Linearization of intensity modulators using quadratic electro-optic effect

Changing the phrases when mixing of optical modes gives rise to intensity effects. This occurs in multi-mode interferometer (MMI) or arrayed waveguide gratings (AWG). Here we use an electro-arefractive modulator, with a quadratic electro-optic effect that has an optical transfer function (Or power vs voltage (L-V) curve) given by is Pout=Pin (1+γ cos θ)/2 where asymmetry factor γ measures the extinction ratio and the phase difference θ between arms is In turn, the voltage V is expressed as a sum of the DC bias and RF drive V=VDC+VRF.