Marble

Marbles are common playthings but can pose a hazard if swallowed. The hard round surface of a spherical marble can block or clog a child's airway. This improved marble can allow air to pass through the marble even while it is held in place in a tube, such as a child's trachea, while preserving function and being easy to manufacture.

Surprisingly few patents have attempted to improve on the traditional design of marbles. The U.S. 5,800,244 is a prior art attempt to improve the safety of a marble while not interfering with its intended purpose. That patent discloses an attempt to improve the safety of marbles by adding ribs to the design of the marble.

But fundamental problems remain with the state of the art in marbles as that earlier patent was not widely put into practice and marbles continue to pose hazards to young children. A need exists for a marble that can provide relief from choking hazards while being robust in use and easy to manufacture.

Marbles with improved safety against accidental choking are described. In one embodiment, a marble is disclosed comprising a sphere pierced with at least 2 tunnels configured such that each tunnel pierces the sphere through its center. Related instantiations of this invention may include tunnels with diameters of at least 25% of the diameter of the sphere. In other instantiations, the characteristics of the tunnels may differ; notably, the cross-section of the tunnels may be circular or non-circular. The tunnels may have a constant cross-section, or the cross-section may change across the diameter of the sphere. The number of tunnels may vary in instantiations.

The marble includes in some instantiations a chamber or void centered on the center of the sphere. In some instantiations, the diameter of the central chamber may be at least 30% of the overall diameter of the sphere. The central chamber in some instantiations may be substantially spherical.

In some instantiations, the sphere of the marble may be pierced with 4 tunnels, all through the center of the sphere. One pair of tunnels may be positioned to be mutually perpendicular in one plane; the other pair of tunnels may be positioned to be mutually perpendicular in another plane; with the two planes positioned to be mutually perpendicular.

In some instantiations, the marble may be manufactured using additive manufacturing techniques.

An instantiation of the marble may be described as having 4 tunnels with each pair of tunnels being at 90o with respect to each other, and the two pairs of tunnels being similarly at 90o with respect to each other.

Another instantiation of the marble may have an open central chamber at the center of the marble that is at least 30% of the sphere's overall diameter with at least 4 tunnels allowing the communication of air between the surface of the marble and the central chamber.

It will be appreciated that this brief summary describes only some of the concepts of the invention disclosed in more detail in the following detailed description of the invention. The claimed metes and bounds of the invention are not limited to the contents of this summary.

Like numbers in drawings indicate discussion of the same object.

Embodiments and examples of the present invention are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These descriptions include many salient details enabling one skilled in the art to clearly understand the inventive concepts of this invention. Not all details are included in all drawings, only those needed to illustrate specific aspects of the present invention. Note that like numbers are associated with like parts throughout the drawings for ease of comprehension. While embodiments of the invention are discussed in the following paragraphs, the inventive concepts of the present invention may comprehend more than these limited examples.

1 FIG. 100 100 110 120 Illustrated inis an example embodiment of a marble in accordance with this invention. The example marbleis shown from an external view. The marblecomprises a solid spherical body, pierced by tunnels.

120 100 110 100 120 100 110 100 100 120 100 110 120 The tunnelsare configured to pass directly through the center of the marble. In other words, the tunnels pass entirely through the solid bodyof the marble. Because all tunnelspass through the same point at the center of marble, any two tunnel entrances communicate, either directly or indirectly through the center of the spherical body. This configuration advantageously provides for the passage of air from one side of marbleto the other if marbleshould be swallowed and parts of it are held in place by the sides of a person's throat. Because the tunnelsare holes in the marble, they do not interfere with the normal use of marbles as in rolling the marbles in games or activities such as marble runs. In instantiations of the solid body, the material may be chosen to provide sufficient weight even allowing for the loss of the material that would normally fill the paths of the tunnels.

100 100 100 100 100 As additive manufacturing has become prevalent, the capability of constructing complex structures like the marblehas become practical even for children's toys. Whether one considers VAT polymerization, material jetting, material extrusion, powder bed fusion, sheet lamination or directed energy deposition, the capability of additive manufacturing to create complex shapes consistently and cost-effectively is significant for instantiations of marble. Common materials used in additive manufacturing include polymers, metals, alloys, and ceramics. The marblecould be manufactured using any of these materials. The choice of materials for an instantiation of marblewould be related to the common tradeoffs of cost and anticipated selling price. Generally, a heavier material may be more costly to produce but may also perform better as a marble. Another factor that might influence the choice of material in an instantiation of marblewould be durability. Many games and activities using marbles require the marble to roll and fall onto other marbles or constructs such as marble runs which may be made of durable hard materials.

2 FIG. 2 FIG. 222 220 221 222 223 222 223 220 221 220 223 200 illustrates an instantiation of the tunnels within a marble as a single manifold 200 without the solid spherical body. Individual tunnels are marked with like numbering. For example, tunnelgoes from side to side substantially horizontally in manifold 200. Tunnelextends front to back from the view of the drawing, substantially perpendicular to tunnel. Tunnelsandare also mutually perpendicular in a plane. The plane of tunnelsandis also perpendicular to the plane of tunnelsand. This view demonstrates that the tunnelsthroughprovide a single manifoldwithin a marble allowing air to advantageously pass through the marble as long as the entrance of at least one tunnel is unobstructed on either side of the marble. While this instantiation illustrates tunnels that are configured to be perpendicular with respect to each other, other tunnel configurations are still within the conception of this invention. For example, a set of 3 tunnels might be configured at 60o (degrees) from each other instead of 2 tunnels at 90o (degrees). More complex manifolds are possible as long as all holes or tunnels are connected together. The instantiation ofhas the virtue of simplicity for visualization and construction. This description is not intended to exhaust the possibilities for other manifold designs that also link all tunnel openings across a marble in accordance with this invention.

3 FIG. 1 FIG. 300 120 310 320 330 300 illustrates example alternative instantiations for the tunnel shape in a decorative marble. While a circular cross-section such as tunnelis possible, shown in, other cross-sections as are also possible, such as a heart-shaped cross-section, a triangular cross-sectionor a star-shaped cross-section. A business might choose a tunnel cross-section that was a company logo for advertising purposes. An educational company might choose the outline of numbers or letters. An instantiation might include varied tunnel cross-sections as shown in marbleor all of the tunnel cross-sections might be the same shape. These cross-sections are presented as illustrations of possible instantiations but are not intended to exhaust the possible universe of custom shapes that could be used for a tunnel cross-section.

4 FIG.A 4 FIG.B 4 FIG.A 4 FIG.B 400 400 410 410 400 400 100 400 410 400 420 410 420 400 410 420 400 andillustrate a marbleand a cross-section of marbleshowing a central chamber, respectively. To improve airflow further in instantiations of a marble in accordance with this invention, a central chambermay also be introduced to a marble.illustrates a marblethat is outwardly unchanged from marblethough an internal chamber has been added at the center of marble.illustrates a central chamberthat decreases the resistance to airflow through the marbleby reducing the distance that air must travel within the tunnels. A well-known characteristic of fluid flow is that resistance to fluid flow through a pipe or manifold decreases as the diameter of that pipe carrying that fluid, or air, increases. By introducing a central chamberconnected to all tunnelsand substantially centered on the center of marble, resistance to the passage of air through the marble is further reduced. The presence of the central chamberalso reduces the chance that saliva or other bodily fluids might clog a tunneland cause air flow to stop through marble.

400 410 400 410 430 430 The thickness of marble's wall may differ in instantiations. The chamberis roughly 50% of the diameter of marble. An instantiation may elect to increase the size of chamberby reducing the thicknessof the outer wall, trading the increased airflow against a lighter weight marble. An instantiation using a lighter material or more brittle material may choose to increase the thicknessof the outer wall, or even do without a central chamber of increased size, to increase the weight of the marble or to increase its robustness to rough play.

5 FIG. 4 FIG.B 500 500 500 illustrates a possible instantiation of this invention with tunnels having non-constant diameter shown by illustrating the manifoldformed by the tunnels. Either as an alternative to the addition of a central chamber as shown in, or in addition to such a chamber, the cross-section of a tunnel may vary along its length. In one instantiation, manifoldshows tunnels that increase their diameter as they go toward the center of manifold. Other instantiations of the tunnel shape could include tunnels that decrease the diameter of their cross-section or tunnels that shift from a decorative shape at the surface of the marble to a circular cross-section within the marble. This description of possible tunnel cross-sections is not meant to exhaust the possibilities but only illustrate some possible instantiations of this invention.

Descriptions and particular examples are provided in this specification to enable one skilled in the art to understand the invention and are not meant to limit or circumscribe in any way the possible embodiments or implementations of this invention. The disclosure of aspects or elements of a particular embodiment are understood to not limit their use to only that embodiment; such disclosures may be applicable to some or all of the disclosed embodiments.