An objective function is disclosed that extracts the velocity error information directly in the image domain without computing common-image gathers. Because of the dimensionality of the problem, gradient-based methods (such as the conjugate-gradient algorithm) are used in the optimization procedure. In order to include the full complexity of the wavefield in the velocity estimation algorithm, a two-way (as opposed to one-way) wave operator is considered, where the imaging operator is not linearized with respect to the model parameters (as in linearized wave-equation migration velocity analysis), and the gradient of the objective function is determined using the adjoint-state method. The velocity estimation methodology is illustrated with a few synthetic examples.
Legal claims defining the scope of protection. Each claim is shown in both the original legal language and a plain English translation.
1. A method of analyzing seismic image data, comprising: receiving a first image, the first image representing image data of a geological structure obtained from seismic receivers in a first position relative to the geological structure; receiving a second image, the second image representing image data of the geological structure obtained from seismic receivers in a second position relative to the geological structure, wherein the first position and the second position are in different physical locations with respect to the geological structure; measuring relative shift of the second image as compared to the first image with respect to the geological structure, wherein measuring relative shift of the second image as compared to the first image comprises performing a direct image domain comparison of the first image with the second image through a local image space correlation without computing common-image gathers; and based on the direct image domain comparison, estimating a velocity model of the geological structure.
A method analyzes seismic image data to estimate the velocity model of a geological structure. It receives two images of the structure taken from different physical locations of seismic receivers. The method measures the relative shift between the two images by directly comparing them in the image domain using local image space correlation, without computing common-image gathers. Based on this direct image comparison, the method estimates a velocity model of the geological structure.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a structural element of the geological structure comprises a structural dip.
The method of analyzing seismic image data to estimate the velocity model of a geological structure, which receives two images of the structure taken from different physical locations of seismic receivers; measures the relative shift between the two images by directly comparing them in the image domain using local image space correlation, without computing common-image gathers; and estimates a velocity model based on this comparison, where a structural element of the geological structure contains a structural dip, such as an inclined rock layer.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein measuring relative shift comprises: directly comparing, using a computer, the first image with the second image; and measuring inconsistencies between the first and second images as phase shifts in the image space.
The method of analyzing seismic image data to estimate the velocity model of a geological structure, which receives two images of the structure taken from different physical locations of seismic receivers; measures the relative shift between the two images by directly comparing them in the image domain using local image space correlation, without computing common-image gathers; and estimates a velocity model based on this comparison. The relative shift measurement involves directly comparing the first and second images using a computer and measuring inconsistencies between the images as phase shifts in the image space.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein measuring relative shift further comprises building a model, from the first and second images, wherein the model can be evaluated using an objective function.
The method of analyzing seismic image data to estimate the velocity model of a geological structure, which receives two images of the structure taken from different physical locations of seismic receivers; measures the relative shift between the two images by directly comparing them in the image domain using local image space correlation, without computing common-image gathers; and estimates a velocity model based on this comparison. The relative shift measurement involves directly comparing the first and second images using a computer and measuring inconsistencies between the images as phase shifts in the image space. From these images, a model is built that can be evaluated using an objective function.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the objective function is utilized to measure a mismatch between synthetic wavefields and the first and second images.
The method of analyzing seismic image data to estimate the velocity model of a geological structure, which receives two images of the structure taken from different physical locations of seismic receivers; measures the relative shift between the two images by directly comparing them in the image domain using local image space correlation, without computing common-image gathers; and estimates a velocity model based on this comparison. The relative shift measurement involves directly comparing the first and second images using a computer and measuring inconsistencies between the images as phase shifts in the image space. From these images, a model is built that can be evaluated using an objective function. The objective function measures the mismatch between synthetic wavefields and the first and second images.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the objective function evaluates a focus of the model.
The method of analyzing seismic image data to estimate the velocity model of a geological structure, which receives two images of the structure taken from different physical locations of seismic receivers; measures the relative shift between the two images by directly comparing them in the image domain using local image space correlation, without computing common-image gathers; and estimates a velocity model based on this comparison. The relative shift measurement involves directly comparing the first and second images using a computer and measuring inconsistencies between the images as phase shifts in the image space. From these images, a model is built that can be evaluated using an objective function. The objective function evaluates the focus of the model.
7. The method of claim 4 , wherein the objective function evaluates a degree of semblance between the first and second images.
The method of analyzing seismic image data to estimate the velocity model of a geological structure, which receives two images of the structure taken from different physical locations of seismic receivers; measures the relative shift between the two images by directly comparing them in the image domain using local image space correlation, without computing common-image gathers; and estimates a velocity model based on this comparison. The relative shift measurement involves directly comparing the first and second images using a computer and measuring inconsistencies between the images as phase shifts in the image space. From these images, a model is built that can be evaluated using an objective function. The objective function evaluates the degree of semblance (similarity) between the first and second images.
8. A method of analyzing seismic image data comprising: obtaining a first image data set of data from a first seismic experiment associated with a geological structure; making a first image from the first image data set; obtaining a second image data set of data from a second seismic experiment associated with the geological structure, wherein the first seismic experiment is taken in a different physical location as the second seismic experiment relative to the geological structure; making a second image from the second image data set; measuring, by a computer, relative shift of the second image data set as compared to the first image data set with respect to the geological structure, wherein measuring relative shift of the second image data set as compared to the first image data set comprises performing a direct image domain comparison of the first image with the second image through a local image space correlation without computing common-image gathers; and based on the similarity between the first and second image, defining an objective function which minimizes as the similarity between the first and second image increases.
A method analyzes seismic image data by obtaining two image datasets from seismic experiments performed at different physical locations relative to a geological structure. From each dataset, an image is created. The method measures the relative shift between the image datasets by directly comparing the images in the image domain using local image space correlation, without computing common-image gathers. Based on the similarity between the images, an objective function is defined that minimizes as the similarity between the images increases.
9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising designing a tomographic procedure to determine a minimum of the objective function.
The method of analyzing seismic image data, which obtains two image datasets from seismic experiments performed at different physical locations relative to a geological structure; creates an image from each dataset; measures the relative shift between the image datasets by directly comparing the images in the image domain using local image space correlation, without computing common-image gathers; and defines an objective function that minimizes as the similarity between the images increases, further comprises designing a tomographic procedure to determine the minimum of the objective function, thereby refining the velocity model.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the first and second seismic experiments illuminate the same geologic structure.
The method of analyzing seismic image data, which obtains two image datasets from seismic experiments performed at different physical locations relative to a geological structure; creates an image from each dataset; measures the relative shift between the image datasets by directly comparing the images in the image domain using local image space correlation, without computing common-image gathers; and defines an objective function that minimizes as the similarity between the images increases, where the first and second seismic experiments illuminate the same geological structure.
11. A system that analyzes seismic image data, comprising: a storage device that receives a first image data set, the first image data set representing image data obtained from seismic receivers in a first position relative to a geological structure and receives a second image data set, the second image data set representing image data obtained from seismic receivers in a second position relative to the geological structure; and a velocity model estimation module that causes a processor to estimate a velocity model of the geological structure by measuring relative shift of the second image data as compared to the first image data with respect to a structural element of the geological structure by performing a direct image domain comparison of the first image data set with the second image data set through a local image space correlation without computing common-image gathers.
A system for analyzing seismic image data includes a storage device that receives two image datasets representing image data from seismic receivers in different positions relative to a geological structure. A velocity model estimation module uses a processor to estimate a velocity model of the geological structure by measuring the relative shift between the two image datasets by performing a direct image domain comparison using local image space correlation, without computing common-image gathers. The shift is measured with respect to a structural element of the geological structure.
12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the structural element comprises a structural dip.
The system for analyzing seismic image data which includes a storage device that receives two image datasets representing image data from seismic receivers in different positions relative to a geological structure, and a velocity model estimation module that estimates a velocity model by measuring relative shift between datasets using direct image domain comparison without common-image gathers, where the structural element contains a structural dip.
13. The system of claim 11 , wherein the processor further compares the first image data set with the second image data set and measures inconsistencies between the first and second image data sets as phase shifts in the image space.
The system for analyzing seismic image data which includes a storage device that receives two image datasets representing image data from seismic receivers in different positions relative to a geological structure, and a velocity model estimation module that estimates a velocity model by measuring relative shift between datasets using direct image domain comparison without common-image gathers, where the processor further compares the image datasets and measures inconsistencies as phase shifts in the image space.
14. The system of claim 13 , further comprising an objective function module that causes the processor to construct a model, from the first and second image data sets, wherein the model can be evaluated using an objective function.
The system for analyzing seismic image data which includes a storage device that receives two image datasets representing image data from seismic receivers in different positions relative to a geological structure, and a velocity model estimation module that estimates a velocity model by measuring relative shift between datasets using direct image domain comparison without common-image gathers, and further comprises an objective function module that causes the processor to construct a model from the datasets, where the model can be evaluated using an objective function.
15. The system of claim 14 , wherein the objective function is utilized to measure a mismatch between synthetic wavefields and the first and second image data sets.
The system for analyzing seismic image data which includes a storage device that receives two image datasets representing image data from seismic receivers in different positions relative to a geological structure, and a velocity model estimation module that estimates a velocity model by measuring relative shift between datasets using direct image domain comparison without common-image gathers, and further comprises an objective function module that causes the processor to construct a model from the datasets, where the model can be evaluated using an objective function. The objective function measures the mismatch between synthetic wavefields and the image datasets.
16. The system of claim 14 , wherein the objective function evaluates a focus of the model.
The system for analyzing seismic image data which includes a storage device that receives two image datasets representing image data from seismic receivers in different positions relative to a geological structure, and a velocity model estimation module that estimates a velocity model by measuring relative shift between datasets using direct image domain comparison without common-image gathers, and further comprises an objective function module that causes the processor to construct a model from the datasets, where the model can be evaluated using an objective function. The objective function evaluates the focus of the model.
17. The system of claim 14 , wherein the objective function evaluates a degree of semblance between the first and second image data sets.
The system for analyzing seismic image data which includes a storage device that receives two image datasets representing image data from seismic receivers in different positions relative to a geological structure, and a velocity model estimation module that estimates a velocity model by measuring relative shift between datasets using direct image domain comparison without common-image gathers, and further comprises an objective function module that causes the processor to construct a model from the datasets, where the model can be evaluated using an objective function. The objective function evaluates the degree of semblance (similarity) between the image datasets.
18. A non-transitory computer-readable information storage media having stored thereon instructions, that when executed by one or more computers, performs the steps in claim 1 .
A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores instructions that, when executed, perform the method of analyzing seismic image data to estimate the velocity model of a geological structure. The method receives two images of the structure taken from different physical locations of seismic receivers. The method measures the relative shift between the two images by directly comparing them in the image domain using local image space correlation, without computing common-image gathers. Based on this direct image comparison, the method estimates a velocity model of the geological structure.
19. A method to estimate a velocity model from seismic data comprising: estimating a velocity model of the geological structure utilizing an objective function that measures, using a microprocessor, a mismatch between synthetic wavefields and the first and second image data sets in the seismic data by performing a direct image domain comparison of the first image data set with the second image data set through a local image space correlation without computing common-image gathers; and storing an updated velocity model based on a gradient.
A method estimates a velocity model from seismic data by estimating a velocity model of a geological structure. The estimation uses an objective function that measures the mismatch between synthetic wavefields and the first and second image datasets in the seismic data. This measurement is done by directly comparing the image datasets in the image domain using local image space correlation, without computing common-image gathers. An updated velocity model based on a gradient is then stored.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein velocity information is extracted directly in an image domain.
The method of estimating a velocity model by utilizing an objective function that measures the mismatch between synthetic wavefields and the first and second image data sets by performing a direct image domain comparison of the first image data set with the second image data set through a local image space correlation without computing common-image gathers, and storing an updated velocity model based on a gradient, where the velocity information is extracted directly in the image domain.
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July 12, 2012
July 11, 2017
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