Terminating Resistance Setting Circuit and Battery Management System Including Same

This Application is a Continuation of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/633,349 filed on Feb. 7, 2022, which is the National Phase of PCT International Application No. PCT/KR 2021/000226 filed on Jan. 8, 2021, which claims the priority benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119(a) to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2020-0007585 filed in the Republic of Korea on Jan. 20, 2020, all of which are hereby expressly incorporated by reference into the present application.

The present invention relates to a terminating resistance setting circuit and a battery management system including the same.

Recently, research on a secondary battery as a power supply source is being actively conducted in accordance with the spread of an electronic device such as a smartphone and an electric vehicle, and expansion of infrastructure for an energy storage system (ESS).

In the case of an energy storage system, it not only needs to store a large amount of electric energy, but also requires high output. To this end, the energy storage system is used in the form of a battery rack including a plurality of battery modules connected in series and/or in parallel and a charging and discharging device for charging and discharging the plurality of battery modules. The battery module includes battery cells, which are secondary batteries, connected in series and/or in parallel. Further, the battery rack includes a rack controller (rack battery management system (BMS)) for controlling the charging and discharging device, and a plurality of module controllers (module BMSs) that respectively control the plurality of battery modules.

In order to stably operate the energy storage system, communication between the rack controller and the module controller is essential, and in this case, a communication protocol of differential input mode is used for communication between the controllers. However, in the case of the communication protocol of differential input mode, communication nodes located at both ends need terminating resistances. This is a configuration provided to avoid a reflection phenomenon occurring in the communication node.

Previously, the terminating resistance was inserted by adding a resistor directly to the communication node located at a termination. However, in the case of such a previous method of inserting the terminating resistance, there is a possibility that the terminating resistance may be inserted into a wrong position or may not be properly inserted, such as short-circuited at both ends of the resistor.

The present invention has been made to solve the problems described above, and an object thereof is to provide a terminating resistance setting circuit capable of automatically setting a terminating resistance accurately and simply, and a battery management system including the same.

In order to solve the technical problems as described above, according to one aspect of embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a battery management system in a battery system including a plurality of battery modules, the battery management system including a plurality of module controllers that respectively control the plurality of battery modules, in which the plurality of module controllers communicate with each other through a differential input mode, and each battery module includes a terminating resistance setting circuit including a resistance generation unit connected between a pair of communication lines for differential input to generate a terminating resistance, a first control circuit that applies a first control signal to the resistance generation unit, and a second control circuit formed between the resistance generation unit and a reference potential and controlled to apply a voltage according to the reference potential to the resistance generation unit by a second control signal.

In order to solve the technical problems described above, according to another aspect of embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a terminating resistance setting circuit provided in each of a plurality of communication devices that perform communication in a differential input mode, the terminating resistance setting circuit including a resistance generation unit connected between a pair of communication lines for differential input to generate a terminating resistance, a first control circuit that applies a first control signal to the resistance generation unit, and a second control circuit formed between the resistance generation unit and a reference potential and controlled to apply a voltage according to the reference potential to the resistance generation unit by a second control signal.

According to the terminating resistance setting circuit as described above and the battery management system including the same, a terminating resistance can be automatically set when performing communication in the differential input mode, and various mistakes or failures occurring when setting the terminating resistance can be prevented.

Hereinafter, various embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In this document, the same reference numerals are used for the same constituent elements in the drawings, and duplicate descriptions for the same constituent elements are omitted.

With respect to the various embodiments of the present invention disclosed in this document, specific structural or functional descriptions have been exemplified for the purpose of describing the embodiments of the present invention only, and various embodiments of the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments described in this document.

Expressions such as “first”, “second”, “firstly”, or “secondly”, etc. used in various embodiments may modify various constituent elements regardless of order and/or importance, and do not limit corresponding constituent elements. For example, without deviating from the scope of the present invention, a first constituent element may be named as a second constituent element, and similarly, the second constituent element may also be renamed as the first constituent element.

The terms used in this document are only used to describe a specific embodiment, and may not be intended to limit the scope of other embodiments. Singular expressions may include plural expressions unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

1 FIG. 1 1 1 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a battery systemaccording to an embodiment of the present invention. The battery systemmay be a battery rack. The battery rackis a unit that stores electrical energy in an energy storage system. One or more such battery racksmay be included in the energy storage system.

1 FIG. 1 10 30 1 30 1 20 10 40 1 40 30 1 30 30 40 Referring to, the battery rackincludes a charging and discharging deviceand a plurality of battery modules-to-N. Further, the battery rackincludes a rack controllerthat controls the charging and discharging deviceand module controllers-to-N that respectively control a plurality of battery modules-to-N. (In the following, when there is no need to distinguish between the battery modules and the module controllers, reference numerals thereof will be described as the battery moduleand the module controller, respectively.)

10 30 10 30 30 10 30 10 30 10 30 The charging and discharging devicecharges and discharges the battery module. The charging and discharging devicesupplies power to the battery moduleor supplies power from the battery moduleto a load. The charging and discharging devicemay be connected to a system to receive power from the system, and may supply the received power to the battery module. Further, the charging and discharging devicemay supply power discharged from the battery moduleto a system or a load (e.g., a factory, a home, etc.). The charging and discharging devicemay include a switching device for charging and discharging the battery module, for example, a relay.

20 1 1 20 10 20 1 10 A rack controller (RBMS (rack battery management system))controls an overall operation of the battery rack, and manages a state of the battery rack. The rack controllercontrols the operation of the charging and discharging device. For example, the rack controllermay monitor the temperature of the battery rack, etc. and monitor whether or not the charging and discharging devicehas failed, etc.

20 40 20 30 40 20 30 40 20 40 20 40 The rack controllermay be configured to communicate with the module controller. The rack controllermay receive various data related to the battery modulefrom the module controller. Further, the rack controllermay transmit various control signals for controlling the battery moduleto the module controller. That is, the rack controllermay perform function as an upper-level controller with respect to the module controllers. Further, the rack controllermay perform function as a master controller in performing communication with the module controllersin the system.

30 30 30 The battery modulestores electrical energy and supplies the stored electrical energy to the system or load. The battery modulereceives and stores power from a system, etc. The battery modulemay include a plurality of battery cells connected in series and/or in parallel. The battery cell may be a secondary battery such as a lithium ion (Li-ion) battery, a lithium ion polymer battery, a nickel cadmium (Ni—Cd) battery, and a nickel hydride (Ni—MH) battery, but is not limited thereto.

40 30 40 30 40 40 30 30 The module controller (MBMS (module battery management system))controls charging and discharging of the battery module, and manages the state thereof. The module controllermay monitor the voltage, current, temperature, etc. of the battery module. Further, the module controllermay additionally include a sensor or various measurement modules (not illustrated) for monitoring. The module controllermay calculate a parameter indicating the state of the battery module, for example, state of charge (SOC) or state of health (SOH), based on measured values such as the monitored voltage, current, and temperature of the battery module.

40 20 40 30 20 40 20 The module controllermay be configured to communicate with the rack controller. The module controllermay receive a control signal such as a command for controlling the battery modulefrom the rack controller. The module controllermay transmit a measured value by the monitoring described above or a parameter calculated from the measured value to the rack controller.

20 40 1 40 20 40 1 40 20 40 1 40 The rack controllerand the plurality of module controllers-to-N are collectively referred to as a battery management system (BMS). The rack controllerand the plurality of module controllers-to-N of the battery management system (BMS) may communicate with each other through a communication protocol of differential input mode. In this case, each of the rack controllerand the plurality of module controllers-to-N corresponds to a communication node. Examples of the communication protocol of differential input mode include controller area network (CAN) recommended standard 485(RS-485 ), recommended standard 422 (RS-422), etc.

40 1 40 20 20 40 1 40 20 40 1 40 1 FIG. Each of the plurality of module controllers-to-N includes a terminating resistance setting configured to be able to automatically set the terminating resistance. A specific configuration of the terminating resistance setting circuit will be described later. In, only the configuration in which the rack controllerand plurality of module controllers are included in the battery management system (BMS) are connected by a pair of communication lines is illustrated, the configuration is not limited thereto, and an additional configuration connecting them may be included. For example, when the rack controllerand the plurality of module controllers-to-N of the battery management system (BMS) initiate communication, an ID (or a plurality of ID's) may need be assigned. To this end, the rack controllerand the plurality of module controllers-to-N may additionally be provided with separate lines for transmitting and receiving wake-up signals etc. for operating communication modules respectively included therein.

2 FIG. is a diagram schematically illustrating a method of setting a terminating resistance according to an embodiment of the present invention.

2 FIG. 20 40 1 40 20 40 Referring to, the battery management system (BMS) includes the rack controllerand the plurality of module controllers-to-N. The rack controllerfunctions as a master. Further, the module controllerfunctions as a slave.

1 20 20 1 40 1 When the operation of the battery rack, which is a battery system, starts, for example, when the system is turned ON, the rack controller, which is a master,transmits a wake-up signal WS #to an adjacent module controller-in order to assign an ID required for communication.

40 1 1 1 40 1 20 40 1 2 40 2 2 1 1 The module controller-, which is a slave node that has received the wake-up signal WS #, turns the switching element SW #ON to generate a resistance between a pair of communication lines. Then, the module controller-is assigned an ID through communication with the rack controller. The module controller-for which the ID assignment is completed transmits a wake-up signal WS #to the next adjacent module controller-. In this case, the wake-up signal WS #acts on the switching element SW #, so that the switching element SW #is turned to an OFF state again.

40 2 2 2 40 2 20 40 2 3 40 3 3 2 2 The module controller-, which is a slave node that has received the wake-up signal WS #, turns the switching element SW #ON to generate a resistance between the pair of communication lines. Further, the module controller-is assigned an ID through communication with the rack controller. The module controller-for which the ID assignment is completed transmits a wake-up signal WS #to the next adjacent module controller-. In this case, the wake-up signal WS #acts on the switching element SW #, so that the switching element SW #is turned to the OFF state again.

40 40 When the ID assignment for the module controller-N, which is the last slave node, is completed by repeating the operation described above, the last module controller-N does not need to transmit the wake-up signal any more. Accordingly, the switching element SW #N turned ON by the wake-up signal WS #N maintains its ON state. That is, the switching element SW #N is maintained in a state in which the terminating resistance is generated between the pair of communication lines.

40 1 40 According to the configuration described above, the terminating resistance can be set automatically. Further, all of the module controllers-to-N include the same type of terminating resistance setting circuit. Accordingly, since there is no need to produce a separate module controller for setting the terminating resistance or perform a separate operation to insert the terminating resistance, it is possible to efficiently insert the terminating resistance.

20 40 In this embodiment, a configuration for setting the terminating resistance with a wake-up signal used in ID assignment has been described, but is not limited thereto. For example, it is possible to separately generate a control signal for setting the terminating resistance. Further, the rack controllerand the module controllermay have a dedicated line for receiving a control signal.

3 FIG. 30 40 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the battery moduleand the module controlleraccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

3 FIG. 30 30 Referring to, the battery modulemay be connected in series or parallel with another battery module through a positive terminal and negative terminal thereof. The battery modulemay be charged or discharged through the positive terminal and the negative terminal.

40 30 30 40 20 40 20 40 As described above, the module controllercontrols the operation of the battery moduleand monitors the state of the battery module. Further, the module controllermay be connected to a communication line to communicate with other communication nodes. Here, the other communication nodes include the rack controllercorresponding to the master and other module controllersin the communication system. In this embodiment, the rack controllerand the module controller, which are communication nodes in the battery management system (BMS), communicate using a communication protocol of differential input mode, and a pair of communication lines CAN_H and CAN_L are provided as the communication lines. Hereinafter, description will be made on a case in which CAN communication is used as a communication protocol, but this is for illustrative purposes only, and it will be understood that a communication protocol of another differential input mode may be used.

40 1 2 40 1 2 The module controllermay include a pair of terminals tand tconnected to the pair of communication lines. Further, the module controllermay be provided with a terminal Swhich is a terminal to which a first control signal is input, and a terminal Swhich is a terminal to which a second control signal is output, that are used in a terminating resistance setting circuit to be described later.

1 40 1 40 40 1 1 2 3 FIG. The terminal Sis a terminal that receives a control signal from a module controller close to itself among the plurality of module controllers-to-N. That is, when the module controllerofis an n-th module controller, the terminal Smay be a terminal for receiving a control signal transmitted from an (n-1)-th module controller. Accordingly, the terminal Smay be configured to be connected to the terminal Sof the (n−1)-th module controller.

2 40 1 40 40 2 2 1 3 FIG. The terminal Sis a terminal that supplies a control signal to another module controller close to itself among the plurality of module controllers-to-N. That is, when the module controllerofis the n-th module controller, the terminal Smay be a terminal that outputs a control signal supplied to an (n+1)-th module controller. Accordingly, the terminal Smay be configured to be connected to the terminal Sof the (n+1)-th module controller.

1 2 40 1 40 The terminal Sand terminal Shave been described as being connected to adjacent module controllers, but are not necessarily limited to this configuration. However, as long as the plurality of module controllers-to-N can be sequentially connected once, the connection between the terminals need not be limited to the adjacent module controllers.

40 Hereinafter, the terminating resistance setting circuit included in the module controllerwill be described in detail.

4 FIG. 100 is a block diagram illustrating a terminating resistance setting circuitaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

4 FIG. 100 110 120 130 Referring to, the terminating resistance setting circuitmay include a resistance generation unit, a first control circuit, and a second control circuit.

110 110 110 120 110 130 The resistance generation unitis connected between the pair of communication lines for differential input to generate a terminating resistance. The resistance generation unitincludes a resistor and a switching element configured to be connected in series between the pair of communication lines. The resistance generation unitis configured to turn the switching element ON by the first control circuit. Further, the resistance generation unitis configured to turn the switching element, which is being turned ON, OFF by the second control circuitagain.

120 110 120 120 110 120 120 110 110 The first control circuitapplies the first control signal received from the outside to the resistance generation unit. When the first control circuitreceives the first control signal from the outside, the first control circuitmay apply the received first control signal to the resistance generation unitas it is to turn the switching element ON. Alternatively, when the first control circuitreceives the first control signal from the outside, the first control circuitmay generate another signal for turning the switching element of the resistance generation unitON by using the received first control signal. Further, the corresponding signal generated may be applied to the resistance generation unitto turn the switching element ON.

120 40 1 40 The first control circuitreceives the first control signal from one of the module controllers other than itself among the plurality of module controllers-to-N.

130 110 130 130 110 110 When the second control circuitreceives the second control signal while the switching element of the resistance generation unitis in a state of being ON, the second control circuitswitches the switching element back to the OFF state based on the second control signal again. To this end, the second control circuitmay be formed between the resistance generation unitand a reference potential, and may be configured to apply a voltage according to the reference potential to the resistance generation unitby the second control signal. Here, the reference potential may be a ground potential.

130 40 1 40 The second control circuittransmits the second control signal to other module controllers other than itself and the module controller receiving the first control signal, among the plurality of module controllers-to-N.

40 1 40 40 40 20 40 40 1 40 In this case, the first control signal and the second control signal may be the wake-ups signal transmitted and received by the plurality of module controllers-to-N for which IDs are sequentially assigned. When any module controllerreceives the wake-up signal from another module controller, the module controllercommunicates with the rack controller, which is the upper-level controller, to perform ID assignment. When the ID assignment is completed, the module controllertransmits the wake-up signal to another module controller among the plurality of module controllers-to-N. That is, the received wake-up signal, which is generated by another module controller, corresponds to the first control signal. Further, a signal generated by itself and transmitted to another module controller corresponds to the second control signal.

However, in the embodiments of the present invention, the first control signal and the second control signal are not limited to being wake-up signals used for ID assignment. The first control signal and the second control signal may be dedicated signals for terminating resistance setting that are transmitted and received by being generated separately from the wake-up signal used for ID assignment.

5 FIG. is a circuit diagram illustrating one implementation example of the terminating resistance setting circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention

5 FIG. 40 41 40 42 20 40 100 Referring to, the module controllermay include an MCUthat is a controller that controls the overall operation of the module controllerand a communication modulefor communicating with external devices, e.g., the rack controllerand other module controllers. Further, the module controllermay include the terminating resistance setting circuit.

5 FIG. 1 2 42 100 1 2 As illustrated in, lines extending from the pair of terminals tand tconnected to a pair of communication lines CAN_H and CAN_L are connected to the communication module. Further, the terminating resistance setting circuitis provided between the pair of lines extending from the terminals tand t.

100 110 1 2 1 1 110 110 5 FIG. In the terminating resistance setting circuit, the resistance generation unitis configured such that resistors Rand Rand the transistor trdesignated as a switching element are connected in series. In, it is illustrated that two resistors are formed, but this is an example, and only one resistor may be included, or three or more resistors may be included. The transistor trof the resistance generation unitis normally in the OFF state. Accordingly, the resistance generation unitis in an open state, and the terminating resistance does not occur.

120 1 110 120 3 1 1 120 1 The first control circuitis a circuit formed between the terminal Sand the resistance generation unit. Specifically, the first control circuitmay include at least a resistor Rconnected between the control terminal of the transistor trand the terminal S. The first control circuitreceives the first control signal through the terminal S. As described above, the first control signal may be a wake-up signal transmitted from a previous module controller.

130 110 130 2 1 110 4 5 2 2 The second control circuitis formed between the resistance generating unitand a reference potential. The second control circuitmay include at least a transistor trconnected between the control terminal of the transistor trof the resistance generation unitand the reference potential. A resistor Rand a resistor Rmay be formed between the control terminal and the transistor trand the reference potential and between the terminal and S, respectively. As illustrated, the reference potential may be a ground potential.

100 Now, a description will be made on how the terminating resistance setting circuitoperates.

110 1 As described above, in the resistance generation unit, the transistor tris in the OFF state, and thus no resistance is generated between the pair of communication lines.

120 1 110 1 1 2 5 FIG. In this case, when the first control circuitreceives the first control signal, the first control signal is applied to the control terminal of the transistor trof the resistance generation unit. With this configuration, the transistor trturns to the ON state, and the resistance is generated between the pair of communication lines. In the case of, the magnitude of the generated resistance is R+R.

42 42 42 1 The first control signal may be the wake-up signal for starting the communication module. Accordingly, a wake-up signal WS #n, which is the first control signal transmitted from the previous module controller, is applied to the communication module. The communication moduleis started by a wake-up signal WS #n to perform an ID assignment operation. When ID assignment is completed, a wake-up signal (WS #n+) is transmitted to the next module controller to start the ID assignment of the next module controller.

42 1 130 130 2 2 1 110 1 1 When the communication moduletransmits the wake-up signal WS #n+to the next module controller, the second control circuituses the corresponding signal as a second control signal. The second control circuitturns the transistor trON when the second control signal is applied thereto. When the transistor trturns to the ON state, the control terminal of the transistor trof the resistance generation unitis connected to the ground terminal. When the ground potential, which is the reference potential, is applied to the control terminal of the transistor tr, the transistor trturns to the OFF state again from the ON state. That is, the terminating resistance generated by the first control signal is removed by the second control signal.

40 40 In this way, when the module controlleris not a communication node located at the termination in the communication system, the module controllershould transmit the wake-up signal to the next module controller. Further, the corresponding wake-up signal is used as a second control signal to perform the function of removing the generated terminating resistance.

100 Therefore, according to the terminating resistance setting circuitaccording to this embodiment, the terminating resistance is automatically generated only in the module controller located at the termination without the need to perform a separate operation such as directly inserting the terminating resistance, thereby capable of efficiently and conveniently inserting the terminating resistance.

1 2 In this embodiment, although it is illustrated that an N-channel MOSFET is used as the transistor trand a BJT of NPN type is used as the transistor tr, this is for illustrative purposes only, and it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that other types of transistors or switching elements other than transistors may be used.

6 FIG. is a flowchart illustrating a method of setting a terminating resistance according to an embodiment of the present invention.

100 20 40 200 When the battery system is turned ON (S), the rack controllertransmits a wake-up signal to any one of the module controllers in order to communicate with the module controllersexisting in the battery system (S).

40 300 40 400 40 40 The module controllerreceiving the wake-up signal generates a terminating resistance by the wake-up signal (S). Then, the module controllerdetermines whether to transmit the wake-up signal to the next module controller (S). That is, the module controllerdetermines whether the module controlleris the last communication node located at the termination in the battery system.

500 40 600 In the case of transmitting the wake-up signal to the next module controller, the terminating resistance generated by using the wake-up signal transmitted by itself is removed (S). On the other hand, when the module controlleris the last communication node located at the termination, the wake-up signal is not transmitted to the next module controller, and thus the generated terminating resistance is maintained as it is (S).

7 FIG. is a diagram for describing a method of setting a terminating resistance of communication nodes according to the related art.

7 FIG. In, a plurality of communication nodes are included in the system, and terminating resistances Ra and Rb are respectively formed in the communication node located at the end and the communication node N among the plurality of communication nodes.

In the past, the terminating resistances Ra and Rb were directly inserted by the operator. Accordingly, there was a concern that the operator would omit the insertion of the terminating resistance or insert the terminating resistance into the wrong location, that is, the wrong communication node. Further, there is a possibility that both ends of a resistor may be short-circuited to change the resistance value when inserting the resistor, other failures may occur due to resistor insertion work.

However, in the case of using the terminating resistance setting circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention as described above, it is possible to efficiently and conveniently set the terminating resistance.

8 FIG. 5 FIG. is a circuit diagram illustrating another implementation example of the terminating resistance setting circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention. In this implementation example, a different part from that inwill be mainly described.

8 FIG. 40 41 40 42 20 40 100 Referring to, the module controllermay include the MCUwhich is a controller that controls the overall operation of the module controllerand the communication modulefor communicating with external devices, for example the rack controllerand other module controllers. Further, the module controllermay include the terminating resistance setting circuit.

5 FIG. 1 2 42 100 1 2 Further, similarly as in, the lines extending from the pair of terminals tand tconnected to the pair of communication lines CAN_H and CAN_L are connected to the communication module. Further, the terminating resistance setting circuitis provided between the pair of lines extending from the terminals tand t.

1 41 42 41 42 41 1 1 2 1 However, in this implementation example, the wake-up signal WS #n as the first control signal applied to the terminal Sis directly applied to the MCUinstead of the communication module. The MCUis started when the wake-up signal WS #n is applied to start the communication module. Further, when ID assignment is completed, the MCUgenerates a wake-up signal WS #n+for transmission to the next module controller and supplies the wake-up signal WS #n+to the terminal S. This wake-up signal WS #n+is used as the second control signal.

100 41 42 5 FIG. As described above, the terminating resistance setting circuitis configured in the same form as inexcept that the subject for transmitting and receiving the wake-up signal is changed to the MCUinstead of the communication module.

5 FIG. Even in the case of this implementation example, the same effect as inmay be achieved.

In addition, the terms such as “include”, “configure” or “have” described above mean that the corresponding constituent element may be embedded unless otherwise described, and thus the terms should be interpreted as being capable of further including other constituent elements, rather than excluding other constituent elements. All terms used herein including technical or scientific terms may be interpreted as having the same meaning as generally understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art, unless otherwise defined. Terms generally used, such as terms defined in the dictionary, should be interpreted as being consistent with the meaning of the context of related technology, and are not to be interpreted as an ideal or excessively formal meaning unless explicitly defined in the present invention.

The above description is merely illustrative of the technical idea of the present invention, and those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains will be able to make various modifications and variations without deviating from the essential characteristics of the present invention. Accordingly, the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are not intended to limit the technical idea of the present invention, but to explain the technical idea, and the scope of the technical idea of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments. The scope of protection of the present invention should be interpreted by the claims set forth below, and all technical ideas within the scope equivalent thereto should be construed as being included in the scope of the present invention.