Frequency and phase compensation for modulation formats using multiple sub-carriers

An optical receiver may receive input signals carried by respective sub-carriers. The optical receiver may determine, based on the input signals, a compensation value to be used to modify an input signal. The optical receiver may use the compensation value to adjust the input signal to form a modified input signal. The compensation value may be used to modify a frequency or a phase of the input signal. The optical receiver may determine, based on the modified input signal, a phase estimate value that represents an estimated phase associated with the input signal. The optical receiver may combine the compensation value and the phase estimate value to form a phase adjustment signal, may combine the input signal and the phase adjustment signal to form an output signal, and may output the output signal.