Matrix connection device for photovoltaic panels and/or wind turbines

1. A matrix connection device disposed between n unidirectional energy sources (PV 1 , PV 2 , PVn) and at least n+1 power converters (C 1 , C 2 , Cn, Cn+1) for the purpose of powering a common load ( 10 ), said device being characterized in that it comprises: n matrix switch units (I 1 , I 2 to In), each of which comprises n link switches (Ki 1 , Ki 2 to Kin) having their outlets connected together and having their n inlets connected to the n outlets of said unidirectional energy sources, the outlet of the first unidirectional energy source (PV 1 ) being connected to each of the first switches (Ki 1 ) of each of the matrix switch units (I 1 , I 2 to In), the outlet of the second unidirectional energy source (PV 2 ) being connected to each of the second switches Ki 2 of each of the matrix switch units (Ii, I 2 to In) and so on to the outlet of the n th unidirectional energy source (PVn) that is connected to each of the n th switches (Kin) of each of the matrix switch units (I 1 , I 2 to In); at least one additional switch unit (In+1) comprising n switches (K n+1 1 , K n+1 2 to K n+1 n) having their outlets connected together and their n inlets connected to respective ones of the n outlets of said unidirectional energy sources; and a monitoring and control circuit ( 14 ) for starting up or not starting up said power converters as a function of the power available at each of said unidirectional energy sources, and then for keeping them switched on or for deactivating them as a function of the power consumed by each of them; wherein n is greater than 1.

2. A matrix connection device according to claim 1 , characterized in that it further comprises n power sensors disposed in association with said n unidirectional energy sources so as to enable said available power to be measured.

3. A matrix connection device according to claim 2 , characterized in that said power sensor is formed by an insolation sensor or by a sensor for measuring the speed of the wind.

4. A matrix connection device according to claim 1 , characterized in that it further comprises n short-circuit switches (K 10 , K 20 to Kn 0 ) for short-circuiting the outlet of each of said unidirectional energy sources, thereby enabling said available power to be measured.

5. A matrix connection device according to claim 1 , characterized in that each of said switches comprises an IGBT or a MOSFET associated with protection circuits for protecting both against voltage surges and against current surges.

6. A matrix connection device according to claim 1 , characterized in that each of said switches comprises an electromechanical component.

7. A matrix connection device according to claim 1 , characterized in that said unidirectional energy sources are photovoltaic panels or wind turbines or a combination of both.

8. An energy conversion installation including a matrix connection device according to claim 1 for powering power converters from unidirectional energy sources.