Device of modular construction which permits the simultaneous or not-simultaneous recording and characterization of solid and liquid particles and gaseous components of engine exhaust gases on various test supports, with only small or no modification of the test support. Methods are based on individual or combined usage of laser scattering techniques, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, laser-induced ionization spectroscopy, laser-induced atomic fluorescence spectroscopy, IR-/VIS-/UV-laser absorption spectroscopy and laser-induced incandescence. Use of individual or combined usage of such devices permits the analysis of raw exhaust gas, the conditioned and/or treated exhaust gases for monitoring and checking working pattern of engine, individual components of exhaust gas treatment and/or total system on test beds and on vehicle and can be used for control of motor and/or exhaust components, such as catalysts and particle filters, on test beds and in driven usage, e.g., in connection with, or as part of, on-board diagnostic system.
Legal claims defining the scope of protection, as filed with the USPTO.
1. A process for determining properties of liquid particles of engine exhaust gas, the process comprising: detecting Raman scattering produced in a test area by excitation with one of a laser, a laser diode, and a diode laser; and determining at least one of: a type and composition of individual constituents of the liquid particles of the engine exhaust gas, and concentrations of individual constituents of the liquid particles of the engine exhaust gas.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the determining comprises determining concentrations of the individual constituents of the liquid particles of the engine exhaust gas, and wherein the concentrations of individual constituents of the liquid particles of the engine exhaust gas comprise at least one of a number concentration, a mass concentration, and a volume concentration.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the determining comprises determining concentrations, via partial densities, of the individual constituents of the liquid particles of the engine exhaust gas, and wherein the concentrations of individual constituents of the liquid particles of the engine exhaust gas comprise at least one of a number concentration, a mass concentration, and a volume concentration.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the engine exhaust gas is in a raw state.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the engine exhaust gas is at least one of conditioned exhaust gas and diluted exhaust gas.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the engine exhaust gas comprises one of water, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, water in pure form, sulfuric acid in pure form, nitric acid in pure form.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the engine exhaust gas comprises at least one of other constituents and aqueous solutions.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the engine exhaust gas comprises an urea water solution.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the engine exhaust gas comprises a mixture of one of water, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and water in pure form, sulfuric acid in pure form, nitric acid in pure form.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process determines properties of liquid particles of engine exhaust gas behind components of exhaust gas aftertreatment.
11. A process for determining properties of solid particles of engine exhaust gas, the process comprising: detecting Raman scattering produced in a test area by excitation with one of a laser, a laser diode, and a diode laser; and determining at least one of: a type and composition of individual constituents of the solid particles of the engine exhaust gas, and concentrations of individual constituents of the solid particles of the engine exhaust gas.
12. The process of claim 11 , wherein the determining comprises determining concentrations of individual constituents of the solid particles of the engine exhaust gas, and wherein the concentrations of individual constituents of the solid particles of the engine exhaust gas comprise at least one of a number concentration, a mass concentration, and a volume concentration.
13. The process of claim 11 , wherein the determining comprises determining concentrations of individual constituents of the solid particles of the engine exhaust gas, and wherein the concentrations of individual constituents of the solid particles of the engine exhaust gas comprise at least one of a number concentration, a mass concentration, and a volume concentration.
14. The process of claim 11 , wherein the engine exhaust gas is in a raw state.
15. The process of claim 11 , wherein the engine exhaust gas is at least one of conditioned exhaust gas and diluted exhaust gas.
16. The process of claim 11 , wherein the solid particles comprise one of soot particles, metals, metal oxides, metal compounds, silicon compounds, and ash.
17. The process of claim 11 , wherein the process determines properties of solid particles of engine exhaust gas behind components of exhaust gas aftertreatment.
18. A process for determining properties of solid particles of engine exhaust gas, the process comprising: detecting radiation produced in a test area by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) after irradiation with one of a laser, a laser diode, and a diode laser; and determining a type and composition of the solid particles of the engine exhaust gas.
19. The process of claim 18 , wherein the engine exhaust gas is in a raw state.
20. The process of claim 18 , wherein the engine exhaust gas is at least one of conditioned exhaust gas and diluted exhaust gas.
21. The process of claim 18 , wherein the solid particles comprise one of soot particles, metals, metal oxides, metal compounds, silicon compounds, and ash.
22. The process of claim 18 , wherein the process determines properties of solid particles of engine exhaust gas behind components of exhaust gas aftertreatment.
23. A process for determining properties of solid particles of engine exhaust gas, the process comprising: detecting radiation produced in a test area after irradiation with one of a laser, a laser diode, and a diode laser, and after vaporization and ionization of one of the solid particles and parts of the solid particles; and determining a type and composition of the solid particles of the engine exhaust gas.
24. The process of claim 23 , wherein the engine exhaust gas is in a raw state.
25. The process of claim 23 , wherein the engine exhaust gas is at least one of conditioned exhaust gas and diluted exhaust gas.
26. The process of claim 23 , wherein the solid particles comprise one of soot particles, metals, metal oxides, metal compounds, silicon compounds, and ash.
27. The process of claim 23 , wherein the process determines properties of solid particles of engine exhaust gas behind components of exhaust gas aftertreatment.
28. A process for determining properties of liquid particles of engine exhaust gas, the process comprising: detecting radiation produced in a test area after irradiation with one of a laser, a laser diode, and a diode laser, and after vaporization and ionization of one of the liquid particles and parts of the liquid particles; and determining a type and composition of the liquid particles of the engine exhaust gas.
29. The process of claim 28 , wherein the engine exhaust gas is in a raw state.
30. The process of claim 28 , wherein the engine exhaust gas is at least one of conditioned exhaust gas and diluted exhaust gas.
31. The process of claim 28 , wherein the engine exhaust gas comprises one of water, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, water in pure form, sulfuric acid in pure form, nitric acid in pure form.
32. The process of claim 28 , wherein the engine exhaust gas comprises at least one of other constituents and aqueous solutions.
33. The process of claim 28 , wherein the engine exhaust gas comprises an urea water solution.
34. The process of claim 28 , wherein the engine exhaust gas comprises a mixture of one of water, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and water in pure form, sulfuric acid in pure form, nitric acid in pure form.
35. The process of claim 28 , wherein the process determines properties of liquid particles of engine exhaust gas behind components of exhaust gas aftertreatment.
36. A process for determining properties of liquid particles of engine exhaust gas, the process comprising: detecting radiation produced in a test area by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) after irradiation with one of a laser, a laser diode, and a diode laser; and determining a type and composition of the liquid particles of the engine exhaust gas.
37. The process of claim 36 , wherein the engine exhaust gas is in a raw state.
38. The process of claim 36 , wherein the engine exhaust gas is at least one of conditioned exhaust gas and diluted exhaust gas.
39. The process of claim 36 , wherein the engine exhaust gas comprises one of water, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, water in pure form, sulfuric acid in pure form, nitric acid in pure form.
40. The process of claim 36 , wherein the engine exhaust gas comprises at least one of other constituents and aqueous solutions.
41. The process of claim 36 , wherein the engine exhaust gas comprises an urea water solution.
42. The process of claim 36 , wherein the engine exhaust gas comprises a mixture of one of water, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and water in pure form, sulfuric acid in pure form, nitric acid in pure form.
43. The process of claim 36 , wherein the process determines properties of liquid particles of engine exhaust gas behind components of exhaust gas aftertreatment.
44. A process for determining concentrations of gaseous constituents of engine exhaust gas, the process comprising: detecting radiation produced in a test area by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) after irradiation with one of a laser, a laser diode, and a diode laser; and determining a type and concentration of individual gaseous constituents of the engine exhaust gas.
45. The process of claim 44 , wherein the concentration of individual gaseous constituents of engine exhaust gas comprises one of: a number concentration of individual gaseous constituents of engine exhaust gas; a mass concentration of individual gaseous constituents of engine exhaust gas; and a volume concentration of individual gaseous constituents of engine exhaust gas.
46. The process of claim 44 , wherein the engine exhaust gas is in a raw state.
47. The process of claim 44 , wherein the engine exhaust gas is at least one of conditioned exhaust gas and diluted exhaust gas.
48. The process of claim 44 , wherein the individual gaseous constituents comprise NO x , NO, NO 2 , N 2 O, CO, HC, O 2 , H 2 O, and NH 3 .
49. The process of claim 44 , wherein the process determines concentrations of gaseous constituents of engine exhaust gas behind components of exhaust gas aftertreatment.
50. A process for determining properties of at least one of liquid particles and solid particles of engine exhaust gas, the process comprising: detecting an atomic fluorescence emission produced in a test area by excitation with one of a laser, a laser diode, and a diode laser; and determining a type and composition of the liquid and/or solid particles of the engine exhaust gas and concentrations of individual constituents.
51. The process of claim 50 , wherein the engine exhaust gas is in a raw state.
52. The process of claim 50 , wherein the engine exhaust gas is at least one of conditioned exhaust gas and diluted exhaust gas.
53. The process of claim 50 , further comprising determining concentrations of individual constituents, which concentrations comprise at least one of a number concentration, a mass concentration and a volume concentration.
54. The process of claim 50 , further comprising calculating concentrations of individual constituents using at least one of a measuring signal and an atomic fluorescence measuring signal.
55. The process of claim 50 , further comprising, after ionization, calculating concentrations of individual constituents using at least one of a measuring signal and an atomic fluorescence measuring signal.
56. The process of claim 50 , wherein the engine exhaust gas comprises one of water, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, water in pure form, sulfuric acid in pure form, nitric acid in pure form.
57. The process of claim 50 , wherein the engine exhaust gas comprises at least one of other constituents and aqueous solutions.
58. The process of claim 50 , wherein the engine exhaust gas comprises an urea water solution.
59. The process of claim 50 , wherein the engine exhaust gas comprises a mixture of one of water, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and water in pure form, sulfuric acid in pure form, nitric acid in pure form.
60. The process of claim 50 , wherein the solid particles comprise one of soot particles, metals, metal oxides, metal compounds, silicon compounds, and ash.
61. The process of claim 50 , wherein the process determines properties of at least one of liquid particles and solid particles of engine exhaust gas behind components of exhaust gas aftertreatment.
62. A process for determining properties of solid particles of engine exhaust gas, the process comprising: detecting radiation produced in a test area by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) after irradiation with one of a laser, a laser diode, and a diode laser; detecting radiation produced in the test area by laser-induced incandescence (LII) after irradiation with one of a laser, a laser diode, and a diode laser; and determining a type and composition of the solid particles of the engine exhaust gas.
63. A process for determining properties of liquid particles of engine exhaust gas, the process comprising: detecting radiation produced in a test area by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) after irradiation with one of a laser, a laser diode, and a diode laser; detecting radiation produced in the test area by laser-induced incandescence (LII) after irradiation with one of a laser, a laser diode, and a diode laser; and determining a type and composition of the liquid particles of the engine exhaust gas.
64. A process for determining concentrations of gaseous constituents of engine exhaust gas, the process comprising: detecting radiation produced in a test area by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) after irradiation with one of a laser, a laser diode, and a diode laser; detecting radiation produced in the test area by laser-induced incandescence (LII) after irradiation with one of a laser, a laser diode, and a diode laser; and determining a type and concentration of individual gaseous constituents of the engine exhaust gas.
65. A process for determining properties of liquid particles of engine exhaust gas, the process comprising: detecting Raman scattering produced in a test area by excitation with one of a laser, a laser diode, and a diode laser; detecting radiation produced in the test area by laser-induced incandescence (LII) after irradiation with one of a laser, a laser diode, and a diode laser; and determining at least one of: a type and composition of individual constituents of the liquid particles of the engine exhaust gas, and concentrations of individual constituents of the liquid particles of the engine exhaust gas.
66. A process for determining properties of solid particles of engine exhaust gas, the process comprising: detecting Raman scattering produced in a test area by excitation with one of a laser, a laser diode, and a diode laser; detecting radiation produced in the test area by laser-induced incandescence (LII) after irradiation with one of a laser, a laser diode, and a diode laser; and determining at least one of: a type and composition of individual constituents of the solid particles of the engine exhaust gas, and concentrations of individual constituents of the solid particles of the engine exhaust gas.
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May 8, 2002
August 1, 2006
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