It is possible to realize a transmitter where a block of n symbols is encoded through an n×n matrix and transmitted over n antennas in n time intervals, only for n=2, 4, or 8. For all other numbers of antennas, the disclosed methodology permits the realization of full-rate rectangular designs, where the number of time intervals, p, is greater than n. In particular, the number of time intervals, p, is such that &rgr;(p)≧n, where &rgr;(p)=8c+2d, where c and d are such that p=b·24c+d, and b is an odd integer. Complex symbols can also be handled, but the rate for a design that allows use of any number of antennas is 0.5.
Legal claims defining the scope of protection, as filed with the USPTO.
1. A transmitter responsive to a stream of symbols comprising: n antennas, where n 2; and an encoder for delivering p sets of n symbols to said n antennas, to be transmitted in p time intervals, where p>n, symbols delivered to each antenna in said p time intervals form temporal sets, and said temporal sets are orthogonal to each other.
2. The transmitter of claim 1 where p is expressible by p b 2 4c d , b being an odd integer, 0 d<4 and 0 c, and p is such that 8c 2 d n.
3. The transmitter of claim 1 further comprising a buffer for storing at least n symbols.
4. The transmitter of claim 1 where the symbols are real.
5. The transmitter of claim 1 where the sets of symbols are permutations of each other, with selected sign reversals.
6. A transmitter responsive to a stream of symbols comprising: n antennas; and an encoder for delivering p sets of n symbols to said n antennas, to be transmitted in p time intervals, where p is expressible by p b 2 4c d , where b is an odd integer, 0 d<4 and 0 c, and p is such that 8c 2 d n.
7. The transmitter of claim 6 where symbols delivered to each antenna in said p time intervals form temporal sets, and said temporal sets are orthogonal to each other.
8. The transmitter of claim 6 further comprising a buffer for storing at least n symbols.
9. The transmitter of claim 6 where the symbols are real.
10. The transmitter of claim 6 where the sets of symbols are permutations of each other, with selected sign reversals.
11. A transmitter responsive to a stream of complex symbols comprising: n antennas; and an encoder for delivering 2p sets of n symbols to said n antennas, to be transmitted in 2p time intervals, where p is expressible by p b 2 4c d , where b is an odd integer, 0 d<4 and 0 c , and where p is such that 8c 2 d n.
12. The transmitter of claim 11 where p of the sets of symbols are permutations of the symbols, with selected sign reversals, and remaining p of the sets of symbols are repeats of the permutations and of the selected sign reversals, but with the symbols replaced by their respective complex conjugates.
13. The transmitter of claim 11 where symbols delivered to each antenna in said 2p time intervals form temporal sets, and said temporal sets are orthogonal to each other.
14. The transmitter of claim 1 where the p sets of n symbols, when viewed as a matrix, form a matrix of p rows and n columns of symbols c, the form [ c 1 c 2 c 3 - c 2 c 1 - c 4 - c 3 c 4 c 1 - c 4 - c 3 c 2 ] .
15. The transmitter of claim 1 where the p sets of n symbols, when viewed as a matrix, form a matrix of p rows and n columns of symbols c, the form [ c 1 c 2 c 3 c 4 c 5 - c 2 c 1 c 4 - c 3 c 6 - c 3 - c 4 c 1 c 2 c 7 - c 4 c 3 - c 2 c 1 c 8 - c 5 - c 6 - c 7 - c 8 c 1 - c 6 c 5 - c 8 c 7 - c 2 - c 7 c 8 c 5 - c 6 - c 3 - c 8 - c 7 c 6 c 5 - c 4 ] .
16. The transmitter of claim 1 where the p sets of n symbols, when viewed as a matrix, form a matrix of p rows and n columns of symbols c, the form G 6 = [ c 1 c 2 c 3 c 4 c 5 c 6 - c 2 c 1 c 4 - c 3 c 6 - c 5 - c 3 - c 4 c 1 c 2 c 7 c 8 - c 4 c 3 - c 2 c 1 c 8 - c 7 - c 5 - c 6 - c 7 - c 8 c 1 c 2 - c 6 c 5 - c 8 c 7 - c 2 c 1 - c 7 c 8 c 5 - c 6 - c 3 c 4 - c 8 - c 7 c 6 c 5 - c 4 - c 3 ] .
17. The transmitter of claim 1 where the p sets of n symbols, when viewed as a matrix, form a matrix of p rows and n columns of symbols c, the form G 7 = [ c 1 c 2 c 3 c 4 c 5 c 6 c 7 - c 2 c 1 c 4 - c 3 c 6 - c 5 - c 8 - c 3 - c 4 c 1 c 2 c 7 c 8 - c 5 - c 4 c 3 - c 2 c 1 c 8 - c 7 c 6 - c 5 - c 6 - c 7 - c 8 c 1 c 2 c 3 - c 6 c 5 - c 8 c 7 - c 2 c 1 - c 4 - c 7 c 8 c 5 - c 6 - c 3 c 4 c 1 - c 8 - c 7 c 6 c 5 - c 4 - c 3 c 2 ] .
18. The transmitter of claim 11 where the 2p sets of n symbols, when viewed as a matrix, form a matrix of 2p rows and n columns of symbols c, the form [ c 1 c 2 c 3 - c 2 c 1 - c 4 - c 3 c 4 c 1 - c 4 - c 3 c 2 c 1 * c 2 * c 3 * - c 2 * c 1 * - c 4 * - c 3 * c 4 * c 1 * - c 4 * - c 3 * c 2 * ] .
19. The transmitter of claim 11 where the 2p sets of n symbols, when viewed as a matrix, form a matrix of 2p rows and n columns of symbols c, the form G c 4 = [ c 1 c 2 c 3 c 4 - c 2 c 1 - c 4 c 3 - c 3 c 4 c 1 - c 2 - c 4 - c 3 c 2 c 1 c 1 * c 2 * c 3 * c 4 * - c 2 * c 1 * - c 4 * c 3 * - c 3 * c 4 * c 1 * - c 2 * - c 4 * - c 3 * c 2 * c 1 * ] .
20. A transmitter responsive to a stream of complex symbols comprising: three antennas; and an encoder for delivering four sets of three symbols to said three antennas, to be transmitted in four time intervals, where the four sets of three symbols, when viewed as a matrix, form the matrix [ c 1 c 2 c 3 2 - c 2 * c 1 * c 3 2 c 3 * 2 c 3 * 2 ( - c 1 - c 1 * + c 2 - c 2 * ) 2 c 3 * 2 - c 3 * 2 ( c 2 + c 2 * + c 1 - c 1 * ) 2 ] .
21. A transmitter responsive to a stream of complex symbols comprising: four antennas; and an encoder for delivering four sets of four symbols to said three antennas, to be transmitted in four time intervals, where the four sets of four symbols, when viewed as a matrix, form the matrix [ c 1 c 2 c 3 2 c 3 2 - c 2 * c 1 * c 3 2 - c 3 2 c 3 * 2 c 3 * 2 ( - c 1 - c 1 * + c 2 - c 2 * ) 2 ( - c 2 - c 2 * + c 1 - c 1 * ) 2 c 3 * 2 - c 3 * 2 ( c 2 + c 2 * + c 1 - c 1 * ) 2 ( c 1 + c 1 * + c 2 - c 2 * ) 2 ] .
22. A transmitter comprising: n antennas; and an encoder for delivering p sets of n symbols to said n antennas, to be transmitted in p time intervals, thus transmitting n sets of p symbols c 1 ,c 2 , . . . c p with a chosen set of respective signs, and where each of said n sets is constructed by forming a product A i c, i 1,2, . . . ,n and the set A i 's is a set of Hurwitz-Radon matrices.
23. The transmitter of claim 22 where the set of A i 's is constructed from tensor products of three Hurwitz-Radon 2 2 matrices.
24. The transmitter of claim 23 where the three 2 2 matrices are [ 0 1 - 1 0 ] , [ 0 1 1 0 ] , and [ 1 0 0 - 1 ] .
25. A transmitter comprising an encoder for encoding blocks of p symbols, where p is a power of 2, expressible by p 2 4c d , where 0 d<4 and 0 c, and n antennas for simultaneously transmitting a different one of said symbols over said n antennas, and means for transmitting said block of symbols in p time intervals, where n 2, p>n, and n is such that 8c 2 d n.
Cooperative Patent Classification codes for this invention. Click any code to explore related patents in that topic.
November 6, 1998
August 6, 2002
Browse 5M+ US patents with plain-English claim translations and AI-generated analysis.