ADAPTING QUALITY OF EXPERIENCE (QoE) MEASUREMENT REPORT SIZES

The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to adapting quality of experience (QoE) measurement report sizes.

A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, which may be otherwise known as network equipment (NE), supporting wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE), or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers, or the like)). Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G)).

A QoE measurement collection (QMC) functionality facilitates an operator of a wireless communications system to collect and utilize QoE measurements, performed by UEs, for various services supported by the wireless communications system, such as streaming services, Multimedia Telephony Service for IP Multimedia System (MTSI) services, extended reality (XR) services, gaming, and so on. The operator may utilize the QoE measurements when configuring (e.g., optimizing) and/or enhancing a network for the supported services.

An article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a,” “at least one,” “one or more,” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of”) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.

The present disclosure relates to methods, apparatuses, and systems that configure and/or adapt QoE measurement reports.

A UE for wireless communication is described. The UE may be configured to, capable of, or operable to perform one or more operations as described herein. For example, the UE may comprise at least one memory and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the UE to receive a first message comprising a configuration that indicates a set of one or more parameters associated with collection and reporting of QoE measurements for a network service, perform the QoE measurements for the network service based on the set of one or more parameters, and transmit a second message that comprises the QoE measurements for the network service.

A processor for wireless communication is described. The processor may be configured to, capable of, or operable to perform one or more operations as described herein. For example, the processor may comprise at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to receive a first message comprising a configuration that indicates a set of one or more parameters associated with collection and reporting of QoE measurements for a network service, perform the QoE measurements for the network service based on the set of one or more parameters, and transmit a second message that comprises the QoE measurements for the network service.

A method performed or performable by a UE is described. The method may comprise receiving a first message comprising a configuration that indicates a set of one or more parameters associated with collection and reporting of QoE measurements for a network service, performing the QoE measurements for the network service based on the set of one or more parameters, and transmitting a second message that comprises the QoE measurements for the network service.

In some implementations of the UE, processor, and method described herein, the set of one or more parameters includes a time interval for collection of the QoE measurements, a maximum size of a QoE measurement report that includes the QoE measurements, a maximum number of segments of the second message, or a combination thereof.

In some implementations of the UE, processor, and method described herein, the set of one or more parameters includes a segment parameter associated with a capability of the UE to transmit the second message via multiple segments.

In some implementations of the UE, processor, and method described herein, the segment parameter identifies a maximum number of segments for the second message.

In some implementations of the UE, processor, and method described herein, the UE, processor, and method may further be configured to, capable of, performable, or operable to perform, via an application layer of the UE, the QoE measurements for the network service and generate a QoE measurement report container that includes a single QoE measurement report based the one or more parameters, and generate, via an access stratum (AS) layer of the UE, the second message as multiple segments based on the QoE measurement report container and the one or more parameters and transmit the multiple segments to a network entity.

In some implementations of the UE, processor, and method described herein, the one or more parameters include a parameter associated with a maximum number of uplink radio resource control (RRC) segments for the second message.

In some implementations of the UE, processor, and method described herein, the UE is in an RRC_IDLE state, and the UE, processor, and method may further be configured to, capable of, performable, or operable to receive the first message for a multicast broadcast service (MBS), and store a QoE measurement report that includes the performed QoE measurements for the network service based in an AS layer buffer of the UE.

In some implementations of the UE, processor, and method described herein, the network service is a streaming service, a virtual reality service, or a multimedia telephony service for IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) (MTSI) service.

A network entity for wireless communication is described. The network entity may be configured to, capable of, or operable to perform one or more operations as described herein. For example, the network entity may comprise at least one memory and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the network entity to transmit, to a UE, a first message comprising a configuration that indicates a set of one or more parameters associated with collection and reporting of QoE measurements for a network service, and receive, from the UE, a second message that comprises the QoE measurements for the network service.

A method performed or performable by network entity is described. The method may comprise transmitting, to a UE, a first message comprising a configuration that indicates a set of one or more parameters associated with collection and reporting of QoE measurements for a network service, and receiving, from the UE, a second message that comprises the QoE measurements for the network service.

In some implementations of the network entity and method described herein, the set of one or more parameters includes a time interval for collection of the QoE measurements, a maximum size of a QoE measurement report that includes the QoE measurements, a maximum number of segments of the second message, or a combination thereof.

In some implementations of the UE, processor, and method described herein, the set of one or more parameters includes a segment parameter associated with a capability of the network entity to receive the second message via multiple segments.

In some implementations of the UE, processor, and method described herein, the segment parameter identifies a maximum number of segments for the second message.

In some implementations of the UE, processor, and method described herein, the segment parameter identifies a maximum number of uplink RRC segments for the second message.

In some implementations of the UE, processor, and method described herein, the set of one or more parameters includes a segment parameter associated with capabilities of one or more neighbor network entities to receive the second message via multiple segments.

In some implementations of the network entity and method described herein, the network entity and method may further be configured to, capable of, performable, or operable to transmit the first message for an MBS.

In some implementations of the network entity and method described herein, the network service is a streaming service, a virtual reality service, or an MTSI service.

A UE may be equipped (e.g., configured) with a protocol stack that includes multiple layers (also referred to as protocol layers), which may be organized logically (e.g., in a functional hierarchy rather than a physical arrangement), with higher layers (e.g., application layers) being above lower layers (e.g., physical layers), and each layer supporting various operations and signaling to enable services for the UE. Each layer may communicate directly or indirectly (e.g., output, input, transmit, receive, forward, etc.) with one or more other layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, for various network services, an application layer of the UE performs QoE measurements, such as measurements associated with a connectivity (e.g., download or upload speeds) provided by a network, latency, perceived quality (e.g., video quality), response times, and so on. The UE applies a QMC functionality when performing the QoE measurement collection and reporting. The QMC functionality may define various aspects of QoE measurement, such as messaging between devices (e.g., QoE measurement configurations and/or reports may be encapsulated in transparent containers), the generation of measurement configurations (e.g., via different network nodes), the segmentation of QoE measurement reports (e.g., messages that transmit the QoE measurement reports).

In some cases, a base station (e.g., a gNB) and/or a UE associated with QoE measurement collection and reporting may not support (e.g., be configured for, be capable of) the segmentation (e.g., uplink RRC segmentation) of messages or may support (e.g., be configured for, be capable of) a limited number of message segments. Further, QoE measurement reports may vary in size (e.g., kilobytes (kB)), based on the associated network service, the collected QoE metrics, reporting intervals, and so on. For example, for a service (e.g., XR or gaming), the collected QoE metrics may be reported after a long reporting interval (e.g., over 10 minutes), resulting in a large QoE report (e.g., 18 kB or larger). When the UE performing the QoE measurement collection and/or an associated base station does not support message segmentation, the UE cannot transmit a QoE measurement report that includes QoE metrics. The UE may discard the QoE measurement report, and the base station (e.g., via the gNB) does not receive relevant or useful QoE metrics for the supported network service. Further, the UE may waste resources when performing a QoE measurement collection that is ultimately discarded because the UE or the base station cannot perform message segmentation to facilitate transfer of the QoE measurement report to the network.

The present disclosure introduces a framework for configuring the UE to perform QoE measurement procedures, such as message segmentation, based on capabilities of the UE and/or a network node (e.g., a gNB). For example, the UE may be configured to adapt or modify a size of a generated QoE measurement report based on the support or capabilities of message segmentation (e.g., uplink RRC segmentation) by the UE and/or the network node. In doing so, the network node (via the UE) may enhance the collection and reporting of QoE measurements for certain network services, while avoiding issues that arise when QoE measurement reports are large and/or reported over long reporting intervals, among other benefits.

Aspects of the present disclosure are described in the context of a wireless communications system.

1 FIG. 100 100 102 104 106 100 100 100 100 100 illustrates an example of a wireless communications systemin accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications systemmay include one or more NE, one or more UE, and a core network (CN). The wireless communications systemmay support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications systemmay be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications systemmay be an NR network, such as a 5G network, a 5G-Advanced (5G-A) network, or a 5G ultrawideband (5G-UWB) network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications systemmay support radio access technologies beyond 5G, for example, 6G. Additionally, the wireless communications systemmay support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), or code division multiple access (CDMA), etc.

102 100 102 102 104 102 104 The one or more NEmay be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system. One or more of the NEdescribed herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a network function, a network entity, a radio access network (RAN), a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB), a next-generation NodeB (gNB), or other suitable terminology. An NEand a UEmay communicate via a communication link, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, an NEand a UEmay perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.

102 102 104 102 104 102 102 An NEmay provide a geographic coverage area for which the NEmay support services for one or more UEswithin the geographic coverage area. For example, an NEand a UEmay support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc.) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, an NEmay be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network (NTN). In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas may be associated with different NE.

104 100 104 104 104 The one or more UEmay be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system. A UEmay include or may be referred to as a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a subscriber device, a transmitter device, a receiver device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UEmay be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UEmay be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples.

104 104 104 104 104 104 A UEmay be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEsover a communication link. For example, a UEmay support wireless communication directly with another UEover a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UEmay support wireless communication directly with another UEover a PC5 interface.

102 106 102 102 102 106 102 102 106 102 104 An NEmay support communications with the CN, or with another NE, or both. For example, an NEmay interface with other NEor the CNthrough one or more backhaul links (e.g., S1, N2, or network interface). In some implementations, the NEmay communicate with each other directly. In some other implementations, the NEmay communicate with each other, or indirectly (e.g., via the CN). In some implementations, one or more NEmay include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC). An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEsthrough one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs).

106 106 104 102 106 The CNmay support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The CNmay be an evolved packet core (EPC), or a 5G core (5GC), which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF)) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW), a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or a user plane function (UPF)). In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signaling bearers, etc.) for the one or more UEsserved by the one or more NEassociated with the CN.

106 104 104 106 102 106 104 104 106 106 The CNmay communicate with a packet data network over one or more backhaul links (e.g., via an S1, N2, or another network interface). The packet data network may include an application server. In some implementations, one or more UEsmay communicate with the application server. A UEmay establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the CNvia an NE. The CNmay route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UEand the application server using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session). The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UEand the CN(e.g., one or more network functions of the CN).

100 102 104 100 102 104 102 104 102 104 102 104 102 104 In the wireless communications system, the NEsand the UEsmay use resources of the wireless communications system(e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers)) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications). In some implementations, the NEsand the UEsmay support different resource structures. For example, the NEsand the UEsmay support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the NEsand the UEsmay support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the NEsand the UEsmay support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures). The NEsand the UEsmay support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.

100 One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.

A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames). Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.

100 Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols). In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing), a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.

100 100 102 104 102 104 102 104 In the wireless communications system, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications systemmay support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz-7.125 GHz), FR2 (24.25 GHz-52.6 GHz), FR3 (7.125 GHz-24.25 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz-114.25 GHz), FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz-71 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz-300 GHz). In some implementations, the NEsand the UEsmay perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the NEsand the UEs, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data). In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the NEsand the UEs, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.

FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies). For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0), which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1), which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2), which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies). For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2), which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3), which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.

100 102 210 104 2 FIG. The wireless communications systemmay support adapting sizes of QoE measurement reports, as described herein.illustrates example communications between a base station and a UE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. A gNB or base station, such as the NE, transmits a message, which includes a QoE measurement configuration for collecting/reporting QoE measurements, to the UE.

104 104 102 104 102 220 104 For example, when the UEsupports the segmentation of a MeasurementReportAppLayer message (e.g., a message used to transmit a QoE measurement report), but only for a limited number of segments, the UEmay indicate a maximum number of uplink RRC segments (e.g., 2-15 segments) it supports to the NE(e.g., the gNB). The UEmay send the indication via a UECapabilityInformation message. The NE(e.g., the gNB) generates the QoE measurement configuration to adapt a reporting interval of a configured QoE measurement and/or select a maximum size of a QoE measurement reportgenerated by the UE.

220 210 The QoE measurement configuration may include one or more parameters, including a time interval or reporting interval for collection of QoE measurements, a maximum size of a QoE measurement report that includes the QoE measurements, a maximum number of segments of the QoE measurement report, and so on. For example, a “reporting interval” parameter may be in seconds or minutes, and a “maximum size of QoE report” may be in kBytes (e.g., 8 kBytes, 16, kBtyes, 24 kBytes, or other sizes based on an RRC message size limit of 9000 bytes). For example, the messagemay include the maximum number of uplink RRC segments (e.g., 2-15 segments)

102 102 220 220 102 210 In some cases, when the NE(e.g., the gNB) supports the segmentation of a MeasurementReportAppLayer message, but only for a limited number of segments, the NEadapts the reporting interval of the configured QoE measurement reportand/or configures the maximum size of the generated QoE measurement reportbased on its supported capabilities. For example, the NEmay transmit the messageto include, via the QoE measurement configuration, the maximum number of uplink RRC segments (e.g., 2-15 segments) supported by the gNB.

104 102 102 104 102 220 In some cases, when both the UEand the NE(e.g., the gNB) support the segmentation of a MeasurementReportAppLayer message, but only for a limited number of segments, the NE(e.g., the gNB) may select a minimum value shared by both entities when configuring the parameters of the QoE measurement configuration. For example, if the UEsupports a maximum number of four RRC segments and the NE(e.g., the gNB) supports a maximum number of eight RRC segments, the gNB may select a “reporting interval” value that facilitates the use of four segments when transmitting the QoE measurement report.

104 210 104 The UEreceives the message, which contains the QoE measurement configuration (e.g., a set of one or more parameters associated with collection and reporting QoE measurements for a network service. For example, as described herein, an access stratum layer of the UEmay receive the parameters-“reporting interval” and/or “maximum size of QoE report” and forward the parameters to an application layer (e.g., via an attention (AT) command).

104 104 102 104 102 104 104 102 The UEperforms the QoE measurements for the network service. In some cases, such as when the UEis configured for QoE measurement collection in an RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state, the NE(e.g., the gNB) configures the UEwith the “reporting interval” and/or “maximum size of QoE report” parameters that are based on a segmentation capability of neighboring gNBs. For example, the NE(e.g., the gNB) may select a value for segmenting a message (e. g, a MeasurementReportAppLayer message) that corresponds to a minimum value for the segmentation capability across all neighboring gNBs or other base stations. Thus, the UEmay generate and transmit QoE measurement reports in an RRC_IDLE/RRC_INACTIVE state, even when the UEmoves to a new gNB or base station during a cell mobility procedure (e.g., during a cell selection/reselection procedure while in the RRC_IDLE/RRC_INACTIVE state). The NE(e.g., the gNB) may communicate with neighboring gNB via an Xn interface, or another suitable interface.

104 220 102 104 220 104 102 The UEmay transmit a second message that comprises the QoE measurements for the network service (e.g. the QoE measurement report) to the NE(e.g., the gNB), based on the parameters within the QoE measurement configuration. For example, the UEmay adapt a size of the generated QoE measurement reportbased on uplink RRC segmentation capabilities of the UEand the NE, among other benefits.

3 FIG. 1 2 FIGS.and 300 300 300 310 102 315 320 330 illustrates an example diagram of a messaging flowthat supports QoE measurement collection and reporting in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The messaging flowmay implement various aspects of the present disclosure described herein. For example, the messaging flowmay include a gNB(an example of the NE) and a UE(having a UE AS, and a UE AL), which may be examples of NEs and UEs as described herein with reference to.

300 310 315 320 330 310 315 320 330 300 300 300 In the following description of the messaging flow, the operations and/or signaling between the gNB, the UE, the UE AS, and the UE ALmay be performed or signaled (e.g., transmitted, received) in different orders or at different times than the example order or times shown. Some operations and/or signaling may also be omitted, or other operations or signaling may be added. Although the gNB, the UE, the UE AS, and the UE ALare shown performing the operations of the messaging flow, some aspects of some operations may also be performed by other entities of the messaging flowor by entities that are not shown in the messaging flow, or any combination thereof.

300 0 315 310 315 310 315 310 Before commencement of the message flow(e.g., at step), the UEmay be within a cell that is served by the gNBand operating in an RRC_CONNECTED state. For example, a protocol data unit (PDU) session for a virtual reality (VR) service, or another network service, may be established between the UEand the gNB(e.g., a serving gNB for the cell). The UEsupports QMC for the VR service and supports message segmentation (e.g., segmentation of a MeasurementReportAppLayer message) of 16 or fewer segments. Similarly, the gNBsupports QMC for the VR service and supports message segmentation (e.g., segmentation of a MeasurementReportAppLayer message) of two or fewer segments.

315 106 310 106 315 310 An Operations, Administration and Maintenance (OAM) function may request performance of QoE measurements for the VR service by the UEand other UEs receiving network services via a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN). The OAM may initiate the request via a QMC activation signaled to a CN (e.g., the CN) associated with the gNB. The CNreceives a QoE measurement configuration from the OAM, activates the QoE measurement configuration for the UE, and forwards the QoE measurement configuration to the gNBusing an “Activate QoE measurement” message.

For example, the QoE measurement configuration may include QoE metrics for the VR service, such as average throughput, initial playout delay, buffer level, play list, device information, and/or a reporting interval (e.g., set to 30 min), which corresponds to a time interval for collecting the QoE measurements.

106 310 315 Using the QoE measurement configuration received from the CN, the gNBdetermines the UEmay generate QoE reports that exceed an RRC message size limit (e.g., 9000 bytes) and/or a maximum number of supported segments (e.g., a max of 2 segments).

1 310 320 315 310 320 315 At step, the gNBmay send an RRC reconfiguration message to the UE ASof the UE. For example, the gNBsends a QoE measurement configuration in an RRCReconfiguration message to the AS layer (e.g., the UE AS) of the UE. The QoE measurement configuration may include a QoE measurement configuration container and a set of one or more of the following parameters: a reporting interval set to 10 min, a maximum size of a QoE measurement report set to 16 kBytes, and/or a maximum number of allowed uplink RRC segments set to 2 segments.

315 310 315 310 In some embodiments, the UEmay support the segmentation of the MeasurementReportAppLayer message for a limited number of segments (e.g., 6 segments). The gNBmay select a minimum value of uplink RRC segmentation capabilities supported by the UEand the gNBwhen configuring the parameters (e.g., “reporting interval,” “maximum size of QoE report,” and/or “maximum number of allowed UL RRC segments”) in the QoE measurement configuration.

2 320 330 320 330 At step, the UE ASsends an AT command to the UE AL. For example, the UE ASsends the received QoE measurement configuration container and the set of one or more parameters (e.g., “reporting interval” and “maximum size of QoE report”) to UE ALusing the AT command.

3 330 315 330 330 310 At step, the UE ALstarts a QoE measurement collection. For example, the UE, vis the UE AL, collects or performs QoE measurements for the VR service based on the QoE measurement configuration. The UE ALmay apply the configured reporting interval (e.g., set to 10 min), received from the gNB, in place of a reporting interval (e.g., set to 30 min) defined in the QoE measurement configuration container.

4 330 320 330 320 At step, the UE ALsends an AT command to the UE AS. For example, based on the received QoE measurement configuration, the UE ALsends a first QoE measurement report (e.g., 16 kBytes in size) to the UE ASin a QoE measurement report container using the AT command.

5 5 315 320 310 320 320 310 a b At steps/, the UE, via the UE AS, transmits two message segments (e.g., ULDedicatedMessageSegment messages) to the gNB. For example, the UE ASgenerates or creates a single MeasurementReportAppLayer message that contains the received first QoE measurement report. Based on the parameter “maximum number of allowed UL RRC segments” the UE ASsends, to the gNB, the MeasurementReportAppLayer message in two segments, using ULDedicatedMessageSegment messages.

4 FIG. 400 320 420 430 320 420 430 illustrates an example diagramof a segmented QoE measurement report. The UE AS, based on the parameters of the QoE measurement configuration, may segment or otherwise divide the QoE measurement report into two message segments,(e.g., segment 1, segment 2). In some cases, the QoE measurement report may be divided into equal segments (e.g., each segment being 8 kBtyes). In other cases, the QoE measurement report may be divided into unequal segments (e.g., a first segment being 9 kBytes and a second segment being 7 kBytes). The UE ASmay transmit the two message segments,using the ULDedicatedMessageSegment messages.

6 310 320 310 106 106 At step, the gNBperforms reassembly of the messages received from the UE AS. For example, the gNBreassembles the received segments of the MeasurementReportAppLayer message and may forward the received QoE measurement report to a measurement collection entity (MCE) or similar entity (not shown) that is part of the CNor outside of the CN.

5 FIG. 1 2 FIGS.and 500 500 500 310 102 315 320 330 illustrates an example diagram of a messaging flowthat supports QoE measurement collection and reporting in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The messaging flowmay implement various aspects of the present disclosure described herein. For example, the messaging flowmay include the gNB(an example of the NE) and the UE(having the UE AS, and the UE AL), which may be examples of NEs and UEs as described herein with reference to.

500 310 315 320 330 310 315 320 330 500 500 300 In the following description of the messaging flow, the operations and/or signaling between the gNB, the UE, the UE AS, and the UE ALmay be performed or signaled (e.g., transmitted, received) in different orders or at different times than the example order or times shown. Some operations and/or signaling may also be omitted, or other operations or signaling may be added. Although the gNB, the UE, the UE AS, and the UE ALare shown performing the operations of the messaging flow, some aspects of some operations may also be performed by other entities of the messaging flowor by entities that are not shown in the messaging flow, or any combination thereof.

500 315 315 310 Before commencement of the message flow, the UEmay support QMC for an MBS broadcast service in an RRC_IDLE and an RRC_INACTIVE state. The UEmay support the segmentation of the MeasurementReportAppLayer message for a limited number of segments (e.g., 6 segments). Similarly, the gNBmay support QMC for the MBS broadcast service and the segmentation of the MeasurementReportAppLayer message for a limited number of segments (e.g., 2 segments).

315 106 106 315 310 The OAM may request performance of QoE measurements for the MBS broadcast service by the UEand other UEs receiving network services via a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN). The OAM may initiate the request via a QMC activation signaled to the CN. The CNreceives a QoE measurement configuration from the OAM, activates the QoE measurement configuration for the UE, and forwards the QoE measurement configuration to the gNBusing an “Activate QoE measurement” message.

For example, the QoE measurement configuration may include QoE metrics for the MBS broadcast service, such as average throughput, initial playout delay, buffer level, play list, device information, and/or a reporting interval (e.g., set to 30 min), which corresponds to a time interval for collecting the QoE measurements.

106 310 315 Using the QoE measurement configuration received from the CN, the gNBdetermines the UEmay generate QoE reports that exceed an RRC message size limit (e.g., 9000 bytes) and/or a maximum number of supported segments (e.g., a max of 2 segments).

0 315 315 310 At step, the UEis in an RRC_CONNECTED state. For example, a PDU session for voice communications has been established between the UEand the gNB.

1 310 315 310 315 320 315 At step, the gNBsends an RRC release message to the UE. For example, the gNB, in response to a voice call ending at the UE, sends an RRCRelease message to the UE ASto transfer the UEto an RRC_IDLE state. The RRCRelease message may contain a QoE measurement configuration for the MBS broadcast service in the RRC_IDLE state. As described herein, the QoE measurement configuration includes the QoE measurement configuration container and a set of one or more of the following parameters: a reporting interval (e.g., set to 10 min), a maximum size of the QoE report measurement (e.g., set to 16 kBytes), and/or a maximum number of allowed UL RRC segments (e.g., set to 2 segments).

2 315 315 310 At step, the UEis in the RRC_IDLE state. For example, the UEcamps on a cell that is served by the gNB.

3 310 315 315 320 At step, the gNBsends an MBS broadcast service message to the UE. For example, the UEreceives the MBS broadcast service message via the UE AS.

4 320 330 320 330 At step, the UE ASsends an AT command to the UE AL. For example, the UE ASsends the received QoE measurement configuration container and the set of one or more associated parameters (e.g., “reporting interval” and “maximum size of QoE report”) to the UE ALusing the AT command.

5 330 330 330 310 At step, the UE ALstarts QoE measurement collection. For example, the UE ALstarts or performs QoE measurement collection for MBS broadcast service based on the received QoE measurement configuration. The UE ALmay apply the configured reporting interval (e.g., set to 10 min), received from the gNB, in place of a reporting interval (e.g., set to 30 min) defined in the QoE measurement configuration container.

6 330 320 320 At step, the UE ALsends one or more AT commands to the UE AS. For example, based on the received QoE measurement configuration, UE AL sends multiple QoE measurement reports to the UE ASin a QoE measurement report container using the AT command. In some cases, each QoE measurement report has a size of 16 kBytes.

7 320 320 330 320 315 At step, the UE ASstores the QoE measurement reports. For example, the UE ASmay temporarily store the QoE measurement reports from the UE ALin a buffer of the UE ASwhen the UEis in the RRC_IDLE state.

315 310 315 310 315 310 310 3 FIG. In some cases, such as when the UEreturns to the RRC_CONNECTED state with a same serving gNB (e.g., the gNB), the UEsends (not shown) the stored QoE measurement reports to the gNBbased on the parameter “maximum number of allowed UL RRC segments.” For example, the UEsends the QoE measurement reports in multiple MeasurementReportAppLayer messages, where each MeasurementReportAppLayer message contains a single QoE measurement report and each MeasurementReportAppLayer message is sent in two segments to the gNBusing the ULDedicatedMessageSegment message. The gNB, as described with respect to, reassembles the received segments of each MeasurementReportAppLayer message and forwards the received QoE measurement reports to the MCE.

315 310 315 In some cases, such as when the UEreturns to the RRC_CONNECTED state with a different serving gNB (e.g., not the gNB), the UEsends (not shown) the stored QoE measurement reports to the new or different gNB (as described herein), based on the parameter “maximum number of allowed UL RRC segments” applicable to the new or different gNB.

6 FIG. 600 600 602 604 606 608 602 604 606 608 illustrates an example of a UEin accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The UEmay include a processor, a memory, a controller, and a transceiver. The processor, the memory, the controller, or the transceiver, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. These components may be coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces.

602 604 606 608 The processor, the memory, the controller, or the transceiver, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuitry). The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.

602 602 604 604 602 602 604 600 The processormay include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination thereof). In some implementations, the processormay be configured to operate the memory. In some other implementations, the memorymay be integrated into the processor. The processormay be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memoryto cause the UEto perform various functions of the present disclosure.

604 604 602 600 604 The memorymay include volatile or non-volatile memory. The memorymay store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions when executed by the processorcause the UEto perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such the memoryor another type of memory. Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

602 604 602 600 602 604 In some implementations, the processorand the memorycoupled with the processormay be configured to cause the UEto perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor, instructions stored in the memory).

602 600 600 For example, the processormay support wireless communication at the UEin accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The UEmay be configured to support a means receiving a first message comprising a configuration that indicates a set of one or more parameters associated with collection and reporting of QoE measurements for a network service, performing the QoE measurements for the network service based on the set of one or more parameters, and transmitting a second message that comprises the QoE measurements for the network service.

606 600 606 600 606 606 602 The controllermay manage input and output signals for the UE. The controllermay also manage peripherals not integrated into the UE. In some implementations, the controllermay utilize an operating system such as iOS®, ANDROID®, WINDOWS®, or other operating systems. In some implementations, the controllermay be implemented as part of the processor.

600 608 600 608 608 608 610 612 In some implementations, the UEmay include at least one transceiver. In some other implementations, the UEmay have more than one transceiver. The transceivermay represent a wireless transceiver. The transceivermay include one or more receiver chains, one or more transmitter chains, or a combination thereof.

610 610 610 610 610 A receiver chainmay be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receiver chainmay include one or more antennas for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receiver chainmay include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA)) configured to amplify the received signal. The receiver chainmay include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receiver chainmay include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.

612 612 612 612 A transmitter chainmay be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets). The transmitter chainmay include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The transmitter chainmay also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmitter chainmay also include one or more antennas for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.

7 FIG. 700 700 700 702 700 704 700 706 illustrates an example of a processorin accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processormay be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processormay include a controllerconfigured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processormay optionally include at least one memory, which may be, for example, an L1/L2/L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processormay optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs). One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses).

700 700 The processormay be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM), static RAM (SRAM), ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM), magnetic RAM (MRAM), resistive RAM (RRAM), flash memory, phase change memory (PCM), and others).

702 700 700 702 700 700 The controllermay be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processorto cause the processorto support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controllermay operate as a control unit of the processor, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.

702 704 700 702 704 702 702 700 700 702 700 702 700 The controllermay be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memoryand determine subsequent instruction(s) to be executed to cause the processorto support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controllermay be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory. The controllermay be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controllermay be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processorto cause the processorto support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controllermay be configured to manage flow of data within the processor. The controllermay be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs), and other functional units of the processor.

704 700 704 700 704 700 The memorymay include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processoror other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementations, the memorymay reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor). In some other implementations, the memorymay reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor).

704 700 700 702 700 704 700 700 702 704 700 702 704 700 704 The memorymay store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processorto perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controllerand/or the processormay be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memoryto cause the processorto perform various functions. For example, the processorand/or the controllermay be coupled with or to the memory, the processor, the controller, and the memorymay be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processormay include multiple processors and the memorymay include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.

706 706 700 706 700 706 706 706 706 706 The one or more ALUsmay be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, the one or more ALUsmay reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor). In some other implementations, the one or more ALUsmay reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor). One or more ALUsmay perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUsmay receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUsbe configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUsmay support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR), not-OR (NOR), and not-AND (NAND), enabling the one or more ALUsto handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.

700 700 The processormay support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processormay be configured to support a means for receiving a first message comprising a configuration that indicates a set of one or more parameters associated with collection and reporting of QoE measurements for a network service, performing the QoE measurements for the network service based on the set of one or more parameters, and transmitting a second message that comprises the QoE measurements for the network service.

8 FIG. 800 800 802 804 806 808 802 804 806 808 illustrates an example of an NEin accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The NEmay include a processor, a memory, a controller, and a transceiver. The processor, the memory, the controller, or the transceiver, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. These components may be coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces.

802 804 806 808 The processor, the memory, the controller, or the transceiver, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuitry). The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.

802 802 804 804 802 802 804 800 The processormay include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination thereof). In some implementations, the processormay be configured to operate the memory. In some other implementations, the memorymay be integrated into the processor. The processormay be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memoryto cause the NEto perform various functions of the present disclosure.

804 804 802 800 804 The memorymay include volatile or non-volatile memory. The memorymay store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions when executed by the processorcause the NEto perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such the memoryor another type of memory. Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

802 804 802 800 802 804 In some implementations, the processorand the memorycoupled with the processormay be configured to cause the NEto perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor, instructions stored in the memory).

802 800 800 For example, the processormay support wireless communication at the NEin accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The NEmay be configured to support a means for transmitting, to a UE, a first message comprising a configuration that indicates a set of one or more parameters associated with collection and reporting of QoE measurements for a network service; and receiving, from the UE, a second message that comprises the QoE measurements for the network service.

806 800 806 800 806 806 802 The controllermay manage input and output signals for the NE. The controllermay also manage peripherals not integrated into the NE. In some implementations, the controllermay utilize an operating system such as iOS®, ANDROID®, WINDOWS®, or other operating systems. In some implementations, the controllermay be implemented as part of the processor.

800 808 800 808 808 808 810 812 In some implementations, the NEmay include at least one transceiver. In some other implementations, the NEmay have more than one transceiver. The transceivermay represent a wireless transceiver. The transceivermay include one or more receiver chains, one or more transmitter chains, or a combination thereof.

810 810 810 810 810 A receiver chainmay be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receiver chainmay include one or more antennas for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receiver chainmay include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA)) configured to amplify the received signal. The receiver chainmay include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receiver chainmay include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.

812 812 812 812 A transmitter chainmay be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets). The transmitter chainmay include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The transmitter chainmay also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmitter chainmay also include one or more antennas for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.

9 FIG. illustrates a flowchart of a method in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method may be implemented by an NE as described herein. In some implementations, the NE may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the NE to perform the described functions.

902 902 902 8 FIG. At, the method may include transmitting, to a UE, a first message comprising a configuration that indicates a set of one or more parameters associated with collection and reporting of QoE measurements for a network service. The operations ofmay be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations ofmay be performed by an NE as described with reference to.

904 904 904 8 FIG. At, the method may include receiving, from the UE, a second message that comprises the QoE measurements for the network service. The operations ofmay be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations ofmay be performed by an NE as described with reference to.

It should be noted that the method described herein describes a possible implementation, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible.

10 FIG. illustrates a flowchart of a method in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method may be implemented by a UE as described herein. In some implementations, the UE may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the UE to perform the described functions.

1002 1002 1002 6 FIG. At, the method may include receiving a first message comprising a configuration that indicates a set of one or more parameters associated with collection and reporting of QoE measurements for a network service. The operations ofmay be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations ofmay be performed by a UE as described with reference to.

1004 1004 1004 6 FIG. At, the method may include performing the QoE measurements for the network service based on the set of one or more parameters. The operations ofmay be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations ofmay be performed by a UE as described with reference to.

1006 1006 1006 6 FIG. At, the method may include transmitting a second message that comprises the QoE measurements for the network service. The operations ofmay be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations ofmay be performed by a UE as described with reference to.

It should be noted that the method described herein describes a possible implementation, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible.

The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.