 1 5 26 1 11 5 FIG.(E) 5 5 FIG.(A) to(D) b c d b b a a b b Next, the case where the first angle Mchanges from approximately 0° to approximately 180° is described in. That is, when the first angle Mreaches approximately 180°, the housingreaches the second state. In the case where the first angle Mchanges from approximately 0° to approximately 180°, the display regionand the display regionslide to move a distance. Note that the display regionand the componentto which the display regionis fixed slide from the position Pto a position Pin a position close to the movable portionand slide from the position Pto a position Pin a position far from the movable portion. When the first angle Mreaches approximately 180°, the display panelforms a flat surface. Thus, the position shift generated in each ofall disappears.

10 10 30 10 6 FIG. 6 FIG.(A) 6 FIG.(B) 6 FIG.(C) 6 FIG. 9 FIG. Then, details of the electronic deviceare described in. Note that description is made on a top view of the electronic devicein, a development view of the movable modulein, and a cross-sectional view of the electronic devicein. Note that the description of components denoted by the same reference numerals intois omitted.

10 10 20 20 21 21 22 23 40 40 6 FIG.(A) 6 FIG.(A) 2 FIG.(A) a a b First, the top view of the electronic deviceis described with reference to.is the top view of the electronic deviceillustrated in. The component, the component, the component, the component, the component, and the componentcan each be fixed with a plurality of fixing units. For example, a screw or the like is used as the fixing unit, in which case two or more components can be easily fixed. Note that a plurality of components may be formed as one component. Effects such as simplification of assembly process and a reduction in the number of components can be obtained.

26 25 25 25 25 20 25 22 26 30 30 26 a b a b The movable portionis constituted by the component, the component, and the component, the componentis fixed to the component, and the componentis fixed to the component. Note that the movable portionis preferably arranged outside both ends of the movable module; alternatively, the movable modulemay be arranged outside both ends of the movable portion.

23 21 21 11 11 22 24 11 11 23 11 24 a b b b The component, the component, and the componentfunction as bezels. Note that in the case where the display panelhas flexibility, the display panelcan be prevented from slipping off from the bezels when having a region where the component, the component, the display regionof the display panel, and the componentare overlapped in this order and when the display regionis fixed to the component.

6 FIG.(B) 1 FIG.(B) 6 FIG.(A) 30 34 33 34 33 30 31 32 33 30 30 31 31 31 32 32 32 33 33 33 34 a a a a b b b b b a a b a a b a a b a a Sincehas the same structure as the movable moduleillustrated in, detailed description thereof is omitted. Note that the componentonly needs to be connected to part of the component; as an example, the componentis fixed to the componentin two regions in. Note that the movable portion, the movable portion, the movable portion, and the movable portionare preferably connected with a hinge or the like. For example, the movable portionis fixed to the componentand the componentin two regions. The movable portionis fixed to the componentand the componentin two regions. The movable portionis fixed to the componentand the componentin two regions. The movable portionis fixed to the componentand the componentin two regions.

6 FIG.(C) 2 FIG.(A) 10 20 20 1 11 20 20 21 11 21 20 a s d a b a For, the description of the electronic deviceillustrated incan be referred to. The componentincludes the openingso that the regionis stored in the fifth space formed by the componentand the component. The componentis preferably in contact with the display panel, the component, and the component.

7 FIG.(A) 6 FIG.(A) 7 FIG.(A) 10 21 40 20 20 1 11 20 20 21 11 20 a s d a a. illustrates an electronic deviceA, which is different from the electronic device in. In, the componentis formed as one component. A reduction in the number of components can reduce the number of fixing unitsand the number of assembly steps. Note that the componentincludes the openingso that the regionis stored in the fifth space formed by the componentand the component. The componentis preferably in contact with the display paneland the component

7 FIG.(C) 20 1 50 21 20 1 s s includes the openingwith a width through which the electronic componentcan pass. Note that the componentis preferably arranged at a position overlapping with the opening.

8 FIG.(A) 7 FIG.(A) 8 FIG.(A) 8 FIG. 10 20 20 3 11 20 20 21 11 20 21 a s d a a illustrates an electronic deviceB, which is different from the electronic device in. In, the componentincludes an openingso that the regionis stored in the fifth space formed by the componentand the component. The componentis preferably in contact with the display paneland the component. Note that in, the componentis shown as a transmissive component.

20 3 3 11 4 50 20 3 3 4 11 20 4 10 50 11 s s a The openingpreferably has a first width through which a thickness Sof the display portion of the display panelpasses and a second width Sthrough which the thickness of the electronic componentpasses. Note that a plurality of second widths can be provided. When the openinghas the first width Sand the second width S, the display panelcan be supported by a large area of the component. In addition, the second width Scan facilitate the assembly of the electronic deviceB even after the electronic componentis mounted on the display panel.

9 FIG.(A) 7 FIG.(A) 9 FIG.(A) 9 FIG.(C) 10 20 20 4 20 4 a s s illustrates an electronic deviceC, which is different from the electronic device in. In, the componentincludes an opening.illustrates details of the opening.

10 52 11 20 4 11 53 52 52 53 11 53 52 11 11 21 11 d s d In the electronic deviceC, an electronic componentmounted on the regionis arranged in the opening. Note that the display panelis electrically connected to an electronic componentthrough the electronic component. For example, a connector or the like can be used as the electronic componentor the electronic component. Since the display panelis electrically connected to the electronic componentthrough the electronic component, the regiondoes not need to have a curved surface. When the curved surface is not included, the control of the radius of curvature can be omitted. In addition, the adhesion between the display paneland the componentcan be improved. Furthermore, the assembly of the electronic deviceC can be facilitated.

1 FIG. 9 FIG. 30 24 A foldable electronic device with a novel structure can be provided with use ofto. In the electronic device, the radius of curvature of a flexible display panel can be controlled. As a method for controlling the radius of curvature of the display panel, the display panel partly slides by using the movable moduleand the component, so that the display panel can move a distance that is the same as the position shift generated when the display panel has a curved surface. It is thus possible to prevent the display panel from being broken by stress applied on the curved surface of the display panel. It is also possible to provide an electronic device including a flexible display panel that is prevented from slipping off from the electronic device.

The structures and methods described in this embodiment can be used in appropriate combination with the structures and methods described in the other embodiments.

In this embodiment, an example of the display panel illustrated in the above embodiment will be described.

10 FIG.(A) 700 700 701 705 712 701 702 704 706 701 705 712 702 shows a top view of a display panel. The display panelincludes a first substrateand a second substratethat are attached to each other with a sealant. In addition, over the first substrate, a pixel portion, a source driver, and a gate driverare provided in a region sealed with the first substrate, the second substrate, and the sealant. Furthermore, a plurality of display elements are provided in the pixel portion.

701 705 708 716 716 702 704 706 708 710 A portion of the first substratethat does not overlap with the second substrateis provided with a terminal portionto which an FPC(FPC: Flexible printed circuit) is connected. The FPCsupplies a variety of signals and the like to the pixel portion, the source driver, and the gate driverthrough the terminal portionand a signal line.

706 706 704 701 716 702 A plurality of gate driversmay be provided. In addition, each of the gate driverand the source drivermay be formed separately over a semiconductor substrate or the like and may be in the form of a packaged IC chip. The IC chip can be mounted over the first substrateor on the FPC. Note that the IC chip can be mounted on a surface (back surface) different from a display surface of the pixel portionon which display data is displayed.

702 704 706 The pixel portion, the source driver, and the gate drivercan include transistors.

702 Examples of the display element provided in the pixel portioninclude a liquid crystal element and a light-emitting element. As the liquid crystal element, a transmissive liquid crystal element, a reflective liquid crystal element, a transflective liquid crystal element, or the like can be used. Examples of the light-emitting element include self-luminous elements such as a micro LED (Light Emitting Diode), an OLED (Organic LED), a QLED (Quantum-dot LED), and a semiconductor laser. Moreover, a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) shutter element, an optical interference type MEMS element, or a display element using a microcapsule method, an electrophoretic method, an electrowetting method, an Electronic Liquid Powder (registered trademark) method, or the like can also be used, for example.

10 FIG.(B) 10 FIG.(A) 10 FIG.(B) 716 708 700 708 702 708 716 708 shows a connection between the FPCand the terminal portionincluded in the display panelshown in. In, with use of a through electrode, the terminal portioncan be exposed on the back surface direction of the pixel portionon which display data is displayed. The terminal portionand the FPCare connected with an anisotropic conductive film containing a conductive particle CP with a diameter of approximately 3 μm. A driver IC, a connector, or the like may be connected to the terminal portion.

11 FIG. 13 FIG. 11 FIG. 13 FIG. 10 FIG.(A) 11 FIG. 12 FIG. 13 FIG. Structures using a liquid crystal element or an EL element as a display element are described below with reference toto. Note thattoare each a cross-sectional view taken along the dashed-dotted line Q-R in.andeach illustrate a structure using a liquid crystal element as a display element, andillustrates a structure using an EL element.

700 711 702 704 708 711 710 702 750 790 704 752 790 11 FIG. 13 FIG. 12 FIG. The display panelshown intoincludes a lead wiring portion, the pixel portion, the source driver, and the terminal portion. The lead wiring portionincludes the signal line. The pixel portionincludes a transistorand a capacitor. The source driverincludes a transistor.illustrates the case where the capacitoris not provided.

750 752 As an example, the transistorand the transistoreach include a metal oxide in a semiconductor layer that is highly purified and in which formation of oxygen vacancies is inhibited. The transistors can each have a low off-state current. Accordingly, an electrical signal such as an image signal can be held for a longer time, and the interval between writings can also be set longer in a power on state. Therefore, the frequency of refresh operations can be reduced, producing an effect of reducing power consumption. Hereinafter, a transistor including a metal oxide in a semiconductor layer is referred to as an OS transistor.

The transistors used in this embodiment can have comparatively high field-effect mobility and thus are capable of high-speed operation. For example, when such transistors capable of high-speed operation are used in a display panel, a switching transistor in a pixel portion and a driver transistor used in a driver circuit portion can be formed over one substrate.

That is, a semiconductor device formed with a silicon wafer or the like is not additionally needed as a driver circuit; thus, the number of components of the semiconductor device can be reduced. Moreover, when the transistors capable of high-speed operation are used also in the pixel portion, a high-quality image can be provided.

Note that transistors with a variety of modes can be used as the transistors. Thus, there is no limitation on the type of transistors used. For example, it is possible to use a thin film transistor (TFT) including a non-single-crystal semiconductor film typified by amorphous silicon, polycrystalline silicon, microcrystalline (also referred to as microcrystal or semi-amorphous) silicon, or the like. The use of the TFT has various advantages. For example, since the TFT can be manufactured at a temperature lower than that of the case of using single crystal silicon, manufacturing costs can be reduced or a larger manufacturing apparatus can be used. Since a larger manufacturing apparatus can be used, TFTs can be manufactured over a large substrate. This enables a large number of display panels to be manufactured at a time, reducing the manufacturing costs. In addition, a low manufacturing temperature allows the use of a low heat-resistance substrate. Thus, transistors can manufactured over a transparent substrate (a light-transmitting substrate). The transmission of light in a display element can be controlled by the transistors over the substrate. Alternatively, part of films of the transistors can transmit light because of their thin thicknesses. Accordingly, the aperture ratio can be improved.

Note that when a catalyst (e.g., nickel) is used in the formation of polycrystalline silicon, crystallinity can be further improved and a transistor having excellent electrical characteristics can be formed. As a result, a gate driver circuit (a scan line driver circuit), a source driver circuit (a signal line driver circuit), and a signal processing circuit (e.g., a signal generation circuit, a gamma correction circuit, or a DA converter circuit) can be integrally formed over a substrate.

Note that when a catalyst (e.g., nickel) is used in the formation of microcrystalline silicon, crystallinity can be further improved and a transistor having excellent electrical characteristics can be formed. In that case, crystallinity can be improved by just performing heat treatment without performing laser irradiation. As a result, a gate driver circuit (a scan line driver circuit) and part of a source driver circuit (e.g., an analog switch) can be integrally formed over a substrate. Note that when laser irradiation for crystallization is not performed, unevenness in crystallinity of silicon can be reduced. Therefore, images with improved quality can be displayed.

Note that it is possible to form polycrystalline silicon or microcrystalline silicon without a catalyst (e.g., nickel).

Note that although the crystallinity of silicon is preferably improved to polycrystal, microcrystal, or the like in the whole panel, the present invention is not limited to this. The crystallinity of silicon may be improved only in a partial region of the panel. Selective increase in crystallinity can be achieved by selective laser light irradiation or the like. For example, only a peripheral circuit region excluding pixels may be irradiated with laser light. Alternatively, only a region of a gate driver circuit, a source driver circuit, or the like may be irradiated with laser light. Alternatively, only part of a source driver circuit (e.g., an analog switch) may be irradiated with laser light. Accordingly, the crystallinity of silicon can be improved only in a region in which a circuit needs to operate at high speed. Because a pixel region is not particularly needed to operate at high speed, the pixel circuit can operate without any problem even if the crystallinity is not improved. Since the crystallinity only needs to be improved in a small region, manufacturing steps can be decreased, throughput can be increased, and manufacturing costs can be reduced. In addition, the number of necessary manufacturing apparatuses is reduced, resulting in lower manufacturing costs.

790 750 750 790 11 FIG. 13 FIG. The capacitorshown inandincludes a lower electrode formed by processing the same film as that for the semiconductor layer of the transistorand reducing the resistance, and an upper electrode formed by processing the same conductive film as that for a source electrode or a drain electrode. Furthermore, two insulating films covering the transistorare provided between the lower electrode and the upper electrode. That is, the capacitorhas a stacked-layer structure in which the insulating films functioning as dielectric films are interposed between a pair of electrodes.

770 750 752 790 A planarization insulating filmis provided over the transistor, the transistor, and the capacitor.

750 702 752 704 704 As the transistorincluded in the pixel portionand the transistorincluded in the source driver, transistors having different structures may be used. For example, a top-gate transistor may be used as one of the transistors and a bottom-gate transistor may be used as the other. Note that the source driverdescribed above may be replaced with a gate driver circuit portion.

710 750 752 The signal lineis formed using the same conductive film as that for the source electrodes and the drain electrodes of the transistorsand, and the like. Here, a low-resistance material such as a material containing a copper element is preferably used, in which case signal delay or the like due to wiring resistance can be reduced and display on a large screen is possible.

708 760 780 716 760 716 780 760 750 752 The terminal portionincludes a connection electrode, an anisotropic conductive film, and the FPC. The connection electrodeis electrically connected to a terminal of the FPCthrough the anisotropic conductive film. Here, the connection electrodeis formed using the same conductive film as that for the source electrodes and the drain electrodes of the transistorsand, and the like.

701 705 As the first substrateand the second substrate, a glass substrate or a flexible substrate such as a plastic substrate can be used, for example.

705 738 736 734 On the second substrateside, a light-blocking film, a coloring film, and an insulating filmthat is in contact with these films are provided.

700 775 775 772 774 776 774 705 772 750 772 770 11 FIG. The display panelshown inincludes a liquid crystal element. The liquid crystal elementincludes a conductive layer, a conductive layer, and a liquid crystal layerprovided therebetween. The conductive layeris provided on the second substrateside and has a function of a common electrode. In addition, the conductive layeris electrically connected to the source electrode or the drain electrode of the transistor. The conductive layeris formed over the planarization insulating filmand functions as a pixel electrode.

772 For the conductive layer, a material having a visible-light-transmitting property or a material having a visible-light-reflecting property can be used. An oxide material containing indium, zinc, tin, or the like is preferably used as the light-transmitting material, for example. A material containing aluminum, silver, or the like is preferably used as the reflective material, for example.

772 700 772 700 When a reflective material is used for the conductive layer, the display panelis a reflective liquid crystal display panel. On the other hand, when a light-transmitting material is used for the conductive layer, the display panelis a transmissive liquid crystal display panel. In the case of a reflective liquid crystal display panel, a polarizing plate is provided on the viewer side. On the other hand, in the case of a transmissive liquid crystal display panel, a pair of polarizing plates are provided such that the liquid crystal element is sandwiched therebetween.

700 775 774 772 773 776 772 774 12 FIG. The display panelshown inis an example of using the liquid crystal elementin a horizontal electric field mode (e.g., an FFS mode). The conductive layerfunctioning as a common electrode is provided over the conductive layerwith an insulating layertherebetween. The alignment state of the liquid crystal layercan be controlled by an electric field generated between the conductive layerand the conductive layer.

12 FIG. 774 773 772 In, a storage capacitor can be composed of a stacked-layer structure of the conductive layer, the insulating layer, and the conductive layer. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide a capacitor separately, increasing the aperture ratio.

11 FIG. 12 FIG. 776 Although not shown inand, an alignment film in contact with the liquid crystal layermay be provided. Furthermore, an optical member (an optical substrate) such as a polarizing member, a retardation member, or an anti-reflection member and a light source such as a backlight or a side light can be provided as appropriate.

776 For the liquid crystal layer, thermotropic liquid crystal, low-molecular liquid crystal, high-molecular liquid crystal, polymer dispersed liquid crystal, polymer network liquid crystal, ferroelectric liquid crystal, anti-ferroelectric liquid crystal, or the like can be used. In the case of employing a horizontal electric field mode, liquid crystal exhibiting a blue phase for which an alignment film is not used may be used.

As the mode of the liquid crystal element, a TN (Twisted Nematic) mode, a VA (Vertical Alignment) mode, an IPS (In-Plane-Switching) mode, an FFS (Fringe Field Switching) mode, an ASM (Axially Symmetric aligned Micro-cell) mode, an OCB (Optical Compensated Birefringence) mode, an ECB (Electrically Controlled Birefringence) mode, a guest-host mode, or the like can be used.

700 782 782 772 786 788 786 13 FIG. The display panelshown inincludes a light-emitting element. The light-emitting elementincludes the conductive layer, an EL layer, and a conductive film. The EL layercontains an organic compound or an inorganic compound such as a quantum dot.

Examples of materials that can be used for an organic compound include a fluorescent material and a phosphorescent material. Examples of materials that can be used for a quantum dot include a colloidal quantum dot material, an alloyed quantum dot material, a core-shell quantum dot material, and a core quantum dot material.

700 730 772 770 782 788 782 772 772 788 13 FIG. In the display panelshown in, an insulating filmcovering part of the conductive layeris provided over the planarization insulating film. Here, the light-emitting elementis a top-emission light-emitting element including the light-transmitting conductive film. Note that the light-emitting elementmay have a bottom-emission structure in which light is emitted to the conductive layerside or a dual-emission structure in which light is emitted to both the conductive layerand the conductive film.

736 782 738 730 711 704 736 738 734 782 734 732 736 786 The coloring filmis provided in a position overlapping with the light-emitting element, and the light-blocking filmis provided in a position overlapping with the insulating filmand in the lead wiring portionand the source driver. The coloring filmand the light-blocking filmare covered with the insulating film. A space between the light-emitting elementand the insulating filmis filled with a sealing film. Note that a structure without the coloring filmmay also be employed in the case where the EL layeris formed into an island shape for each pixel or a stripe shape for each pixel column, i.e., formed by separate coloring.

700 11 FIG. 13 FIG. An input device may be provided in the display panelshown into. Examples of the input device include a touch sensor.

For example, a variety of types such as a capacitive type, a resistive type, a surface acoustic wave type, an infrared type, an optical type, and a pressure-sensitive type can be used for the sensor. Alternatively, a combination of two or more of these types may be employed.

700 700 Note that examples of a touch panel structure include a so-called in-cell touch panel in which an input device is formed inside a pair of substrates, a so-called on-cell touch panel in which an input device is formed over the display panel, and a so-called out-cell touch panel in which an input device is attached to the display panel.

At least part of the structure examples, the drawings corresponding thereto, and the like illustrated in this embodiment can be implemented in appropriate combination with the other structure examples, the other drawings, and the like.

At least part of this embodiment can be implemented in appropriate combination with the other embodiments described in this specification.

14 FIG. In this embodiment, a display panel will be described with reference to.

14 FIG.(A) 702 504 791 707 791 The display panel shown inincludes a pixel portion, a driver circuit portion, protection circuits, and a terminal portion. Note that a structure in which the protection circuitsare not provided may be employed.

702 504 791 An OS transistor can be used as transistors included in the pixel portionand the driver circuit portion. An OS transistor can also be used in the protection circuits.

702 501 The pixel portionincludes a plurality of pixel circuitsthat drive a plurality of display elements arranged in X rows and Y columns (X and Y each independently represent a natural number of 2 or more).

504 706 1 704 1 706 704 704 The driver circuit portionincludes driver circuits such as a gate driverthat outputs a scan signal to gate lines GL_to GL_X and a source driverthat supplies a data signal to data lines DL_to DL_Y. The gate driverincludes at least a shift register. The source driveris formed using a plurality of analog switches, for example. Alternatively, the source drivermay be formed using a shift register or the like.

707 The terminal portionrefers to a portion provided with terminals for inputting power, control signals, image signals, and the like to the display panel from external circuits.

791 791 791 706 501 704 501 14 FIG.(A) The protection circuitis a circuit that makes, when a potential out of a certain range is supplied to a wiring connected to the protection circuit, the wiring and another wiring be in a conduction state. The protection circuitshown inis connected to, for example, a variety of wirings such as scan lines GL, which are wirings between the gate driverand the pixel circuits, and data lines DL, which are wirings between the source driverand the pixel circuits.

706 704 702 The gate driverand the source drivermay be provided over the same substrate as the pixel portion, or a substrate where a gate driver circuit or a source driver circuit is separately formed (e.g., a driver circuit board formed using a single crystal semiconductor film or a polycrystalline semiconductor film) may be mounted on the substrate by COG or TAB (Tape Automated Bonding).

501 14 FIG.(A) 14 14 FIG.(B) or(C) The plurality of pixel circuitsshown incan have a configuration shown in, for example.

501 570 550 560 501 14 FIG.(B) The pixel circuitshown inincludes a liquid crystal element, a transistor, and a capacitor. In addition, a data line DL_n, a scan line GL_m, a potential supply line VL, and the like are connected to the pixel circuit.

570 501 570 570 501 570 501 The potential of one of a pair of electrodes of the liquid crystal elementis set in accordance with the specifications of the pixel circuitas appropriate. The alignment state of the liquid crystal elementis set depending on written data. Note that a common potential may be supplied to one of the pair of electrodes of the liquid crystal elementincluded in each of the plurality of pixel circuits. Alternatively, a potential supplied to one of the pair of electrodes of the liquid crystal elementin the pixel circuitmay differ between rows.

501 552 554 562 572 501 14 FIG.(C) The pixel circuitshown inincludes transistorsand, a capacitor, and a light-emitting element. In addition, the data line DL_n, the scan line GL_m, a potential supply line VL_a, a potential supply line VL_b, and the like are connected to the pixel circuit.

DD SS 572 554 572 Note that a high power supply potential Vis supplied to one of the potential supply line VL_a and the potential supply line VL_b, and a low power supply potential Vis supplied to the other. Current flowing through the light-emitting elementis controlled in accordance with the potential supplied to a gate of the transistor, so that the luminance of light emitted from the light-emitting elementis controlled.

At least part of the structure examples, the drawings corresponding thereto, and the like illustrated in this embodiment can be implemented in appropriate combination with the other structure examples, the other drawings, and the like.

At least part of this embodiment can be implemented in appropriate combination with the other embodiments described in this specification.

A pixel circuit including a memory for correcting gray levels displayed by pixels and a display panel including the pixel circuit will be described below.

15 FIG.(A) 400 400 1 2 1 401 1 2 1 2 400 shows a circuit diagram of a pixel circuit. The pixel circuitincludes a transistor Tr, a transistor Tr, a capacitor C, and a circuit. In addition, a wiring S, a wiring S, a wiring G, and a wiring Gare connected to the pixel circuit.

1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 401 In the transistor Tr, a gate is connected to the wiring G, one of a source and a drain is connected to the wiring S, and the other is connected to one electrode of the capacitor C. In the transistor Tr, a gate is connected to the wiring G, one of a source and a drain is connected to the wiring S, and the other is connected to the other electrode of the capacitor Cand the circuit.

401 The circuitis a circuit including at least one display element. A variety of elements can be used as the display element, and typically, a light-emitting element such as an organic EL element or an LED element, a liquid crystal element, a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) element, or the like can be employed.

1 1 1 2 401 2 A node connecting the transistor Trand the capacitor Cis denoted as N, and a node connecting the transistor Trand the circuitis denoted as N.

400 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 In the pixel circuit, the potential of the node Ncan be retained when the transistor Tris turned off. The potential of the node Ncan be retained when the transistor Tris turned off. When a predetermined potential is written to the node Nthrough the transistor Trwith the transistor Trbeing in an off state, the potential of the node Ncan be changed in accordance with displacement of the potential of the node Nowing to capacitive coupling through the capacitor C.

1 2 1 2 Here, an OS transistor can be used as one or both of the transistor Trand the transistor Tr. Accordingly, the potentials of the node Nand the node Ncan be retained for a long time owing to an extremely low off-state current. Note that in the case where the period in which the potential of each node is retained is short (specifically, the case where the frame frequency is higher than or equal to 30 Hz, for example), a transistor using a semiconductor such as silicon may be used.

400 400 15 FIG.(B) 15 FIG.(B) Next, an example of a method for operating the pixel circuitis described with reference to.is a timing chart of the operation of the pixel circuit. Note that here, for simplification of description, the influence of a variety of resistance such as wiring resistance, the parasitic capacitance of a transistor, a wiring, and the like, the threshold voltage of a transistor, and the like is not taken into consideration.

15 FIG.(B) 1 2 1 2 2 1 In the operation shown in, one frame period is divided into a period Tand a period T. The period Tis a period in which a potential is written to the node N, and the period Tis a period in which a potential is written to the node N.

1 1 2 1 2 ref w In the period T, a potential for turning on the transistor is supplied to both the wiring Gand the wiring G. In addition, a potential Vthat is a fixed potential is supplied to the wiring S, and a first data potential Vis supplied to the wiring S.

ref w w ref 1 1 1 2 2 1 The potential Vis supplied from the wiring Sto the node Nthrough the transistor Tr. The first data potential Vis supplied to the node Nthrough the transistor Tr. Accordingly, a potential difference V−Vis retained in the capacitor C.

2 1 1 2 2 1 2 data Next, in the period T, a potential for turning on the transistor Tris supplied to the wiring G, and a potential for turning off the transistor Tris supplied to the wiring G. A second data potential Vis supplied to the wiring S. The wiring Smay be supplied with a predetermined constant potential or brought into a floating state.

data data w data ref 1 1 1 2 401 15 FIG.(B) The second data potential Vis supplied to the node Nthrough the transistor Tr. At this time, capacitive coupling due to the capacitor Cchanges the potential of the node Nby a potential dV in accordance with the second data potential V. That is, a potential that is the sum of the first data potential Vand the potential dV is input to the circuit. Note that although the potential dV is shown as having a positive value in, it may have a negative value. In other words, the potential Vmay be lower than the potential V.

1 401 1 401 data Here, the potential dV is roughly determined by the capacitance of the capacitor Cand the capacitance of the circuit. In the case where the capacitance of the capacitor Cis sufficiently higher than the capacitance of the circuit, the potential dV is a potential close to the second data potential V.

401 400 400 As described above, a potential to be supplied to the circuitincluding the display element can be generated by a combination of two kinds of data signals in the pixel circuit, so that gray levels can be corrected in the pixel circuit.

400 1 2 The pixel circuitcan also generate a potential exceeding the maximum potential that can be supplied to the wiring Sand the wiring S. For example, in the case of using a light-emitting element, high-dynamic range (HDR) display or the like can be performed. In the case of using a liquid crystal element, overdriving or the like can be achieved.

400 401 401 2 15 FIG.(C) A pixel circuitLC shown inincludes a circuitLC. The circuitLC includes a liquid crystal element LC and a capacitor C.

2 2 2 com2 com1 One electrode of the liquid crystal element LC is connected to the node Nand one electrode of the capacitor C, and the other electrode is connected to a wiring supplied with a potential V. The other electrode of the capacitor Cis connected to a wiring supplied with a potential V.

2 2 The capacitor Cfunctions as a storage capacitor. Note that the capacitor Ccan be omitted when not needed.

400 1 2 In the pixel circuitLC, a high voltage can be supplied to the liquid crystal element LC; thus, high-speed display can be performed by overdriving or a liquid crystal material with a high drive voltage can be employed, for example. In addition, gray levels can also be corrected in accordance with the operating temperature, the degradation state of the liquid crystal element LC, or the like by supply of a correction signal to the wiring Sor the wiring S.

400 401 401 3 2 15 FIG.(D) A pixel circuitEL shown inincludes a circuitEL. The circuitEL includes a light-emitting element EL, a transistor Tr, and the capacitor C.

3 2 2 2 H com L In the transistor Tr, a gate is connected to the node Nand one electrode of the capacitor C, one of a source and a drain is connected to a wiring supplied with a potential V, and the other is connected to one electrode of the light-emitting element EL. The other electrode of the capacitor Cis connected to a wiring supplied with a potential V. The other electrode of the light-emitting element EL is connected to a wiring supplied with a potential V.

3 2 2 The transistor Trhas a function of controlling current to be supplied to the light-emitting element EL. The capacitor Cfunctions as a storage capacitor. The capacitor Ccan be omitted when not needed.

3 3 H L Note that although the structure in which the anode side of the light-emitting element EL is connected to the transistor Tris described here, the transistor Trmay be connected to the cathode side. In that case, the values of the potential Vand the potential Vcan be changed as appropriate.

400 3 3 1 2 In the pixel circuitEL, a large amount of current can flow through the light-emitting element EL when a high potential is supplied to the gate of the transistor Tr, which enables HDR display or the like, for example. In addition, a variation in the electrical characteristics of the transistor Trand the light-emitting element EL can also be corrected by supply of a correction signal to the wiring Sor the wiring S.

15 15 FIG.(C) and(D) Note that without limitation to the circuits illustrated in, a configuration to which a transistor, a capacitor, or the like is further added may be employed.

At least part of this embodiment can be implemented in appropriate combination with the other embodiments described in this specification.

In this embodiment, an electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to drawings.

16 FIG. An electronic device illustrated inincludes a housing and a display panel of one embodiment of the present invention in a display portion. Since the housing can be folded, a small, flexible electronic device provided with a large display region is achieved.

The electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention can have a variety of functions. For example, the electronic device can have a function of displaying a variety of information (a still image, a moving image, a text image, and the like) on the display portion, a touch panel function, a function of displaying a calendar, date, time, and the like, a function of executing a variety of software (programs), a wireless communication function, and a function of reading out a program or data stored in a recording medium.

200 220 210 220 230 240 250 250 230 210 An electronic devicefunctions as an input/output device. A sensorand the input/output deviceinclude a display portion, an input portion, and a sensing portion. The sensing portionpreferably includes an optical sensor. When the electronic device holds the first state, no display can be performed on the display portionwith use of a value sensed by the optical sensor. It is possible to reduce the power consumption in a period during which the electronic device is not used by a user. Note that the sensorpreferably includes one or more of a position sensor for sensing position information, a camera, a temperature sensor, a fingerprint sensor, and the like.

At least part of this embodiment can be implemented in appropriate combination with the other embodiments described in this specification.

Described in this embodiment is the composition of a CAC (Cloud-Aligned Composite)-OS applicable to the OS transistor described in the above embodiments.

The CAC-OS has, for example, a composition in which elements included in a metal oxide are unevenly distributed. Materials including unevenly distributed elements each have a size of greater than or equal to 0.5 nm and less than or equal to 10 nm, preferably greater than or equal to 1 nm and less than or equal to 2 nm, or a similar size. Note that in the following description of a metal oxide, a state in which one or more metal elements are unevenly distributed and regions including the metal element(s) are mixed is referred to as a mosaic pattern or a patch-like pattern. The regions each have a size of greater than or equal to 0.5 nm and less than or equal to 10 nm, preferably greater than or equal to 1 nm and less than or equal to 2 nm, or a similar size.

Note that a metal oxide preferably contains at least indium. In particular, indium and zinc are preferably contained. In addition, one kind or a plurality of kinds selected from aluminum, gallium, yttrium, copper, vanadium, beryllium, boron, silicon, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, magnesium, and the like may be contained.

X1 X2 Y2 Z2 X3 X4 Y4 Z4 X1 X2 Y2 Z2 For instance, a CAC-OS in an In—Ga—Zn oxide (an In—Ga—Zn oxide in the CAC-OS may be particularly referred to as CAC-IGZO) has a composition in which materials are separated into indium oxide (hereinafter, InO(X1 is a real number greater than 0)) or indium zinc oxide (hereinafter, InZnO(X2, Y2, and Z2 are real numbers greater than 0)) and gallium oxide (hereinafter, GaO(X3 is a real number greater than 0)) or gallium zinc oxide (hereinafter, GaZnO(X4, Y4, and Z4 are real numbers greater than 0)), for example, so that a mosaic pattern is formed, and mosaic-like InOor InZnOis evenly distributed in the film (which is hereinafter also referred to as cloud-like).

X3 X2 Y2 Z2 X1 That is, the CAC-OS is a composite metal oxide with a composition in which a region including GaOas a main component and a region including InZnOor InOas a main component are mixed. Note that in this specification, for example, when the atomic ratio of In to an element M in a first region is greater than the atomic ratio of In to an element M in a second region, the first region has higher In concentration than the second region.

3 m1 (1+x0) (1−x0) 3 m0 Note that IGZO is a common name, which may specify a compound containing In, Ga, Zn, and O. Typical examples of IGZO include a crystalline compound represented by InGaO(ZnO)(m1 is a natural number) and a crystalline compound represented by InGaO(ZnO)(−1≤x0≤1; m0 is a given number).

The above crystalline compounds have a single crystal structure, a polycrystalline structure, or a CAAC structure. Note that the CAAC structure is a crystal structure in which a plurality of IGZO nanocrystals have c-axis alignment and are connected in the a-b plane direction without alignment.

On the other hand, the CAC-OS relates to the material composition of a metal oxide. In a material composition of a CAC-OS including In, Ga, Zn, and O, nanoparticle regions including Ga as a main component are observed in part of the CAC-OS and nanoparticle regions including In as a main component are observed in part thereof. These nanoparticle regions are randomly dispersed to form a mosaic pattern. Therefore, the crystal structure is a secondary element for the CAC-OS.

Note that in the CAC-OS, a stacked-layer structure including two or more films with different atomic ratios is not included. For example, a two-layer structure of a film including In as a main component and a film including Ga as a main component is not included.

X3 X2 Y2 Z2 X1 A boundary between the region including GaOas a main component and the region including InZnOor InOas a main component is difficult to clearly observe in some cases.

Note that in the case where one kind or a plurality of kinds selected from aluminum, yttrium, copper, vanadium, beryllium, boron, silicon, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, magnesium, and the like are contained instead of gallium, the CAC-OS refers to a composition in which some regions that include the metal element(s) as a main component and are observed as nanoparticles and some regions that include In as a main component and are observed as nanoparticles are randomly dispersed in a mosaic pattern.

The CAC-OS can be formed by a sputtering method under conditions where a substrate is not heated, for example. In the case of forming the CAC-OS by a sputtering method, one or more selected from an inert gas (typically, argon), an oxygen gas, and a nitrogen gas may be used as a deposition gas. The ratio of the flow rate of an oxygen gas to the total flow rate of the deposition gas at the time of deposition is preferably as low as possible, and for example, the flow ratio of an oxygen gas is preferably higher than or equal to 0% and lower than 30%, further preferably higher than or equal to 0% and lower than or equal to 10%.

The CAC-OS is characterized in that no clear peak is observed in measurement using θ/2 θ scan by an Out-of-plane method, which is an X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement method. That is, it is found from the X-ray diffraction measurement that no alignment in the a-b plane direction and the c-axis direction is observed in the measured region.

In an electron diffraction pattern of the CAC-OS that is obtained by irradiation with an electron beam with a probe diameter of 1 nm (also referred to as a nanometer-sized electron beam), a ring-like region with high luminance (a ring region) and a plurality of bright spots in the ring region are observed. Therefore, the electron diffraction pattern indicates that the crystal structure of the CAC-OS includes an nc (nano-crystal) structure with no alignment in the plan-view direction and the cross-sectional direction.

X3 X2 Y2 Z2 X1 Moreover, for example, it can be confirmed by EDX mapping obtained using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) that the CAC-OS in the In-Ga-Zn oxide has a composition in which regions including GaOas a main component and regions including InZnOor InOas a main component are unevenly distributed and mixed.

X3 X2 Y2 Z2 X1 The CAC-OS has a structure different from that of an IGZO compound in which metal elements are evenly distributed, and has characteristics different from those of the IGZO compound. That is, in the CAC-OS, regions including GaOor the like as a main component and regions including InZnOor InOas a main component are phase-separated from each other and form a mosaic pattern.

X2 Y2 Z2 X1 X3 X2 Y2 Z2 X1 X2 Y2 Z2 X1 The conductivity of a region including InZnOor InOas a main component is higher than that of a region including GaOor the like as a main component. In other words, when carriers flow through regions including InZnOor InOas a main component, the conductivity of a metal oxide is exhibited. Accordingly, when regions including InZnOor InOas a main component are distributed in a metal oxide like a cloud, high field-effect mobility (μ) can be achieved.

X3 X2 Y2 Z2 X1 X3 By contrast, the insulating property of a region including GaOor the like as a main component is higher than that of a region including InZnOor InOas a main component. In other words, when regions including GaOor the like as a main component are distributed in a metal oxide, leakage current can be suppressed and favorable switching operation can be achieved.

X3 X2 Y2 Z2 X1 on Accordingly, when a CAC-OS is used for a semiconductor element, the insulating property derived from GaOor the like and the conductivity derived from InZnOor InOcomplement each other, whereby a high on-state current (I) and high field-effect mobility (μ) can be achieved.

A semiconductor element including a CAC-OS has high reliability. Thus, the CAC-OS is suitably used in a variety of semiconductor devices typified by a display.

This embodiment can be implemented in appropriate combination with any of the other embodiments.

G th G th G th D Unless otherwise specified, an on-state current in this specification refers to a drain current of a transistor in an on state. Unless otherwise specified, the on state (sometimes abbreviated as on) refers to a state where the voltage between its gate and source (V) is higher than or equal to the threshold voltage (V) in an n-channel transistor, and a state where Vis lower than or equal to Vin a p-channel transistor. For example, the on-state current of an n-channel transistor refers to a drain current when Vis higher than or equal to V. Furthermore, the on-state current of a transistor depends on a voltage between a drain and a source (V) in some cases.

G th G th G th G G 10 10 −21 −21 Unless otherwise specified, an off-state current in this specification refers to a drain current of a transistor in an off state. Unless otherwise specified, the off state (sometimes abbreviated to as off) refers to a state where Vis lower than Vin an n-channel transistor, and a state where Vis higher than Vin a p-channel transistor. For example, the off-state current of an n-channel transistor refers to a drain current when Vis lower than V. The off-state current of a transistor depends on Vin some cases. Thus, “the off-state current of a transistor is lower thanA” may mean that there is Vat which the off-state current of the transistor is lower thanA.

D D D 3 Furthermore, the off-state current of a transistor depends on Vin some cases. Unless otherwise specified, the off-state current in this specification may refer to an off-state current at Vwith an absolute value of 0.1 V, 0.8 V, 1 V, 1.2 V, 1.8 V, 2.5 V,V, 3.3 V, 10 V, 12 V, 16 V, or 20 V. Alternatively, the off-state current may refer to an off-state current at Vused in a semiconductor device or the like including the transistor.

Note that a voltage refers to a potential difference between two points, and a potential refers to electrostatic energy (electric potential energy) of a unit charge at a given point in an electrostatic field. Note that in general, a potential difference between a potential of one point and a reference potential (e.g., a ground potential) is simply called a potential or a voltage, and a potential and a voltage are used as synonymous words in many cases. Therefore, in this specification, a potential may be rephrased as a voltage and a voltage may be rephrased as a potential unless otherwise specified.

In this specification and the like, when there is a description which explicitly states that X and Y are connected, the case where X and Y are electrically connected and the case where X and Y are directly connected are regarded as being disclosed in this specification and the like.

Here, X and Y each denote an object (e.g., a device, an element, a circuit, a wiring, an electrode, a terminal, a conductive film, or a layer).

An example of the case where X and Y are directly connected is the case where X and Y are connected without an element that enables electrical connection between X and Y (e.g., a switch, a transistor, a capacitor, an inductor, a resistor, a diode, a display element, a light-emitting element, or a load).

An example of the case where X and Y are electrically connected is the case where at least one element that enables electrical connection between X and Y (e.g., a switch, a transistor, a capacitor, an inductor, a resistor, a diode, a display element, a light-emitting element, or a load) can be connected between X and Y. Note that a switch has a function of controlling whether current flows or not by being in a conduction state (an on state) or a non-conduction state (an off state). Alternatively, the switch has a function of selecting and changing a current path. Note that the case where X and Y are electrically connected includes the case where X and Y are directly connected.

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