Method of manufacturing zinc oxide nanosheet structure, and electronic apparatus and touch sensor apparatus having the zinc oxide nanosheet structure

1. An electronic apparatus comprising: a lower electrode; an upper electrode disposed to be spaced apart from the lower electrode; and a zinc oxide nanosheet structure which comprises a zinc oxide lattice, a metal element which dopes an inside of the lattice, and hydroxide ions of the doping metal coupled with at least part of outermost zinc ions of the zinc oxide lattice and is disposed between the lower electrode and the upper electrode.

2. The electronic apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the lower electrode and the upper electrode each independently comprise one or more selected from the group consisting of gold (Au), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), a Pd—Au alloy (PdAu), Ni, an Ni—Au alloy (NiAu), ruthenium (Ru), silver (Ag), Cu, zinc (Zn), Ti, a Ti—Au alloy (TiAu), Al, indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), gallium zinc oxide (GZO), carbon nanotubes (CNT), and graphene.

3. The electronic apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising: a lower substrate disposed below the lower electrode; and an upper substrate disposed above the upper electrode, wherein the lower electrode is formed on a top surface of the lower substrate and the upper electrode is formed on a bottom surface of the upper substrate.

4. The electronic apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the lower substrate and the upper substrate each independently comprise one or more selected from the group consisting of a polymer substrate, a paper substrate, a glass substrate, a sapphire substrate, a silicon substrate, and a ceramic substrate.

5. The electronic apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the metal element comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of V, Mn, Co, Cr, Ni, Fe, Cu, Al, Sn, Sc, and Ti.

6. The electronic apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the metal element comprises a transition metal element which has oxygen-coupling strength greater than that of zinc and has a smaller radius than that of zinc ions when ionized.

7. The electronic apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the transition metal element comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of V, Mn, Co, Cr, Ni, Fe, Cu, Sc, and Ti.

8. The electronic apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the zinc oxide nanosheet structure comprises atoms of the metal and zinc atoms at a mole ratio from about 1:20 to about 1:30.

9. The electronic apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electronic apparatus is a power generation apparatus, and wherein the electronic apparatus further comprises a power storage apparatus electrically connected to the lower electrode and the upper electrode.

10. A touch sensor apparatus comprising: a lower electrode which comprises a plurality of first electrode patterns which extend in a first direction and are mutually spaced apart and is disposed above a lower substrate; an upper electrode which comprises a plurality of second electrode patterns which extend in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction and are mutually spaced apart and is disposed below an upper substrate which faces the lower substrate; and a plurality of zinc oxide nanosheet structures which are disposed between the lower electrode and the upper electrode, each comprise a bottom end in contact with one of the first electrode patterns and a top end in contact with all of the second electrode patterns, and are mutually spaced apart.

11. The touch sensor apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the zinc oxide nanosheet structures each comprise a zinc oxide lattice, a metal element which dopes an inside of the lattice, and hydroxide ions of the doping metal coupled with at least part of outermost zinc ions of the zinc oxide lattice.